Malo Okhalako a Hayao Miyazaki

Hayao Miyazaki, yemwe anayambitsa Studio Ghibli , ndi mmodzi wa olemba nkhani olemekezeka koposa a mafilimu, anapanga choloŵa cha kanema chimene chimaposa zosangulutsa. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi anayi, mafilimu ake aumirira kuti unansi wa anthu ndi dziko lachilengedwe suli kokha mutu wankhani wa makhalidwe. Kuleredwa kwa maleredwe a makhalidwe abwino. Meyazaki ku Japan, ntchito ya atate wake m'kukonza ndege, ndi kukumana kwake koyambirira ndi mitsinje yoipitsidwa ndi nkhalango zowononga malo akuzungulira malo ake onse a ntchito. Kuchokera ku madera akutali a [FLT: 0, kuzungulira kwa zithu ndi kuzungulira kwa zamoyo zake zapadziko lapansi, kufalikira kwa mpangidwe kwake kwa zinthu zamoyo, kufalikira kwa mpangidwe wa anthu.

Kumvetsa mbiri ya Miyazaki kumafuna kuyang'ana kupyola manambala a maofesi. Wopanga mafilimu sananenepo kuti amapanga “mafilimu a uthenga,". Komabe ntchito yake imagwira ntchito monga mawu aulesi komanso osalekeza auyang'aniro wa chilengedwe. Kukana kwake kuchepetsa nkhondo kukhala zopinga zabwino ndi zoipa kumatanthauza kuti mafakitale, odula mitengo, ndi akatswiri a za m'migodi m’nkhani zake kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala anthu ovuta kwambiri, amene anagwidwa m’makompyuta awo sanapange. Zimenezi zimapatsa mphamvu yosachedwa ya malo okhala ndi malo okhala, zikumangidwa ndi kupangitsa kusintha kwaumwini. Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kukuipiraipira, kuona kwa Maso a Miyazaki kwangozungulira, kusinthanso zinthu za m'maluso ake a chikhalidwe chapamwamba, kusintha zinthu za m’dziko kuti apange maseŵero ofunika kwambiri.

Chilengedwe Chili ndi Makhalidwe Ake Apadera

Chimodzi cha mbali zapadera kwambiri za filimu ya Miyazaki ndi mmene malo, nkhalango, ndi mitu ya madzi amapatsidwira ndi chisamaliro ndi umunthu wofanana ndi wa anthu. Chilengedwe sichikhala kumbuyo kwake; chimapuma, chimachita, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri chimatsimikizira mbali yakeyake. Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] (1988), mtengo wowongola umene Toro amakhalako si chinthu chokongola chabe, ndipo ndi chinthu chopatulika, msungitsiro wa nyimbo zakale zimene alongo a Kusaka amachitira ulemu kwambiri. Kupanda kwa malo achilendowo kumudzi kumakhala chapakati, ndi chisangalalo ndi Sakini ndi mavini a Saki amodzi a mavinidwe a mvula ndi mavinito a mtundu wapadziko lapansi.

Njira imeneyi imazama kwambiri mu [FLT: 0] Nammals Monoke [[FLT: 1] (1997), kumene nkhalango ya Cedar Forest Fore imasungidwa ndi Great For Spirit, chinthu chimene chimaimira zonse ziŵiri moyo ndi imfa. M’nkhalango ya Spirit “imapanga ndi mphamvu yake yopatsa ndi kuwononga moyo wosonyezedwa kwambiri ndi Chishinto, chimene chimachititsa kuti kami (mizimu) ikhale ndi mikhalidwe yachibadwa yonga mitengo, mitsinje, ndi mapiri. [[FLT:] 202020 ya Guardian pa filimu yokhalitsa [[FLC: 3] imatchula mmene kuonetsera kwake kwa zitsutso zachitsulo zamakono zowomba ndi kudula mitengo yamakono. Meyaka samapereka chivomezo chosavuta pakati pa nkhondo ya nkhondo ya nkhondo ya Erome ndi kuwonjezera kutentha kwa .

Madzi, nawonso, amagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Ponyoyo [2008], nyanja ndi moyo, yodzaza ndi zolengedwa zanthanthi, pamene chigumula chimene chimameza tauni ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja chimasonyezedwa osati monga chiwonongeko choopsa koma monga kubwerera kwa kanthaŵi ku chigawo cha Primeal . ndi chochitika cha chigawo cha anthu kudzera m'kugwirizana ndi kuzoloŵera. Panthaŵiyi, Kuchoka ku malo akutali (2001] imatsegulira ndi mzimu wa m’madzi, woipitsidwa ndi wosadziŵika, kuyeretsa ndi wachichepere Chihiro. Chochitikacho, chotengedwa ku Mizaniki ya kumbuyo kwa mwana mtsinje, monga kukonzanso kwa kachitidwe ka kamodzi kachitidwe ka filimu kopanga kamodzi. Chimasinthanso kake, ngakhale kutsimikizira kutsimikizira kwa anthu, pamene chikhulupiriro chake chimasintha kuthekera, ngakhale kubwerera m’kudalira pa kuyesayesa kwa anthu.

