Uhambo ukusuka kwiphepha elishicilelweyo ukuya kwikhusi elinomtsalane lunye lotoliko, ubuchule, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa. Iqonga loopopayi lisebenza ixesha elide njengabaguquleli benkcubeko, lithatha iimo zobume bangaphakathi benoveli kwaye liziveza ngokucacileyo, ngendlela eshukumayo. Ngombala, ukushukuma, kunye nesandi, zivula imilinganiso eboniswa ngamazwi kuphela. Eli nqaku lihlola indima yeeqonga zokuzisa ubomi ngokudibanisa iinoveli ngokuqwalasela inkqubo yobuchule nokuhlola iimeko ezine ezibonisa indlela amaqela ahlukeneyo nezithethe ezibamba ngayo ubugcisa obunentethelekelelo.

Ukuqonda Indlela Yokuzilungisa

Ukujika inoveli ibe ngumboniso okanye ungcelele lweziganeko ezichazweyo kufuna okungaphezulu kunokubhala nje kuphela. Kufuna umxholo onzulu, ingcaciso yengqondo, nokutshintsha kwelizwi lombhali. Inxalenye nganye yemveliso iwutshintsha ngokuthembeka umgaqo webali (okanye maxa wambi indlela entsha yokuyila) efikelela abaphulaphuli.

Ukukhetha Imvelaphi Efanelekileyo

Unqanda lokuqala kukwahlula inoveli enokuthi ibali layo lizifunela ukwenziwa koopopayi. Studios ikhangela iingxelo ngemisebenzi ekhoyo ebonakala ngamandla, abasebenzi abanyanzelisayo, kunye nemixholo enokuvakala kwinani labemi. Iincwadi ezinemimiselo ecacileyo, umzobo wesidewuli, okanye umahluko wemvakalelo zisoloko ziguqulelwa kakuhle kuba ulinganiso lungaguqula nyani into elula ngaphandle kokwaphulwa. Izicwangciso zokuthengisa, iintsingiselo ezikhoyo, kunye nolungelelwaniso nophawu lobukho be studio nazo zinegalelo kwisigqibo.

Uphuhliso lweskripti kunye nokufunyanwa kwamalungelo

Xa inoveli inyulwe, amalungelo okuzimela athe abekwa phambili. Izivumelwano zomthetho zichaza umlinganiselo wenkululeko yokudala, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ababhali okanye iindawo zihlala zivunywa kukhetho olungundoqo lobugcisa. Umbhali weskripti ngoko ukhwela kumsebenzi onzima wokuhlanganisa amakhulukhulu amaphepha ngexesha elinokulawuleka. Iqela elisezantsi lingabalula, abasebenzi badityaniswe, kunye nencoko ephinda-phindwayo ukuze ixelwe kakuhle. Ikhusiselo oluphumelelayo lugcina isiseko sendlela ephathekayo yencwadi ngexesha lokwenza ibhanti yengxelo esebenzayo kwiskrini. Ngokufuthi, olu luhlu lubandakanya iidrafti ezininzi nencoko eziqhubekayo nabalayishici, abashici bolwazi, nabacebisi benkculo.

Uphawu kunye noyilo lwemeko

Phambi kokuba ifreyimu enye ibonakale, ukubonakala kokuziqhelanisa kukhiwe ngengcinga. Abayili bophawu bafunda iinkcazelo zencwadi baze bazichaze ngelensi efana nesandi seprojekthi. "iyijonge bhanya, i-sthmetic, metrial, okanye into engabonakaliyo. Oku kusingqongileyo kucingelwa phantsi kwenkcukacha encinane: ukukhanya, ukwakhiwa, kunye nemibala ebangela ukuba imbonakalo yebali ibonakale. Le ndlela isebenza njengendlela yokubona, iqinisekisa ukulingana kwamakhulukhulu eegcisa kunye nezithoba.

Ukubethwa kweebhodi kunye nokubonwa kuqala

Ukuququzelela i screads kuguqulo loxwebhu kulandelelwano lweendawo zolawulo ezima kapu ii-engile zekhamera, i-pag, kunye nezenzo ezingundoqo. Kulapha umalathisi kuqala “ubona” umfanekiso-bhanyabhanya. Uhlenga-hlengiso kwisingqi, ixesha lobuhlanya, okanye isibham esichukumisayo senziwe ixesha elide phambi kokuba umsebenzi woopopayi oxabiso uqalise. Kukhutshwayo lwangoku, i-anamatics/rough iinguqulelo zemifanekiso enemikhondo yexeshana/help kuconux nochazo lwemingxube.

