I-Mamoru Hosoda ka-2006 ebanzi I-Groll Who Leapt Ngesikhathi ithandwa kakhulu ngesivinini sayo esiqhakazile nangendlela ephuma enhliziyweni yokulandisa, kodwa i-mfektha yangempela yefilimu ingaphansi kwengaphandle. Hosoda nombhali weqophelo weqophelo lezithombe u-Hotoko Onukrakracle lapho izinto zansuku zonke zikhona khona, izithombe eziphindaphindwayo, ngisho nesayensi yezokuhamba kwesikhathi njengezimpawu nezingathekiso. Lemishini iguqula indaba ebonakala ilula kakhulu idlulela enkukhumbu, ukuzisola, ukusinda kwesinqumo esincane, nokwehlela ekukhuleni. I-filimi esetshenziswa njengentshulweni, i-injini ekhangisayo yonke, ifundekelwe yonke ingxenye yemidwebo, i-medio.

Isikhathi Njengophawu Oluningi

Kuyinganekwane yesayensi eminingi, ukuhamba kwesikhathi kusebenza njengendlela yokulungisa amaphutha noma ukuvimbela inhlekelele. I-hosoda iqeda lomhlangano ngokwenza isikhathi ngokwaso sibe uphawu oluphakathi. Ikhono lokuzihambela “e-Makoto Konno, akusona isipho sespholo kodwa isifaniso sokulawula komuntu ongakwazi ukulawuleka. Ukugxuma okungaphezulu okubonisa isifiso sokulungisa amaphutha, ukulibala izingxoxo ezinzima, noma ukunamathela kulokhu okungekho. Ifilimu ibonisa ukuthi isikhathi, ngokungafani ne-joacketle yefilimu, ayinakubuyeka ngaphandle kophawu olubonisa izenzakalo, iMakoto ilawula izenzakalo, isiphikele ngokwengeziwe. Lesi sikhathi esingaphezulu asikhomba indwangu njengophawu [FL:] [FLD]

Hosoda uzibona ngeso lengqondo isikhathi sihamba ngemininingwane yendawo ezungezile engabonakali. Amawashi avela ngokuphindaphindiwe ezizindeni zekilasi, ekhishini lasekhaya laseKonno, futhi ngisho naphambi kobuso bethuluzi eliyimfihlakalo elitholwa uMakoto. La mawashi awavamile ukuzibika; amane abhucunge ezindaweni ezibukweni, uma isikhathi sidlula singaqapheleki kuze kube yilapho sesiphelile. Isinqumo somqondisi sokumisa indaba phakathi nehlobo elishisayo, eliwubukhazikhazikhazikhazikhazi: i-cradas drone, ukukhanya kwelanga kudlulela kusihlwa, futhi abaculi babonakale bekhona ngaphandle kokucindezela kwesikole okuvamile. Ukushisa kuba isishongo senkathi yokuphila okune losuku lokugcina kobuntwana yemisebenzi.

Le filimu iveza futhi umqondo waseJapane u-okanye ungenalwazi , ukuqaphela okubuhlungu kokungalawuleki. Isikhathi sokuphesha uMakoto simenza aphume ekupheleni kwale nyaka ye-ippy, kodwa ukugxuma ngakunye kumsondeza eduze kokuqonda ukuthi akukho mzuzu ongagcinwa unomphela. Lenkambiso iveza uphawu lwesikhathi, impande ikwazi ukudlula ngokushesha kobuhle obudlulayo. Imidwebo yangaphandle, njengaye Le kuhlolwa kwe-onk engaziwa [[FLT] [FLD:3], isiza ababukeli beNtshonalanga ukuthi kungani i-filimi izizwa ikhona kanye futhi idlala.

