Ikhodi le-Samurai le Bushido liye lahlaba isithakazelo isikhathi eside ezibukelini, futhi imisebenzi embalwa yempucuko ethandwayo iye yaletha izindinganiso zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekuphileni ngokucace njenge-manga nochungechunge lwe-aimane . I-Murouni Kenshin[. Ngokwezwi nezwi “indlela yeqhawe” ayiyona nje indlela yempi kodwa isimiso sezimiso ezibanzi ezaguqula isithunzi sempi yaseJapane emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Ngendaba yeKenshin Himura, owayeyingiza, umhlaseli ohlola inhlonipho, ububele, uzwela, nobuhlungu benqubo yokubuyisana esikhathini sokushintsha kwezenhlalo. Lesihloko sihlola ushintsho lwezehlakalo lwezenhlalo, i-mistruni, i-Bush, [R] ne-Fomine, imibuzo yasendulo, futhi iveza le-Ken.[3]

Umlando WeSamurai

I-Samurai yaqala njengempi yesifunda phakathi nenkathi yokugcina yeHeian (794-1185) futhi kancane kancane yavelela njengesigaba esihlukile somphakathi. Ngesikhathi iKamatura shogunate imiswa ngo-1962, base beyibutho eliphethe ibutho lempi, beboshwe ngezifungo zokwethembeka ku-daimyo (amakhosi aphakeme) ngokushintshana nezwe noma ama-stienters. La maqhawe akuqala ayephila enkathini yempi eseduze kakhulu, lapho ikhono lokulwa nesibindi laliyizindlela eziyinhloko zenzuzo yomuntu. Kodwa kwakuphakathi nesikhathi eside sokuthula kwe-Edo (1603-1668) cishe abiza ama-TokuTokugagawa. Ngempela ngokuthi i-Bushdo njenge-soshadi.

Ukuhlanganiswa kweJapane ngaphansi kukaTokugawa Ieyasu kwaqeda impi enkulu, kuguqula i-samurai kwabalwi bempi yabalawuli bempi yabalawuli, izazi, nabagcini besigaba esiqinile seqembu lezikhulu. Ngaphandle kwezimpi zokulwa, isigaba sempi sabhekana nenkinga yokuzichaza. Ekuphenduleni, ongqondo nabashi baqala ukuchaza ifilosofi eyalondoloza umoya wempi ngesikhathi iwuvumelanisa nenhlangano yempi. Incwadi enjengeyamato Toto Toto Totototo’’’s [FLTY:0] eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Bushtukture[[FLT: 1]] [FLT: 1]] neMiyamoto Musashisshis, futhi igcizelela ukukhomba kobuswa kobushini obunye ubuBuddha, futhi iveza i-Rekodia.

Ukuklanywa Kwebhushido Ngezikhathi Zokuthula

Ngaphambi kwenkathi ye-Edo, izimiso zokuziphatha zamaqhawe zazingabhalwanga kakhulu, zazidluliselwa ngomlomo noma ngesibonelo. Ukuzinza okulinganiselwe kweTokugawa shogunate kwabangela ukuba kuvele impucuko yobuqaba lapho i-Samurai yayingacabanga ukuthi kuyini ukuphila nokufa ngokuhlonipheka. [[FLT:]], eyaqanjwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elineshumi elinesihlanu leminyaka, yathi “indlela yeSamurai itholakala ekufeni.” Lena kwakungekona ukudumisa ukuzibulala kodwa ukuphikelela kokuthi iqhawe kufanele ilungiselele ukuphila kwayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, isikhulule ekumesabeni isahlulelo sayo. Okwamanje, [FLD], [FLD] [2] Incwadi ye-Rumian:FFFFFFFFOM] egxile ekuboneni komqondo ophakeme kakhulu, futhi egcizelela kakhulu kwezezelele.

Lemibhalo yayingakhulumi ngezwi elilodwa, futhi uBushido wayengeyena neze umthetho ophoqelelekayo. Kunalokho, kwakuyisifiso esifiselekayo esasihlukahluka ngokwesifunda nangokwesizwe. Nokho, maphakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka, umqondo weqhawe elihlangene i-etos waba isisekelo esinamandla esingokwesiko. Imfanelo ehlobene noBushido / inhlonipho, isibindi, inhlonipho, ukwethembeka, nobuqotho yayibhekwa njengendinganiso okufanele noma yimuphi umuntu ozibheka njengomsaramu amfune.