Ukwenziwa koopopayi

Ngeplani etshixiweyo, imveliso ikhabela kwigiyari ephezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yestudio, oku kungabandakanya iiseli ezitsalwa ngesandla, ii-cells ze-2D, 3D-demogry zekhompyutha, imisa indlela yokusebenza, okanye indlela yokungena exubileyo. Abadlali belizwi baphefumla ubomi kubasebenzi, kwaye abaqambi benza izalathiso eziqinisa iimvakalelo ngaphantsi koluvo. Umalathisi kunye nesebe bakhokelela ekulondolozeni irhintyelo oluzinzileyo, ukuphonononga yonke indawo ecacileyo kunye nesiphumo. Inkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-afromeding, ngokufuthi iyanwebeka ngethuba elidukileyo, elidla ngokunwebekayo kwiminyaka emininzi.

Isifundo Setyala 1: Studio Ghibli nesithi “Inqaba Efudukayo YeHowl”

Inowudi kaDiana Wynne Jones ka 1986 iHowl’s Moving Castle yanika u-Hayao Miyazaki izithako zenye yeefilimu zeStudio Ghibli ezijolise phambili nezichuliweyo kwezobupolitika. Ngaphandle, inqaku lilandela uSophie Hatter, umenzi wengcina-ntloko encinane oqalekisiweyo webhinqa elikhulileyo, elifuna ukusabela kwinqaba engaqhelekanga ye-wiltl Howl. UMiyazaki, ngoko ke, ujonga ukucinga kwakhe okuzithandayo `Antine-war, ukulahlekelwa yimfesane, kunye namandla akhuthululayo e-ukucilo lwe-scilo , ukuguqula i-filim e-sciom, ukucana i-ith-ith-iths show show show show show show.

Inkqubela-phambili yeskripthi yashiya isakhiwo esibalulekileyo kule ncwadi. Isakhiwo senoveli se-episodic, kunye neSophie etyelela iinguqulelo ezininzi zexesha elidlulileyo le-Hol, yajikelezwa kwisakhiwo esithe tyaba esifakwe kwimfazwe eyayibonakala. Le nqaba yaba yindawo ejikelezayo eshukumayo ebonakalisa umbhoxo wobomi bukaHol. Ubuchule buka-Muyazaki kunye neqela le-Ghibli yanika ezi ngcamango: Indlela yokuguqula intaka efana nemfazweni, ukutyhilwa komlilo kweScancifer, kunye no-Sophie yeminyaka etshintshayo yabamba umxube womlingo nowe-omatshini besandla, owenziwe ngohlobo lwasekuqaleni lwe-complitimet , owenziwe yi-Acamine, eve i-Acamine.

Ubuchule bukaGhibli bubonisa indlela ukubona komntu olawulayo okunzulu okunokukwandisa ngayo ukubhalisa ngokweemvakalelo kwenoveli ngoxa igcina intelekelelo yayo esisiseko. Okuninzi ngemveliso nelifa lefilimu kungakhangelwa .Nausia.net, i-Ghibli mveliso ebanzi.

Isifundo semeko 2: Rankin/Bas kunye neTopcraft-"“I Hobbit” (1977)

Kude phambi kokuba uPeter Jackson aphile-action trilogy, ubuchule bokuqala bokuguqula i J.R.R. iTolkien's i Hobit yafika njengomboniso womabonwakude okhethekileyo ovezwe nguArthur Rankin Jr. kunye no Jules Bass, ngoopopayi beqoshanawa ye-Topcraft yase Japhanian. Deyithi ngo 1977, oluphawu lweminowuthi 77 lwazisa isizukulwana kwi Bilbo Baggins, Gandalf, kunye nephulo lokufumana i-Lonely Mountal phantsi kwesithunzi se-Smaug.