Kutenganso Makina ndi Kulimbana ndi Zipatala

Malo ofotokoza za malo okhala a Miyazaki amaperekedwa kaŵirikaŵiri kupyolera m'njira zowoneka ndi zosimba zimene zimabwereranso ku filimu yake. Chotchuka kwambiri ndicho kupsinjika pakati pa zinthu ndi makina. Mu Nausicaä wa Chigwa cha Wind [1] (19984]), proto-Ghibli yopangidwa kuchokera ku manga yakeyake, Jungle ndi chinthu chamoyo chimene anthu amawononga mwa nkhondo koma tsopano chikuyeretsa dziko lapansi pa kachipilala kake. Naustah, ndege ya mphepo, imaimira kugwirizana ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe, pamene kuli kusakaza kwa makina ankhondo. Filimu ya nkhalango yosangalatsa, yosungira nyama zazikulu, ndi yosadziŵika bwino, imapanganso zinthu zachilendo. [2]

Kuwona kwa m’ndege ndi chinthu chinanso chofunika. Chikondi cha moyo wonse cha ndege . Chimazika pakati pa ndege ya atate ake . Nthaŵi zambiri mafaniziro a kumbuyo kwa ndege akutulukira malo apamwamba, kuvumbula kukongola kwa nkhalango za mtsinje, mafamu, ndi nkhalango. Mwind Ries [1] Awn Ries , (2013]), protagonist J Horokoshis mapulani a ndege ya Zero, chilengedwe cha kukongola kochititsa kasokonekera komwe kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonongedwera. Filimu imasinkhasinkha za mphamvu ziŵiri za luso la munthu, kugwirizanitsa ndi malo ozungulira kwambiri: mitundu yofananayo imene imapanganso zinthu zachilengedwe zimene zimaichirikiza. Mzanaikiyashishi akupita patsogolo kutsogolo kwa ku kuyandana kwa moyo.

Kusakazidwa kwa mzinda ndi kuipitsa kukuwoneka kukhala kowopsa. [FLT:] Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] Akutanthauza matenda a amayi ochititsidwa ndi mpweya woipitsidwa kapena kupsinjika maganizo, pamene kuli kwakuti kuchuluka kwa soot sprits kwa Kuwonda [1] kumaimira kutentha kwa malo a maindasitale operekedwa. [[FLT:] Kaki] Malo a Mautumiki onyansa [[FLT:] (19989]), choya cha moyo wokongola wa KKo ndi maluwa akutchiwa omwe amachokapo, akulingalira kuti moyo wa m’tauni umafunikira kukhala wochenjera. Kusinthana kwa moyo wa anthu.

Chisonkhezero cha Chishinto cha Chimoni ndi Miyambo ya ku Japan

Kuti mumvetse bwino kuzama kwa masomphenya a Miyazaki a chilengedwe, nkofunika kuzindikira chisonkhezero cha Shinto ndi miyambo yaulimi ya Japan. Chishinto chimanena kuti umulungu umakhala padziko lapansi ndi , matanthwe, mathithi, mitengo yakale ingakhale kami. Dziko lino limatsutsa kwambiri kusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe chimene chimachirikiza malingaliro ambiri a maindasitale a Kumadzulo. Mafilimu a Mandaki ndi kodama (mizimu ya m'nkhalango), majeka, ndi oteteza nkhalango amene amagwira ntchito monga zokongoletsa zamakono, osati monga zokongoletsa za kujambula thambo koma monga zikumbutso za kugwirizana kwa chilengedwe. Katswiri wa za makampani ndi katswiri wa za za maindasitale. [FLD:] nthaŵi zambiri amalemba mawu akuti Studiactive , monga zogwira ntchito zamakono za kutembenuza zinenero zamakono, zopanga mawonekedwe amakono, kuzungulira kwa anthu padziko lonse.