Ubuhle Bezimbali

Nakuba izincazelo zihlukahluka, lezi zici ezinhle ezilandelayo zivela ngokungaguquki ezingxenyeni zezindaba ezingokomlando futhi kamuva uVictorian-era zichaza njenge-Nitobe Inazō’s i-Bonophido: Umphefumulo waseJapane[:

  • [ Dumisa (Moyo):[ idumela likaSamurai laliyimpahla yakhe eyigugu kakhulu. Ukuhlonipha izinqumo eziqondiswayo futhi kwasebenza njengesihlangu sobugwala. Ukudunya kungabhubhisa kakhulu kangangokuba ukuzibulala okungokwesiko (seppuku) ngezinye izikhathi kwakubhekwa njengekhambi okuwukuphela kwalo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukwethembeka kuwenkosi nesizwe sakho kwakuphelele. Isambarai kwakulindeleke ukuba ifeze iziyalezo zenkosi yayo ngaphandle kokunqikaza, ngisho noma kungalahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe, futhi ihlale iqinile kunoma yibuphi ubunzima.
  • Ukuqapha (Yūkan):[ Isibindi esingokomzimba ekulweni sasimane sinye kuphela. Isibindi sangempela sasisho ukwenza okulungile ngisho nalapho kungathandeki, ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuziphatha ngobuqotho, nokukhuthazelela ubunzima ngaphandle kokukhononda.
  • Ukuthatha i-complion (Jin): esusela ezimfundisweni zobuConfucius, Bushido wagcizelela ukuthi iqhawe kumelwe libe nesihe nomusa. I - samurai eyasebenzisa amandla ayo ekucindezeleni ababuthakathaka yayingakufanelekeli ukubizwa ngesiqu; amakhosi eqiniso kwakulindeleke ukuba avikele abangenakuzisiza.
  • [ Ukukhohliswa (Makoto): Ukwethembeka nokungagunci kwakubalulekile. Igama likaSamurai laliyisibopho sakhe; ukwephula isithembiso noma ukuphendukela ekukhohliseni ngenxa yenzuzo yakhe siqu kwangcolisa unombala unobuphakade.

Lezi zimiso zazingakholeki. Zazingahlanganiswe emicikilishweni yansuku zonke, kusukela emkhosini wetiye nasemkhubeni wokudwetshwa kwezithombe owahlakulela ingqondo kuya empucukweni ehleliwe eyayilawula ukuhlangana kwazo zonke izinqubo. Nokho, inselele yaqala lapho lezi zimfanelo ziphikisana noma ziphikisana namaqiniso ezwe elishintshayo. ukushukuma kwe-Rurounian Kenshin .

Rurouni Kenshin: Isimiso Semithetho YaseSamurai

URurouni Kenshin, owakhiwa nguNobuhiro Watsuki, ubekwe enkathini yokuqala yeMeiji, inkathi lapho iJapane yayijaha ukuthatha ijubane lokuzihlukanisa ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka. i-Pinshonist, iKenshin Hitura, yayaziwa ngokuthi i-Hatokitōsai, umbulali odumile ogogelwe inkemba yakhe yazemba indlela yempi ye-i - i-istommus phakathi nempi yamakhaya. Lapho kuqala i-Pinhin i-hin iqala, u-Kenshin ulahle umucu wakhe wokubulala futhi manje uzula esemaphandleni nge-akabatō·ahlade engenakuthatha ukuphila. Isifungo sakhe sokungaphinde simbulala iphithi yempi phakathi kwempi yempi yempi, lapho kuthatha izinkemba eziphila ngaphandle kobulongwe ezika. yindoda ebusayo ebusayo ebusayo.

Lesi sisetshenziswa sokulandisa sivumela uWatsuki ukuba ahlole izimiso zikaBushido ngokumelene nobunzima bolwazi lomuntu. Uhambo lukaKenshin alukona ukukhazinyuliswa okuqondile komthetho we-samurai. Kunalokho, lubuza ukuthi ingabe udumo lungahlala ngokuhlawulelwa, ukuthi ukwethembeka kungasinda yini ekuweni kwesimiso sombango, nokuthi amandla angempela angabonakala yini njengobumnene.

