I-Manga iguqukele yaza yaba yimo yezobugcisa ehlabathini lonke, kodwa umphefumlo wayo uhlala usekelwe ngokunzulu kubugcisa be-inki. Kudala ngaphambi kokuba amacwecwe obugcisa kunye neepeni aqhubeke esetyenziswa, abazobi be-manga basebenza ngeebrashi, ii-ibs, ii-milli, i-ink, nephepha, bechitha iiyure zomsebenzi obalulekileyo kwiphepha ngalinye. Le ndlela yokusebenza ngesandla i-inki ayiyodwa nje intsingiselo esezantsi yezobugcisa; lulwimi oluphilayo oluqhubeka luchaza ibali, ukwakhiwa, nobuhle besixhobo sobugcisa. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela zobugcisa zobugcisa zobugcisa eziqhelekileyo zityhila ingqeqesho, incoko yababini, inkcukuthulo, kunye nentanda-ntandabulumko esemva kwezinye iingoma ezithandwayo zehlabathi. Oku kuhlola imbali, iinkcubazo zendalo, kunye nempembelelo ehlala ihleli kwizithethe zobugcisa, apho kubhiyokubhiyo nakubhiyo.

Imvelaphi yeInk Manga: Ukusuka ku-Ukiyo-e ukuya kubugcisa bale mihla bobugcisa be-Comic

Impembelelo Ye - Ukiyo

Ukuqonda i-ink manga, kuqala kufuneka ujonge kwi-Ukiyo-e clock ebhaliweyo yexesha le-Edo (1603-1868). Olu bunzima buvezwe imifanekiso yabadlali be-kabuki, ii-housesans, iingingqi, kunye neeNtsomi ezisungulweyo ezibonelelweyo ezizakuba yi-mantam. Abazobi abafana noKatsukahokusai no Utagayo Kiniyoshi bafunda ngokukhalipha, intsingiselo yegama layo, iqulukwa nentelelo olunamandla ethethayo kunye nemifanekiso ethetha kancinci. [i-FT] [[10] Imigaqo evezwe ngu-FS] [1]

Oovulindlela Bokuqala Abangamaga

Utshintsho olusuka kwimifanekiso edumileyo ukuya kwimicu yamahlaya elandelelanayo yaqala ngamandla ngexesha leTaisho (1912-1926) kwaye kwasekuqaleni kwe-Show (1926-1998). Amaxesha oovulindlela abafana noKitazawa Rakuten no Ippei Okamoto adale iipesenti ezidibeneyo ze-inkcapy ne-inkigrograpy, ezisebenza ngesantya sesantya semihla ngemihla. Ezi zizo zobugcisa zixhomekeke kwimingxube ye-Rakuten [[FL:0] Jiga zabonisa ukukhulula, ukubiza iintambo zephepha ezathimba amandla okusebenza kobomi banamhlanje basedolophu, ngoxa i-Okatotototo ikhupha imidathatho yeqela lezinto ezifunze i-Indiyan, i-ephaka, i-ephaka ebanzi ye-ocensitike, i-oce i-oce yasebenzisa i-octus esezantsi ye-P.

Undoqo WeeManga Zobugcisa Besithethe

I-ink manga ayibobuchule bokwenza imigca kodwa kudityaniswa komaleko womsebenzi wemigca, imfihlo, uhlobo, kunye nokwenziwa kwephepha ngalinye. Iphepha ngalinye lifuna umzobi ukucwangcisa imigca yokutsala ngokuchanekileyo, kuba inki isisigxina kwaye ulungiso lusebenza ngokusisigxina. Amacandelo alandelayo aphula iibloko zokwakha ezisembindini.

Ubugcisa bomgca kunye nobuchule bebrashi

Umgca ungowomqhawe. Kwisandla somzobi onobuchule, ukubethwa ngumzimba omnye kungachaza ubunzima, uhlobo, isantya kunye neemvakalelo. Ukubophelela kukwenza ubuchule obungaqhelekanga kunokusebenzisa umatshini.