Ukukhethwa kwenoveli kaTolkien kwakuyisiqalo esiqinileyo sendlela kamabonwakude, ifuna ukupheliswa kwento eqhubekayo kwingoma eqinileyo, ingoma-enden. Umbhalo wathena intetho ezininzi zencwadi eshicilelweyo. Imbonakalo yendlela yokulungisa, egqithisiweyo eshicilelweyo, ehlalayo eRivendell/ kunye nonyuselo lomgangatho we-reyithing ngomculo wokuqala. Umphumo waba kukukhawuleza, ukuchaza kwakhona okuzukisa umoya wencwadi ngexa ithenjiwe yi-floric. Umyili wophawu wasebenzisa uArth Rackham, unika isithethe esicacileyo esicacileyo nendevulayo, ngelixa ukwenziwa kwe-Gollum-auntaunta, i-edraw.

Olu tshintsho lusendaweni eyodwa kwimbali yoopopayi: abazobi abaninzi bemifanekiso ephezulu, kuquka iStudio Ghibli Ghibli co searers Hayayo Miyazaki kunye ne Isao Takahata, basebenza kwiprojekthi, kwaye ukujika kwe studio ekugqibeleni kufakwe kwiGhibli. Impembelelo yefilimu ehamba kwimizini, ingqina ukuba unobumba othandekayo angafumana iflorant esemva kokufa ngolinganiso. Uvavanyo olunenkcukacha lungafunyanwa ku [[FLT: 0] Brew Brew .

Isifundo setyala 3: Netflix nesithi “Igqwirha: Ihlazo Lenja”

U-Adzej Sapkowski ka-Witch Sapkowski uye wadala ubukhosi obunemiboniso-media, kunye nomfanekiso oshukumayo we-Netflix i-Witch: unxunguphalo lweWolf (201] wathatha indlela elandelelanayo yokuziqhelanisa. Kunokuguqulela ngqo enye incwadi enolwazi, lo mfanekiso unwebisa indalo ngokuhlola umva weVesemir, umcebisi othengiswe kwiGret of Rivia, ekhalisa ibali lokuqala lenkweli elikwihlabathi lase-Sapkowski.

Studio Mir, eyaziwa nge Ibali lobuntwana nexesha lokuvuka kokuziphatha liyilwe kwi memori ye-kinetic 2D kwizinto zephupha elimnyama. Oku kubhaliweyo kwaveliswa ngokunxulumene neqela eliphilayo-ntlola, ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kwento ekhoyo. Ukuziphakamisa kobuntwana nokuphola kokuziphatha kobuntwana kwakhiwe kwisazinge se-stialone esixhobisa iinfom yemvelaphi yento. Izicwangciso zomkhondo zigxininisa imfihlolo ekhali, isangqa sendlela eqinileyo yabantu nengaqhelekanga, ibharothe yocango yerha, ibonakalisa iirharn, i-enografitley. Izenzo zobuncinci ze-iflud, visceracce, kunye ne-exptic transmesssssss train zikhombisa impumelelo esebenzayo. Iplatime-eting i-fotoographic.[3] Ezininzi-fong.[3] Ezininzi-for

Isifundo Setyala 4: UCartoon Salon nothi “Isonka - bharnner”

Deborah Ellis oselula oselula oyinoveli ekhulileyo ithelekisa ibali likaParvana, intombazana eneminyaka eli-11 ubudala eTaliban-era Kabul ezenze imbonakalo yenkwenkwe yokuxhasa intsapho yayo emva kokuba uyise ebanjiwe. Ngonyaka ka2017, i-Irish studio Cartoon Saloon, i-co-production nge-Aircraft Pictures kunye neMerusine Projectos, yayifalula lento ejijijiweyo ethembayo kodwa yazifihlayo kwimbonakalo eyafumana i-Academy Academy i-artmental erriat ye-ignorence ye-operations.

Utshintsho lwahlala luthembekile kakhulu kumoya wenoveli ngeli xesha lusetyenziswayo ukudlulisela ubomi bentsomi yobuchule bayo. UMlawuli uNoran Thomey wasungula indlela efanayo yokuchaza imbali ebonisa imbonakalo: Parvana ichaza intelekelelo kumalungu omntu oyintsapho yakhe, kwaye ezi zigaba zinikezelwa kwiphepha elisikiweyo, isimbo esifana nento eninzi yebhaso-bhaso-bhaso. Oku kugqunywe ngoluvo kuvumela ifilimu ukuba ihlole imixholo yokuzimela, ingqiqo, kwaye imbonakalo yophawu oluqhelekileyo, imigca ecacileyo nengqinelanayo yenkcaciso, isakhiwo, ibala nemibala ephakanyiswe kulwazi olusuka kwiAfghtonvis. [Foner, ubuchule obuyinyani-om, obuveliswe yi-Groueawn, isetyenziswa ngombala othe chudileyo kumhlaba.[4] [F1] [ievennergne]