Indlela KaKenshin: Udumo, Ukubuyisana, Nebhuladi Elibuyayo

Ukwenqaba kukaKenshin ukubulala kuwuhlobo lwakhe lodumo. Lapho i-Classido evame ukudunyiswa kakhulu kunabo bonke, uKenshin ufuna ubuqotho obujulile, bomuntu siqu. Uqonda ukuthi ukuphila akuthatha akunakubuyiselwa, kodwa unikezela ukuphila kwakhe ukuze avikele abangenacala njengohlobo lokubuyisa. Lolu dumo oluhle: akuselona isikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo somphakathi kodwa impi yangaphakathi emelene nobumnyama bomuntu siqu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uKenshin udonsa isanka, uzibeka engozini yokubuyisela ku-amhoxile obandayo. Ubuye ubuyele ku-mfebe owenziwe ngokushintsha u-mfa. Ushelayluthi olusebenza njengesikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo sokuthi injongo yakhe ilondolo, ayikho.

Lokhu kuthatha kuveza ubuhle bozwela lukaBushido. Ama - samurai amaningi angokomlando akhuthazwa ukuba anciphise amandla awo okulwa ngesihe, kodwa uKenshin uthatha umqondo ngokuwuqeda ngokususa ngokuphelele icebo elibulalayo. Izimpi zakhe ziba uvivinyo lwekhono olusabekayo futhi ziyothi: kumelwe akhubaze abaphikisi ngokushesha ukuze avimbele noma ikuphi ukulahlekelwa ukuphila, ngisho nalapho esebenzelana nezitha ezingazithibi. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo ovusa inkanuko: iqhawe linganamathela ekudumiseni nasekuvikeleni abanye ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekufeni?

Ukwethembeka Nokuyinkimbinkimbi Kwako EKenshingumi

Enkathini yezentengiselwano, ukwethembeka enkosini yomuntu kwakuyinqaba yesazi sobuso. U-Meiji Reformation wadiliza leloqembu, washiya amabutho ephambukile. uKenshin uthola ukugxila okusha kokwethembeka komkhaya wakhe wesikhashana eKaiya dojo: Kaori, umfundisi womoya kakenjutsu omnika ikhaya; u-Yahiko, umfana oyintanda olangazelela izinkolelo zesilisa; iSanukoke, umlwi womgwaqo ngomqondo onamandla wobulungisa; noMegumi, udokotela onekhono lakhe lokuphilisa umzimba njengoKenshin uphulukisa umoya. Lo “Yenushimi” umelela iqembu elikhethwe, hhayi ngegazi noma ngesibopho sobuthaka.

Abanye abalingiswa abangokwesiko banamathela kakhulu ekuthembekeni kobufandandane. Saitō Hajime, owayekaputeni we Shinsengumi .ibutho lamaphoyisa elisekelwe eKyoto-Ototo elivikela umbuso weTokugawa . ugcina ukwethembeka kwakhe okuphelele emqondweni othi “Aku Soku Zan” (Ubulele Ebubini ngokushesha). Ngisho nasenkathini yanamuhla, uSaitō usebenza njengenxusa likahulumeni obulala izigebengu ngaphandle kokunqikaza. Ubheka isithembiso sikaKenshin njengesigqizotha sobuvini neso esiyingozi njengobuvilambele inhlonipho esekelwe ekuphiseni kwabo esikhathini esidlule njengempi. Imithetho kaSaitō iyisibuko esidala esiwubukhali senkonzo yenhlengomthetho. Ukuxabana phakathi kwefilosofi nefilosofi kaSashin ngokwayo kwembula ukuthula inkemba eqinile futhi iveza ukuthula kobuningi kobudlova.[8]

Ukubuyiselwa KweMeiji: Ithonya Lezindinganiso ZaseSamurai

IMeiji Reformation (1868) yayiyi-accompter eyachitha isigaba sabaSamurai. Uhulumeni omusha waqeda izifunda zobudili, wamisa ukubuthelwa empini, futhi wahlubula iqhawe lezikhulu zefa labo eliphambili ukuze bathwale izinkemba emphakathini. OwayenguSamurai waphoqelelwa ukuba athole ukuphila njengabahwebi, abalimi, noma amaphoyisa. Abaningi babekucasukela ukuguquka kwesimanje ababekubona njengokukhaphela komphefumulo waseJapane, okwaholela ekuvukeleni ukuvukela okunjengokweSisauma uHlabagebengu ka - 1877, ukuma kokugcina kweSamurai engokwesiko.