Ubunzima Bomgca Ohlukeneyo Nemibetho Enamandla

Umahluko olawulwayo wobubanzi bemigca yeminye yeempawu ezibonakala kakuhle ze ink manga. Ngokutshintsha uxinzelelo kwibrashi okanye kwipeni edidayo, umzobi wenza imingxuma enyukayo ne-athom. Imigca eqinileyo inika uqilima kwinani elingaphambili nezinto ezinzima, ngoxa iintambo ezintle zeenwele zicebisa iimpawu ezibukhali, iinkcukacha ezikude, okanye ubuthambeka bomoya ojikelezayo. Le ndlela, isoloko incitshiswa yi-inkiptong eyaziwa ngokuba yi- jinimi, inika ingqiqo yobukhulu kunye nobomi obufanayo obuzama ukuphindaphindwa. Izenzo zixhomekeke kwisibindi, ukubetha ngamandla okukhawulezelayo; ukumila kwemigca echaza indlela eshukuma ngamaxesha athe nkqo.

Ubuchule Benyuke Netome

Amagama amabini aseJapan afumana intsingiselo yolawulo lwesithethe. uchaza umgama ohambayo oya kwi-tem-line yezinwele, osukayo ngokungathi ibrashi isusiwe phakathi kwe-35motion. Le ndlela ithambisa imiqukumbelo kwaye ilungele ukuqukuqela komsi, okanye umsi ohambayo wemigca yesantya. [[FLT:] , kwelinye icala, ikwindawo ebotshelelwe ngabom, ime ngokuqina, ngokujinga kufutshane okungena kwisiphelo se-k, kwaye ilungele ukuqukumbela komgca othe kokugqibela. Inkosi idlala phakathi kwe-ke nomememe ukuya kuvumela umzobini ukuba ingqameko. Inkcaciso yebhatyi, okanye igoboti elibukhali, okanye igobe igobe, igobe igobe igobe igobe, igobe igobe igobe igobe igophe igobe igophe igophe igophe elitheyo, xa ithene

Name

Xa ibrashi efakwe iink16 esezantsi emanzini okanye isetyenziswa ngoxinzelelo olukhawulezayo, lokukhanya, umlinganiselo wohlobo ophukileyo, owaziwayo njenge [[FLT: 0] i-kafire iyavela. Le mpembelelo eyomileyo yebhrashi yongeza uburhabaxa kumatye, igxolo, okanye imo yezulu enobugophe kwaye iyakwazi ukudlulisela imvakalelo yesenzo esikhawulezayo okanye ubudala. Ngokungafaniyo neqampulo, i-kafiso iyazenzeka kwaye ishiyeka rhoqo, abazobi abasebenza ngokukhawuleza baze bathembe izixhobo zabo. Ubuchule bongeza uburhatya obunewu kwi-fishinigliji, apho ubuhle be-palk kwimigca bulinganiswa kakhulu njengezithuba zayo.

Ukugudisa nokubhala: Ubunzulu bobugcisa kunye nendlela yokusebenza

Ngaphaya kwemiba, ukuveliswa kwamaphepha abonisa imo-zulu, umlinganiso, nobunzima beemvakalelo. Umsebenzi we inki wesithethe unika incwadi, enye indlela enesivakalisi kuthambeko lwamanani, uvelisa izinto ezivakala zisebenza lula kwaye zingenakuthathelwa indawo.