Chikhalidwe chimenechi chimaonekeranso m'zochitika monga zapansi pa mapiri ndi malo otalikirana a ku Japan, kumene ntchito za anthu ndi zachilengedwe za kuthengo zimakhalako. Mathithi aulimi a nkhalango mu Zokha (1991]) ndi mapira a mpunga adongosolo ozungulira nyumba ya mpunga mu adaw'anadwa Amasonyeza malo otetezeka amene sawononga chilengedwe koma amagwira ntchito m'maluwa ake. Miyazaki imabwereza miyambo yaumwini imeneyi: iye ndi wopanga Toshio Suki Suzu adziŵika kuti ndi malo oyera apafupi a Studia, kachitidwe kapadera ka pulogalamu kosonkhezera ka .

Chiyambukiro cha Maphunziro ndi Chikhalidwe

Miyazaki aphunzitsa nkhani za malo okhala kuzungulira dziko lonse. Aphunzitsi amaphatikizapo zidutswa za za Mfumu Monoke pokambirana za kudula mitengo, kulimbana ndi zinthu, ndi ufulu wa dziko. Kuthamanga kwabwino kwa Kwanga Totoro [1] [[FLT:] [3] kumapereka mawonekedwe ochititsa kaso kulira kwa nyengo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, ndi kudabwitsa kwa kuipanga kukhala chinthu chokondedwa m'mapwando apamwamba m'mapwando apamwamba a paubwana. 2023 kufufuza [kufufuza] kwa maphunziro a za Enterialism [FLT] [FLD] [FLD] [5] [] adatchula ophunzira omwe anavumbula mafilimu a Mzaki, ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa moyo wa anthu, ndi kupangitsa kuti adzilamulira kwamphamvu kwa anthu ambiri.

Pambuyo pa maphunziro apamwamba, ntchito ya Miyazaki yakhala ndi machitachita a mabungwe a malo okhala. Sunday yapadziko lonse ya Wildlife Fund [1] ndi kusungitsa zinthu zosapindulitsa kaŵirikaŵiri zimatchula chithunzithunzi cha Studio Ghibli m'mikupiti yolinganizidwa ndi achichepere, kuzindikira kukhulupirira ndi chikondi zimene anthu ali nazo pa anthu monga Totoro ndi kodama. Kujambula kwa mapepala ndi zionetsero za mabwinja, monga ngati 2021 “Studio Ghibli: Grand Rehition ku Tokyo, kuphatikizapo mbali zopatulidwa pa kusonkhezera mafilimu, kujambula alendo kujambula mozama ponena za kusiyanasiyana ndi kutayikiridwa kwa zinthu. Kuwombana kwa pakati pa maluso ndi kachitidwe ka mabwinja ndi kamodzi kochitika kachilendo, kutulukanso kwa .

Ndiponso, mawu a mwiniwake wopanga mafilimu achititsa chidwi ndi matanthauzo ameneŵa. Pa kufunsa kochuluka, Miyazaki wadandaula za kunyonyotsoka kwa malo achilengedwe a Japan, anatsutsa malamulo a dzikolo owononga mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ndi kulankhula motsutsana ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya . Makamaka pambuyo pa tsoka la Fukushima Daichichi mu 2011. Nkhani yake ya 2013 yolemba [FLT: 0] imatchula mobisa za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha anthu, kuyala mafilimu andakatulo a kufulumira kwamphamvu kwambiri. Malo a anthu akulimbitsa mlaza pakati pa luso lake laluso ndi chikumbumtima chake cha moyo wawo wonse.

Kuteteza ndi Kuchitapo Kanthu Koona Konse

Chipatso cha Miyazaki chakhala ndi zotsatirapo zowona za kuteteza. Mu 1995, Studio Ghibli anagula malo 20,000-square-meter pafupi ndi likulu lake ku Tokyo kutetezera malo otsala a nkhalango, tsopano odziŵika monga “nkhalango ya Totoro. Kusunthako kunasonkhezera Toro no "Furusato Foundation , chitaganya chosungidwa ndi magetsi, chikhulupiriro chakuti nkhalango za Hayoyama zimasunga malo kudutsa Japan. Kuchokera ku ndalama ndi zopereka, maziko a nkhalango zasintha malo kukhala malo enieni otetezedwa. Kulinganiza kwa zinyama, kuyang'anira, ndi kuyang'anira filimu yaulimi, mafilimu okongola, ndi kuyang'anira filimu aulimi.