Impembelelo Yoopopayi Ekuxelweni Kwamabali

Uopopayi bunika izipho ezikhethekileyo kubuchule bokutshintsha indlela yokubhala. Bunokutshintsha isigezo esingaphakathi kunye nemo yembonakalo ibe ngulwimi olufanayo (ekwathi idlulisele ukufikelela kweencwadi kubaphulaphuli abangenakuze badibane namagama ashicilelweyo.

  • [[NTL:0] Ngokuthe ngqo Ukungashenxiswa: Iziqalelo ezididayo eziphila-intshukumo zoqingqo-mali okanye ukumelana nento ziba lulwelo ezandleni zabashukumi. Idemon yomlilo ethethayo njenge Calcifer, i-wizard etshintshayo, okanye iqokobhe le-drako egcina izinto zobuncwane bunganikezelwa ngokuqiniseka okupheleleyo, ukukhulula ababali bebali kwimiqathango.
  • Isivumelwano seemvakalelo esiphakanyisiweyo: abasebenzi abacengcelezekileyo bangakhulisa iimeko ezichuliweyo ngokwentetho egqithisileyo, iinguquko zemibala, kunye nomfuziselo womfuziselo. Ukwaluphala nokuvuselelwa kwakhona kwe Howl's Moving Castle [[[FLT:]] umgama wakhe wangaphakathi ngendlela engenakukwazi ukulinganiswa nokusetyenziswa.
  • Ufikelelo olubanzi nolufunyanweyo lwesithuba sesithuba: Ulinganiso lusoloko lunekhethe elincinane kuneefomati zemifanekiso. Utshintsho olufakelwe kakuhle lungadibanisa abantwana nabantu abadala ngexesha elinye, lumema iintsapho kumava ahlukeneyo anokungenwa yincwadi yenoveli ngokwayo. Umzekelo, iHobit, ukwazisa izigidi zababukeli abaselula kwihlabathi likaTolkien, ingenisa ufundo lwexesha elide.
  • Imposiso kunye nokuqulunqwa kombhalo wemiXholo yeLiterary: ngakuqala ugcino lombhalo osezantsi nomqondiso, ulinganiso lungagcina umbhalo osezantsi ukuba utshintsho lokoqobo lusenokulahleka. Ubalo lwesandla lohlobo lwe iBhinkinner [ ikhuphela ubuchule kunye nonyamezelo lwehlabathi, ngelixa i-mafathonic interlides iqinisa umyalezo ombindi wencwadi malunga namandla ebali.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nezikhombisi

Phezu kwazo nje ezi nzuzo, ukuguqulela inkupho kuzaliswe yimiqobo enokudodobala kwanowona msebenzi uthembisayo.

  • Utshintsho lokwenye indawo oluphikisanayo nolwelayisensi yokudala: Lulonke utshintsho kufuneka lusebenzise uxinzelelo phakathi kokuhlonela imvelaphi kunye nokuyibumba ibe yinto entsha yobugcisa. IStray kude kakhulu, nani bathandi-nto abangaphakathi, hlalani kakhulu, kwaye ungavelisa ikopi yobukhoboka kodwa engekho nto ikhoyo. Isigqibo sika-Miyazaki sokufaka imfazwe yale mihla kwi [[FLT:]] Hayl’s Moding Castle [ sathimba ukugxeka okusuka kwiminye i- purist kwananjengoko kwandisa i-Resona.
  • Udidi kunye noTshakerela Ukulindela: Abaphulaphuli ababini babafundi abazinikeleyo kunye nemikhosi emitsha ukulwakha ibali elisebenza kwimigangatho emibini. Ababhali, abavakalisi, kunye nabaququzeleli bamalungelo banokuba nempembelelo ebangela ukuba izigqibo zokudala zingabi nzima. IRankin/Bas Hobit kufuneka incede zombini izithandi zomphambili kunye nabaphulaphuli abaphambili bexesha elininzi, nto leyo ephumela kwi-ibriginethi engenziwangathandwa ngumntu wonke.
  • Imasti exhobileyo kunye nezibonelelo: ulinganiso oluphezulu lubiza ixabiso kwaye lunexesha elininzi. Iklasidiodiest enjenge Cartoon Salon idla ngokusebenza kwiqhezu loqingqo-mali lwabadlali abakhulu, ifuna izisombululo zobuchule ukugcina ubutyebi bokubona. Iziphene, njengoko kuboniwe ku 1977 Hobit, zinokucinezela ngokusebenza kodwa zikwanomngcipheko oqondwa njengomhla okanye ophantsi.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Novel ebekwe ngokwenkcubeko yenkcubeko ifuna uphando olunzima kwaye isebenzisana rhoqo nabameli boluntu. IBreginer yaphumelela kuba iqela lazitshonisa kwimpucuko ye-AFGAN kwaye laziswa kwizithethe ze-advisors; iinyawo ezingalunganga apha zingakhokelela ekuqukumbeleni nasekulahlekeni.