Ukukhwela, ukunqamleza nokungquzula

Umbindi womthunzi wobuchule bokukhupha isandi obufana nobobomgcin, kodwa busetyenziswa nge-manga greenfevere. Ukusebenzisa imigca enxuseneyo ````````Iimigca''' icebisa isithunzi, isalathiso, okanye ubunjani belaphu obuxhomekeke kwimigca enqamlezileyo ne-engile. [[FLT]] [[FLT]][FLT]][FLT]] imaleko edibanisa imigca enzobileyo, isoloko ibonwa kwiindawo ezishukuma, isibhaka, okanye ixesha elimangalisayo lesiphithiyo esiphakathi kweliso. [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [FFLT:5], ukufakwa komlinganiselo othe ngqo, ukusetyenziswa ukudibanisa iincuthe-ea, ukudibanisa iincurces, okanye ukudibanisa iincuka, zonke iinkwenkwezi ezibetho zodidi ezintathu, ezithe zidibana neendawo ezincinane, ezithe zidibanayo, kunye nezingqingqibileyo, kunye nezingqine

I - inki Ihlanjwayo NeBokashi

Enye yezona ndlela zobugcisa ziqhelekileyo iquka ukunyibilikisa i-cumi inki ukuvelisa i-hashes. Indlela, efana nombala wamanzi, ivumela umzobi ukuba alale phantsi ngesandi esingwevu ngebrashi, akhe amathunzi nemvelaphi ethambileyo. Igama lesiJapan bokashi[FLD] [[FLD]] [iiiiiii] chaza isandi esithe ngcembe esifuthi ngqo esifunyathi sifunyathiswa kukulawula ukufuma ephepheni. Igxawada edityani liyakwazi ukubeka isimbo sokuthonga siphela, isitrato esimnyama, igumbi esimnyama, ukuzolileyo, ukuzola kwe-ewe . Ngenxa yokuba ukuhlamba okuzidityayo kufakwe kwi-mentshini, ukufuduza nokufutha kwe-medio.

Iintambo zekhusi nePateni zesandla

Ngaphambi kokuba izikhalo zekhusi zemivo zidibane, abazobi basebenzisa amaphepha ancamathelayo efilimu e-oyile, aqala ukuthunyelwa eJapan ngoo 1960. La “maza eskrini” ayephethe amachaphaza afanayo, imigca, okanye amabala enkwenkwezi anokusikwa ngemexiti ekhusi kwaye atshiswe kwizobugcisa bakuqala. Inqanawa ebandakanya kungekuphela nje ukwenziwa kakuhle kodwa namandla okukrwela amacandelo esandi ngente e-e-e-erocking, ubuchule obaziwa ngokuba yiroru. Nanamhlanje, i-purists idibanisa iindidi ezitheneyo ngemiculo eqinileyo, igcina umgca omnyama ngexesha lokusika, ukuzobakhanda, nokutshisa, ukuqinisa i-active, iphepha elincinci, kunye nokuqinisa i-agrognote-od trams.

Ukwakhiwa kweNto kunye nokuXhotywa

Ubuchule bobugcisa abunanjongo ininzi ukuba indawo yolawulo ayikhokeli iliso lomfundi. Ngokwesiko i-ink manga ifumana imigaqo encanyathiselwe ngokunzulu engqibelelweni kwi-okhestrate iphepha elihambayo. Ingcamango ye enophawuan, ukudityaniswa okudibeneyo kokukhanya nezithuba ezimnyama, ukuchaza ukubekwa kwembonakalo emnyama nemhlophe engenanto. Imimandla emikhulu emnyama-okthathukileyo, esetyenziswa ngokukhawulezileyo ngebrashi yebrashi ekhawulezileyo [“e-ii-ankile ezibonakalayo, ezikwaziyo, ukuveza uphawu okanye umzuzu wonyaka othe tyaba. Isikhala, uphawu olubonisayo [[FLT] , ukwazisa ukuzonwa, ukuzonwa, ukushukuma, okanye ukubonakalisa. Imvuzo zobugcisa zisebenzisa zombini iintambo zemigca, kwaye zijonga kwimidadi yenqanawa ekhohlo, imbono ekwindawo ekwindawo elungelela elungileyo, kodwa imbono ekwindawo elula, kodwa imbono yemvula,

Izixhobo Zegcisa: Izinto Nentsingiselo Yazo

Iink manga eqhelekileyo ayinakuqhawulwa kwizixhobo zayo eziphathekayo. isixhobo ngasinye sivelisa uhlobo oluthile lobugcisa, yaye indlela ekhethwa ngayo imbonakalo yomntu ibonakalisa indlela acinga ngayo.