[[FUMT:0] URurounini Kenshin udonsa igwebu lomlando eliwujuqu eqhingani lakhe. UKenshin ngokwakhe walwela uhlangothi lwe-imperial phakathi neBakamatsu, kodwa waqaphela ukuthi uhulumeni omusha wayekwazi ukonakala nonya njengomdala. Unecala lakhe ngokwengxenye lisuka olwazini lokuthi ukubulala kwakhe kwasiza ukuzalwa kombuso owawuzoshiya nokushushisa ibutho lawo siqu. UFanshio Makoto, owayekade wakhashelwa uhulumeni weMeiji futhi washiywa ufile, umuntu owenza intukuthelo yalabo abalahliwe umlando. Inguquko ka-Shioshi eson esonkile kaBushdoda . inkolelo yokusindisa kobukhali lapho idla i-cri eqinile.[ique i-cri ye-cri eqinile, ewubonisa ukukhohliswa kwecala lokuphatha ngonya.

Ngakho loluchungechunge lusebenzisa isimo salo hhayi nje njengesisekelo kodwa njengenjini elandisayo ephoqelela bonke abantu ukuba babhekane nombuzo ofanayo: Yini eba khona ngodumo, ukwethembeka, nesibopho lapho izwe elabadala lingasekho?

Izindikimba Eziyinhloko KuRurouni Kenshin Nasemisukeni Yazo Eyi - Bushido

Ngalé kokulandelana kwezenzo nedrama engokomlando, uRurouni Knshin [ uhlanganisa izihloko eziningana ezithinta ngokujulile isiko lamaSamurai kuyilapho futhi ukhuluma ngezinkinga zamanje.

Ukushintsha Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ukusuka e-Edo kuya eMeiji kuyisingathekiso sokuguqulwa komuntu siqu. Umzabalazo kaKenshin wokuveza ukuthi ungubani njengesibonisi sikaBattōsai izibuko zeJapane umzabalazo wokuzilungisa ngokwawo ngaphandle kokulahla ifa layo elingokwesiko. UBushido, owake waba yisiqondiso esiwusizo kumaqhawe, uba ikhampasi yomuntu siqu yokuziphatha ezweni lapho izinkemba zithathelwa indawo izibhamu namasudi aseNtshonalanga. Loluchungechunge lusikisela ukuthi isisekelo sangempela somoya wesamurai asikho ekunamatheleni ezimweni eziphelelwe isikhathi kodwa ikhono lokuzivumelanisa kuyilapho kulondoloza izindinganiso eziyisisekelo ezinjengobubele nobulungisa.

Izindleko Zobudlova

Ngokungafani nezenzo eziningi eziye zabekwa i-amime, i-Rurounini Kenshin ayibukhanyi ubudlova. iKenshin ihlushwa yilokho okufana nokucindezeleka kwangemva komjikelezo: isandla sayo sokunene siyathuthumela lapho iphoqelelwa ukuba ilwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi “Battōsai" umuntu osongela ukuphinde iphinde ihlale. Izisulu zakudala nemikhaya yazo zibonakala njengezikhumbuzo eziphila zosizi oluhlwayo. Ngisho nezitha zivame ukuvezwa ngohlupho oluhlasizayo, kuboniswa ukuthi ukuchitheka kwegazi. Lokhu kugcizelela ubungcwele bokuphila kukaBushido.Nkukugcizelela ngobungcwele beqhawe, futhi uchungechunge lugcizelela njalo ukuthi izinhlu ezisindayo zibonakala ngomuntu osindayo.

Ubungane Njengokwethembeka Kwanamuhla

Lapho kungekho amakhosi alinganayo, izibopho phakathi komkhaya we-dojo ziba insika eyinhloko yokuphila kukaKenshin. uRurounini Kenshin uReimages ukwethembeka njengegunya elisuka phezulu phakathi kwabalinganayo kunokusuka e-vassal enkosini. Ukwethembeka okunonya kuKaoru kuzizwa ngefa likayise, uYahiko ukuzimisela kwakhe ukuba abe iSamurai ovikela ababuthakathaka, kanye noSanosukelo lokuma ngabangane bakhe kunoma iyiphi impi. Lokhu kuveza ukuzithoba kokuzithandela kwethu komunye umuntu njengokubophana kanye nokukhokha ifa komunye.