Isisetshenziswa esithatha isikhathi: Kungaphezu kwe-gadget

Ukuthola kukaMakoto kuqala ikhono lokwenza isikhathi senyanga kwenzeka lapho ewela entweni engavamile embonini yezesayensi yesikole. Ekuqaleni, kufana nomshini wewalnut ofuze inombolo, kodwa njengoba indaba ivuleka, kuba sobala ukuthi lo mshini awuwona umshini olula. Uyisifaniso [[FLT:] imingcele yokubona kusengaphambili komuntu [[. Isisetshenziswa singanika uMakoto inani elifingqiwe lokugxuma lokugxuma okungaqondakaliyo. Lokhu kulinganisela ukuthi konke okukhethwayo akukho ngokwentengiselwa: ukusebenzisa ukugxuma isiqephu esiwudlana noma ukugwema ukulahlekelwa kwakhe imali encane angeke ayibuyise.

UHosoda uhlanganisa ngokuhlakanipha i-compant e-minct ye-filosofini ebanzi. Ngokungafani nomshini wesikhathi esivamile, lomshini awumvumeli uMakoto ukuba ahambe aye ezikhathini ezikude noma ushintshe umlando wezwe. Kumane nje kumvumela ukuba aphinde abuye abuye ngesikhathi sakhe esidlule. Lokhu kucindezela kuphoqelela ukulandisa ukuba kugxile ezinqumweni ezingabonakali kakhulu ezithinta ukuphila. Ukushefa kwenkomishi ehamba ngebhayisekili akukaze kwenziwe, ukuvuma akukaze kwenziwe ngamagama okushintshayo amacala ahambisana nohlelo. Ngaleyo ndlela ithuluzi lisebenza njengengilazi ekhulisayo, okwambula ukuthi izikhathi eziningi ezithatha isikhathi esithatha isikhathi esinqunyiweyo ezithinta ukuphila kwethu.

Uma isiqalo sesisetshenziswa sembula ekugcineni, kungu-Cuaki-technology wesikhathi esizayo oshiywe ngengozi u-Chiaki-lenading. Lomshini awusona isipho somlingo kodwa ucezu lwezwe elizayo, okusho ukuthi ngisho nempucuko ethuthukile ilwa nokuzisola kanye nezifiso ezifanayo zokulungisa izinto zesikhathi esidlule. Isidingo sikaChiaki sokusithola sikhuluma ngokuvuma okuvuthiwe imiphumela, ngokuqhathanisa nokusebenzisa kabi kukaMakoto kuqala okunejubane. Lokhu kuguqula uphawu lube isifundo nge umninindlu wezenzo zomuntu .

Uvemvane Luyasiza Nokuphila Kwabantwana

Phakathi kwezingathekiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zefilimu kukhona uvemvane, olubonakala ngezikhathi ezimbalwa ezingokomzwelo. Kuze kube manje, njengoba uMakoto egijima enqamula emigwaqweni ngemva kokubona ukugxuma kokugcina, uvemvane ludlula ngalé kwakhe. Kubonakala futhi lapho lubhekana nemiphumela yezenzo zalo, futhi ukuba khona kwalo akuqondakali. uvemvane lufanekisela ukuguquka, kodwa ngokungafani nokwejakazela isibungu esinamaphiko, uhlongaza oluya kumuntu omdala, ukuphathwa nguvemvane u-Hosoda kugcizelela ubumnandi nobumfushane. Ukuphila kovemvane kufushane; ubuhle balo bungahlukani ekutheni kwalo lungahlangani, luveza lokhu kushukuma. Ufuna ukuba ahlale ehlobo oluphambili kodwa agcine ehlobo.

Lo mdwebo uhlanganisa isiko elikhulu lobuciko baseJapane. Uma uMakoto ethatha ukubukeka kobungcweti nokudweba, ngokuvamile uvemvane lumelela umphefumulo noma iphupho elidlulayo. Hosoda, oye wakhuluma lapho exoxa ngemibukiso yakhe yokuncoma ama-asthetic angokwesiko aseJapane, uhlanganisa uvemvane hhayi njengophawu olunzima kodwa njengenothi elizolile. Uma uMakoto ekugcineni amukela ukuguquguquka koshintsho, ukubukeka kovemvanevene kuyayeka ukububula futhi lube nethemba (a uphawu olushintshayo), kanti lumnandi. Isazi seFilimu uSusan Nacler sisebenza entweni ethambile nenkumbulo. [FLD] [FLD]] unikeza umongo obalulekile wokuqonda indlela yokusebenza ngayo amafilimu afana nezithombe amaJapane, ihlanganisa ifilimu ehlanganisa i-flue.