Iibrashi neePeni

Igcisa lineebhrashi ezininzi zezixhobo: i-compinfory float ([[FLT: 0]] ifaka ipeni (] i-tsukepen[]), kwaye i-flurines. Ibhulashi enkulu ethambileyo ithwala i-inki kwaye isetyenziswa ekuvuleni iindawo ezimnyama, isibhakabhaka, okanye ithunzi eliqinileyo. [FLT] inks[5] [iindlela enzima] [iicebo] ishiya ishiya i-flayensiggggs, ishiya umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwenbbini yayo ethambileyo, iyenza isixhobo sokubala elimnyama. [i-Flate, i-Flans] kunye ne-ejupects. [impeev] kunye ne-oceflate.[10]

Iinkonkxa Neentaka

Iindidi ezimbini ze-ink zibalaselisa i-manga engokwesithethe: i-Indiya ink kunye nomgangatho ophezulu [[FLT: 0] izimi ezi-ink. i-india ink ixatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokunzulu kwayo, imnyama nongaguquguqukiyo, inika ujiko oluninzi lwe-gray, olumnyama nolungaguquguqukiyo, oluthintiyo, olunamanzi amanzi ahlala amanzi. Abazobini bafaka umlinganiselo wabo kwi-k-mantonga ye-manto. [[FLTLT:4] SSIM ink, enziwe ngokunjalo nangeengangephithi ye-masti, inika umlinganiselo ogqithisileyo we-grain xa inyibili ye-oktoliki yesandla.

Iphepha: Ilaphu Lokukhetha

Iphepha lombhalo wesandla we Manga ([FLT: 0] imankan kami) ijijwe ukuba inyamezele ubunzima bokuhamba ngaphandle kokopha. Ineziphumo ezingaveliyo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imigaqo yemida yendawo yolawulo, iintambo zokulungelelanisa, kunye nemimandla ephumayo. Umphezulu ogudileyo uvumela ii-nibs ukuba zihambe ngelixesha zisanikela nje izinyo elaneleyo ukulawula istroke; iphepha elibangela ukutshatsha, ngelixa iphepha elifuthayo libangela ukubhabhabha, ngoxa ipeyithi eninzi kakhulu ibangela ukushukuma kwephepha okulula. Ubukhulu becala i-washi [ish] (iphepha eliqhelekileyo)] maxa lisetyenziswa ngenxa yendlela elungileyo yokulungisa nokugcina iinkozoko. Ukusebenzisa unyango oluninzi olufunxa-mso lwephepha, umlinganiselo othe kwicala lokulungisa ipetropt symp.

Iingcali zobugcisa: Imizobo yemifanekiso yomqondiso kunye nobugcisa Bayo

Xa uhlola ubuchule benkangeleko ye-manka ichaza indlela eme ngayo igalelo lohlobo lomntu. Osamu Tezuka[[FLT]], “uThixo weManga,” uxhomekeke kwisixhobo esicocekileyo se G.PHPNP [FFF: 3] udidi lwendlela yokufumana umendo we-metavision. Ubuchule bakhe be-metaphois, apho izibalo ziguqukayo kumda we-inko, zishiyeka zingakho. [[FFFF] ugg qhany: [ugqq, umqulu] umqulu omninzi wohlobo [unyaka omninzi] [unyaka omninzi we-FFFFFF] uyakwazi ukucinga umlinganiselo [ufulmgathe , umqulu othengwa yingxaki kuhlobo olumnyama] [unyu, umqulu othe `Nt.]