Magulu a padziko lonse opanga malo okhala agwiritsiranso ntchito mphamvu ya Ghibli yosimba nkhani. Greenpeace Japan inagwirizana ndi Studio Ghibli pa mkupiti wogwirizanitsa kuipitsa kwa nyanja ndi nkhani za Pononyo . Ziŵiya zophunzitsa zosonyeza Ghibli chithunzi chothandiza kugwirizanitsa malingaliro ovuta monga kuipitsa kwa tizilombo tosaoneka ndi korali zimene zimaipitsa ana ndi mabanja. Mayanjano ameneŵa sasamala kugulitsa mafilimu mopepuka; m’malo mwake, amadalira pa kulinganiza kolondola pakati pa dziko la Miyazaki ndi ntchito ya kuteteza zachilengedwe. Zotulukapo ndizo zachilendo kumene anthu okondedwa odziŵa zachilengedwe amazindikira malo popanda kukhudzidwa.

Malo a Miyazaki otsutsa nkhondo ndi kutsutsana ndi chilengedwe ngosasintha. [FL: 0] Mu Faing Castle ya Holty (2004), mabwinja opasuka ochititsidwa ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba a m’mlengalenga amatumikira monga chikumbutso chowopsa chakuti nkhondo ya nkhondo ndi pakati pa mphamvu zowononga zachilengedwe. Woyang'anira, wolankhula motsutsana ndi mawu, amaona kuwononga kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi makina a nkhondo monga mbali ziŵiri za m'milungu. Kuwomba kotchedwa holitique kwagwirizana ndi njira za chilungamo za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, zimene zimatsutsa kuti kusintha kwa chilengedwe kufunikire kuchotsa njira za kudyerera ndi kulandana. Mwazaki amakulitsanso zifukwa za kukambirana za kutsogolo, ndi kufalikira kwa mapepala a mapopetiegency.

Choloŵa Chokhalitsa

Pamene mibadwo yatsopano ipeza ndandanda ya Studio Ghibli ku mapulatifomu ndi kujambula, kuitanira kwa Miyazaki kwa malo okhala kukupitirizabe kumveka. 2023 kutulutsidwa kwa Mnyama ndi Heron . Ang’onoang'ono amatchula Miyaza monga chisonkhezero chawo chachikulu cha ntchitozo zachilengedwe. Ofanana ndi Cartoon ([FLD:]] Falkters, ndi kulinganizika kwa chilengedwe. [2]: "Nthaŵi ino kupyola pa thambo, ndi m'badwo. [Massss mobwerezabwereza:] A Miyazaki monga kusonkhezera kwawo koyambirira kwa kulondola ntchitozo. Ofanana ndi kukopana kwake. [FLD]

Wafilosofi Arne Næs, woyambitsa chibadwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe, ananenapo kuti kusintha kwakukulu sikumafuna kungolandira nzeru koma kuvomereza kwa mtima ndi kwauzimu. Mafilimu a Miyazaki akuperekadi izi: kukonzanso zinthu zachilengedwe kwakuti openyerera sangakhoze kuteteza. Mitengo yaing'ono, kodama yonyezimira, yolimba ya Nausikaä, yokhala ndi chifundo chake chosagwedera ndi chauzimu, imasintha mmene timaonera nkhalango zenizeni, nyanja zenizeni, zolengedwa zenizeni zokhala pangozi. Oyang’anira chikhalidwe cha Ghibli . Aona “chiyambukiro chachikayazaki chimene alendo akufunafuna malo akumidzi akunja akufunafuna malo amene ali ngati ake, akumawonjezeranso chuma chakumasunga chuma chakumaloko.

Choloŵa chake sichopanda mavuto. Miyazaki iyemwini ali wotaya mtima kwambiri ponena za kukhoza kwa mtundu wa anthu kukonzanso kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, ndipo kufunsa kwake pambuyo pake kumakhala ndi lingaliro la kutaya mtima. Komabe mafilimu ake mosalekeza amasankha chiyembekezo, ngakhale kuti n’ngosalimba. [[FLT: 0] Princess Monokoke [1] Samaleka ndi kubwereranso ku Edene koma ali ndi dziko lowonongeka, kumene Ashitaka ndi San amalumbira kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito m'mabungwe awo apadera. Amachititsa ndi Chirohi akubwerera kumbuyo ku dziko limene silinasintha, koma silinasinthe mphamvu yatsopano. Chiletsochi [1] Koma sichingachitikenso chivome chachi chachinyengo cha kuwona mtima. [FLT.]

M’nyengo ya nkhaŵa ya nyengo ndi chisoni cha malo okhala, ntchito ya Hayao Miyazaki imapereka zambiri kuposa kulephera kuyang’anira zinthu; imapereka kampasi kumbuyo ku zinthu. Mwa kusonyeza chilengedwe monga banja la anthu mmalo mwa kusonkhanitsa chuma, iye wasinthanso malingaliro a anthu mamiliyoni. Mafilimu ake samangosonyeza dziko limene tikuima kuti tigonjetsedwe.