Udumo Lomuntu Siqu Kuqhathaniswa Nokulindela Okuvamile

Abameleli babhekana ngokuphindaphindiwe nezimo lapho udumo lomphakathi nokuziphatha komuntu siqu kungqubuzana khona. IKenshin ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengegwala noma isiwula yilabo abakholelwa ukuthi iqhawe kumelwe libulale izitha zalo. Kodwa yenqaba ukuphula isifungo sayo, ibheka umthetho wayo siqu ngokugcona abanye. Lempi yangaphakathi iveza isimiso sobuqotho: i-samurai kumelwe ibhekwe njengeqiniso kuye ngokwakhe ngisho noma izwe liyibheka njengehlazisayo.

Ububele Njengamandla Eqiniso

Mhlawumbe ukuchazwa kabusha okukhulu kakhulu kwe-Bushido uRurouni Kenshin kunyuswa kozwela kubuhle obuphakeme kakhulu. Izitha zikaKenshin zihlala zishaqeka ngokuthi akakuthathi ukuphila kwazo lapho enamathuba. Isihe sakhe sivame ukuphula umjikelezo wempi, siguqulela ababebalwa ebuhlotsheni obuseduze. Lokhu akuvezwa njengobuthakathaka kodwa njengokubonakaliswa kwamandla ajulile angaphakathi. I - samurarairai yabona ubuhle njengompheleli odingekayo ekhonweni lokulwa; uKenshin ubonisa ukuthi kungaba isikhali sokugcina, siqeda inzondo ngokuphumelelayo kunanoma yisiphi isikhali.

Ukuhlenga Okuhlala Njalo Kwebhushido Ekulandiseni Kwanamuhla

I-Rurounini Kenshin ayisungulanga ukukhanga kwanamuhla nge-samurai, kodwa yafeza indima ebalulekile ekufunyaniseni i-Bushido yembulunga yonke. Ngapha nangapha isebenza njenge Akra Kurosada, Samura Champloo , futhi imidlalo yevidiyo enjenge-[FLTF:] ihost yeTsushima[[[FLTLT]], uchungechunge luyifaka esingeni esizweni sendaba esibanzi ngemithetho yempi ebonakala ingaphandle futhi incomekayo: ukuzama kwayo okungahlazinzisiyo, ukufuna isilinganiso sobukhulu, amaphutha.

Abafundi nezibukeli ezidonselwa endabeni kaKenshin ngokuvamile bazithola befaka imvunulo emlandweni wangempela walendaba eqanjiwe. Ukubuyiselwa kweMeiji, i Shinsengumi, kanye noHlumo lwe-Sassasum akuyona nje imiklamo kodwa izicabha zokuqonda inkathi eguqulayo emlandweni weJapane. Imivubukulo enjenge [[[FLT:]] Britannica ungeno lweMeiji Reconst [[FLT:] [FULT]] [UFUR: 1] inikeza umongo ojulile ongokomlando, kuyilapho isazi se-Mobioshido iveza inguquko yenkathi [[FLT:] [FLT] [3] engochungechungeni oluwuchungechungeni lodwa.[FLT] [F]

Isiphetho

Imithetho yeSamurai ayibekezeli ngoba inikeza ipulani elula yokuziphatha kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ilwisana nokungavumelani okungapheli phakathi komsebenzi nesifiso, amandla nobumnene, isiko nokushintsha. Ruurounini Kenshin [ uthatha lokhu kucindezeleka futhi uyigqokise ngezimpawu ezingenakukhohlakala kanye nokuphambana okungokomzwelo, ukwenza ifilosofi engokomlando itholakale ngaphandle kokuyiphanga ubunkimbinkimbinkimbinkimbi bayo. I-Hindura inkemba ka-Himurade iba uphawu olungekhona lobuthakathaka beqhawe kodwa lokunqaba kwakhe ukuvumela umjikelezo wobudlova ukuba uchaze. Ezweni ngokuvamile elibonakala lifuna ukweqikelele, uchungechunge lunikeza umfanekiso ogqamile walokho okuphila ngalo ngesimiso somoya. Ukuqonda lokhu ngokuqondene nokwazisa kwalo ngosizo lwencubangongothi kuphela kodwa uyakwazi ukuveza inzuzo yethu kodwa lusibheka futhi ukuthi siphila.