Ukuguquka Kwamanani Nokulondolozwa Kwesithethe

Unyuko lwamacwecwe okuzoba kunye ne-software enjenge-Clip Studio Peach ngokungathandabuzekiyo iguqule imveliso ye-manga. Ubuchule, imiyalelo yokubuyisela, kunye nokunika imiyalelo yamanani ekhawulezileyo inika inzuzo enyanzelisayo. Kodwa ixesha lobugcisa aliyicimanga inki yesithethe; endaweni yoko, iye yaphinda yatshintsha indima yayo yaza yavuselela uxabiso ngokwenziwa.

Izixhobo zamanani v. Ink

Iibrashi zamanani ngoku zifanise i Gûpens, iipeni, kunye nesiphumo esingaqhelekanga sokuthembeka, ukulinganisa ukutshebeleza nokuchaphaza kweminxeba yokwenene. Kubenzi abaninzi abatsha, icwecwe linqaku elinokufikeleleka kwaye lixolela. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwephepha elixholiweyo, ukuzinikela okungalungisekiyo kwemigca emnyama, kunye nobuchule bobugqwirha bomzimba, kunye nobezobugcisa obungalawulekiyo bomntu okwinfako olukwinfa-splatter ayinakulinganiswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuxhobisa ingqiqo ecwangcisiweyo ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa, ukwamkela ukungafezeki, nokufumana intetho eqeqesha iliso neliso eliqhutywa ngamehlo ngendlela engenakutshintshwa. Abalawuli abaninzi bezobugcisa bagxininisa ukuba ukuzithoba ngohlobo olunyulucoceke ngokupheleleyo, oko kunegalelo kwimeko oluthe ngqo, ukuswe kwemikrozo lwemipu yokuqala, oko kunegalelo kwintelelo yokuqala kumazwi amaphepha okuqala.

Ukuphuphuma Komsebenzi Ochuliweyo Nokuvuseleleka

Iingcali ziya zisebenzisa indlela edibeneyo: zisebenzisa ipensile kunye ne-inki ngesandla ephepheni, zize zivavanye umzobo okwisigqibo esiphezulu sokusebenzisa amanani, umbala, kunye nezilungiso zokugqibela. Oku kulondoloza ubunjani beminxeba kunye nohlobo lwendalo ngexesha zisetyenziswa ngeli xesha. Imiboniso enjengale British Museum ye-“Manga” ibonisa [ kunye nengqokelela esisigxina yemiqathango yemizingezo yehlabathi yemiziko-Manga] yezizwe ngexesha lemvelinge [[[FLT]]] ibhincwa ngomsila njengezinto zempucuko, iphakamisa ngaphezu kokuzonwabisa okulahlwayo. Iprothesko eTokyo ifundisa ngokusila, ukucutha, ukuhambisa, nokulungisa i-adiza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inzala yesizwe esikwimo sesithethe se-Falgractivesting i-egney.

Umtsalane Ohlala Uhleli We - Ink Manga

Kutheni iink ikwazi ukuphatha amandla kwisizukulwana sekhusi eliphezulu? Impendulo ikwimo emhlophe yolwelo olubonakalayo kunye nobukho bomntu. Iphepha ngalinye elikhatyiweyo yinto eyodwa: ingxelo ecacileyo yentshukumo yomzobi, impemo, kwaye kwaneempazamo. Inkozo ezincinci ze-comi, i-quamidi ethambekileyo yesandi esisikwe, intlungwayo solwelo olumhlophe , oluneempawu zokungalungisi olubonisa ubunyani kunye nobugcisa. Kwimpucuko enika intsingiselo engakumbi yendlela yokwenza izinto, i-manga iphepha lomqulu kunye nobugcisa obuhle. Abaqokeleli bahlawula iintengo zemali eziphawulekayo ze-"[[FLT:] [[FLT]] [ultscrip], kunye nodwebo lwemiboniso lwezingxube ezibonisa iimbono ze-mankamfo ezininzi ze-intanethi ze-intanethi.