Iindlela Nezindululo Zexesha Elizayo

Ubume bolwazi olukwinoveli ukuya kukulinganisa buyaqhubeka buguquka, buqhutywa kukutshintsha kobugcisa nokutshintsha indlela abaphulaphuli abasebenzisa ngayo.

I-injini yonikezelo lokwenene ngexesha lokwenene, eyakha yasetyenziswa kwimidlalo yevidiyo, ngoku isetyenziswa ukuchaza iincutshe eziphilizelayo, ivumela abalawuli ukuba bazame ukukhanyisa kunye nokuhamba kwekhamera ngendlela ezinciphisa umqobo wexabiso. Ubuchule bemveliso yenyani izakuthoba utshintsho lolwazi lwencwadi oluphakathi ebelungenakuze lutsale inkxaso-mali. Iqonga elilambele ukuqulunqwa okungaqhelekanga kwe-episodic, sele lifake uthotho olunemikrolo olusekelwe kuludwe lwemigqaba yexabiso elide lophawu lwefolo olude.

Ukuncokola ngebali kunye nento eyenzekayo ithetha umva apho abafundi benokuhlala khona kwizinto abazithandayo kwiincwadi zabo ezincinane ngoopopayi. Zibone uhamba kwinqaba eshukumayo okanye kwizitrato zase Kabul ngexa usenza ukhetho oluyimo yeParvana. Uvavanyo olunjalo lungafuna iintsomi ezintsha kodwa lunika umdla wokudibana kwencwadi. Okwangoku, inkanuko yehlabathi lonke ithetha ukuba ii-stadisko zokulinganisa ngoku zifuna ngamandla iincwadi ezivela kwizithethe zeWestern, zingazijongi njengendawo yokuyila kodwa njengamathuba okudibanisa indalo yonke. Ishumi leminyaka elilandelayo linokubona intluvo etshintshayo etshintshayo evela eAfrika, eMelika, eMzantsi, kunye ne-Asia ingqina ukuba iingxoxo zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo zithanda ukusetyenziswa.

Isiphelo

Amaqonga oopopayi akangoomatshini abasebenza; abagcini benkcazo yeencwadi, abaphathiswe umsebenzi onzulu wokuguqula amagama angekho ngqiqweni abe ngamava angaqhelekanga ahambayo kwimifanekiso eshukumayo. Ngobuchule bokucacisa, ngokhetho olunamandla, kunye nokuzibophelela okungaphazanyisiyo kwinyaniso yemvelaphi, iiklabhu ukusuka kwiGhibli ukuya eCartoon Salon, zibonise ukuba ukuphumelela okuzenzekelayo akuyohlobo olusuka kwizinto kodwa kungumzenziswano wobugcisa. Imeko nganye ifunda ngobuchule bokunyaka. "ngokuba iyaziphinda inqaba ka-jubian, ihobbit's ukufuna imfuno, umnombo womtha, okanye ukudada kwentombazana, ukuqhubekeka kwentombazana yethu, sicinga ukuba xa abazobi besenza ifilimu ethandwayo, inokuba ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yayo. Njengoko isandi sendlela yokufumana ulwazi, siqhubeka sifunda iingxelo ezikhoyo, siphinda sifunde iingxelo ezikhoyo, sifunde ezikhoyo, siqhubeka sifundelene iingxelo ezikhoyo, sifundekade sifundekane.