Amacebiso Kubenzi Bemanga Abanemizimba Entle

Kubo bakulungeleyo ukungenela lo mkhwa ufuna imali eninzi kodwa onomvuzo, imigaqo embalwa esisiseko inokuyicombulula le ngxaki yokufunda:

  • Bhegin ngesiseko: Umqheliso woqheliso lwentambo yokubhola, ukuvuleka, nokungqubana kwephepha lombhalo wesandla osusiweyo yonke imihla. Yakha inkumbulo yezihlunu phambi kokuzama amaphepha apheleleyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ingena phambili kwizixhobo zobunjani: A iGēpen yokwenyaniso yase Japhane, ibhotile ye sumi ink, kunye nephepha elifanelekileyo lemanga lizakukufundisa okungaphezulu kunezinto ezinokuthatyathwa endaweni yexabiso eliphantsi. Funda ukucoca nokugcina iinibs zakho ukwenzela umsebenzi ongaguquguqukiyo.
  • Yifundeni iingcaphephe: umzila (wofundisiso lobuqu) okanye utsale kwakhona iindawo zolawulo ukusuka eTezuka, eMizuki, e-Otomo, kunye nabazobi bakho obathanda ukufunxa uqoqosho lwemigca nezigqibo ezide.
  • [[FLT: 0] Intsika ehlala ihleli: Musa ukuthembela ekutyhaleni. Ceba ustroke ngamnye ngengqondo phambi kokuchukumisa usiba. Iimpazamo zidla ngokuba ziingozi ezivuyisayo ezidibanisa uphawu olwahlukileyo.
  • Uphando nge-warhes: i-inki ye-cunte sumi ukukhangela ulawulo lwe-nal. Ukuhlamba enye kungadlulisela imvakalelo ngokukhawuleza kuneeyure zokuchana.
  • Gcina ulindixesha wobuchule: Qaphela ukuba liliphi iphepha neinki ezivelisa iziphumo ezithile. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kuba yincwadi yakho yokwenza ipeyinti yobuqu.
  • Imisebenzi ye Attend ukuba kuyenzeka: iimyuziyam ezininzi zemanga kunye namaziko obugcisa asekuhlaleni anikezela ngojiko-jiko okanye iiklasi zengingqi ze-intanethi ezigquma ibrashi kunye nesicelo sesandi.

Xa sele uqalisile, ezi ndlela zikunika amandla okutyhalela imida ngoxa uhlala unxibelelene nomnombo wobugcisa otyebileyo.

Isiphelo: Umgca Odibanisa Izizukulwana

Ubugcisa be-ink manga bungaphezulu kakhulu kunendawo engaqhelekanga. Lulwimi olunamandla, oluqeqeshekileyo oluye lwanxibelelana novuyo, usizi, isenzo, kunye nokucamngca ngethuba elingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Lonke imigca yebrashi ithwala ubunzima bembali ngexesha ivula amathuba angenakuchazwa. Njengoko izixhobo zobugcisa ziguqula, iingcambu ze ink userver/intenmentality, uluvo kwizixhobo, nobuhle besandla esingafezekanga, zihlala zifundisa njenganini naphakade. Ngokuhlola nokugcina ezi ndlela, abazobi bobugcisa nabaxhasi ngokufanayo baqinisekisa ukuba ukubetha kwemiqhawe kuza kuqhubeke nokubetha kwi kgsokipt transtallssssssss ezakuza izizukulwana ezizayo.

Ukuhlolisisa nzulu umboniso wogcino-lwazi lwemanga, tyelela [[FLT: 0] inxuwa elisemthethweni le-'FLT''', khangela i British umzi womboniso weManga], kwaye ufunde malunga ne-comidi kwinkcubeko yesithethe kwi [[FLT: 4.] izijungqu ze Japhano ze .[FLT]] Kyoto International Manga Museum[FLT:]] inikeza ujongo olungenakulinganiswa nayo kwimibhalo yokuqala yobugcisa kunye nezixhobo ezisemva kwayo.