Ukudweba, Izithombe, Nomfanekiso Ofiphele

Ukubuyiselwa kwezibuko ze-octive kusebenza njengendlela ephawulekayo yokulungisa isikhathi sakhe esiphukile nesingathekiso esengeziwe phakathi kwe-filimu. Umamncane kaMakoto, ubhuthi, usebenza njengendawo yokuhlola izakhiwo emnyuziyamu, ngokunakekela ngokunakekela umfanekiso omdala owenziwe walimala ngesikhathi. Le nqubo yokubuyisela izibuko iMakoto ngokwayo isebenza njengemizamo yokulungisa isikhathi sakhe esiphukile. Njengoba nje uMethi ngokubekezela ehlanganisa isithombe esihlukene, uMakoto uphinde ugxube ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuhlehlela emuva ukuze unqamule ubuhlobo futhi ugweme ubuhlungu. Nokho, le filimu iveza umehluko obalulekile: kuyilapho umdwebo ungenziwa uphinde ulungiswe esimweni sawo sokuqala, ubuhlobo babantu bungeke buvele buphinde buhlukane. Isingatheka ukuthi [FLD:]

Abathakathi ngokwabo bayisifanekiso. Ukuphela komuntu obonakala eqonda isimo sikaMakoto ngaphandle kokusidinga, esikisela ukuthi kungenzeka wayenekhono elifanayo. uba umeluleki okhuluma ngezimfumbe, oqondisa iMakoto ekuqapheleni ukuthi ukugijima ezinhlungwini kumane kuyenze inde. Indawo yokuhlola yabathakathi, egcwele amasembozo aphakathi kwesikhathi esidlule nesakusasa. Lokhu kuqinisa umqondo wefilimu wokuthi ibhayisikobho ayiyona into engenziwa ilahle okuthile kodwa kumelwe sifunde ukukwenza.

I - Metaphor Yokugeja: Ukuwela Esikhathini Esizayo

Isihloko sesihloko esithi “ukugxuma” sisebenza njengesingathekiso esithinta i-kinesthetic sokuhlangenwe nakho kwentsha. Ukugxuma kukaMakoto akuqondiswe, ukundiza okubushelelezi; kunamagebhu emoyeni cishe kushayelela phezulu ezinkingeni, ngezinye izikhathi kuwele kabuhlungu. Lokhu kugxuma okungokomzimba kubonisa ukunyakaza okungokomzwelo kokuba yintsha. U-Hosoda uvumela lemigqa eshintshashintshashintshashintshayo yemibono egabade kakhulu, umzimba uhamba kancane kancane, futhi umuzwa wokungabi nasisicaba onqamula elayinini ewuvaleni. Izilaleli zizwa ukuhluphaza okuhambisana nokugxuma okuhambisana nokugxuma kwento ngayinye, ziveza okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ngesimo sangaphakathi sikaMakoto.

Ukuqamba kusikisela futhi uhlobo oluthile oluphuma kuphawu olucacile. Uma uMakoto egxuma, uba ngaphandle kwesikhathi sakhe sokuphila, ewubuka esendaweni ebonayo emenza abone imiphumela yezenzo zakhe. Lokhu kuhlukanisa izibuko ngendlela intsha evame ukuzizwa ngayo ihlukanisiwe nobuntu bayo obuhlukile, iphindaphinda izingxoxo emakhanda ayo, ifisa nje ukuthi yayikhulume okuthile okuhlukile. Ifilimu ikwenza kube nomkhuba ongokoqobo futhi iphoqelele uMakoto ukuba abhekane nokulinganiselwa kwayo. Akakwazi ukugxuma phakade; ekugcineni, kumelwe ahlale ezweni.

Ukudla, Ukudla Okuhlanganyelwayo, Namabhande Okuphila Kwansuku Zonke

Ukudla kuyisici esiphindaphindwayo esisetshenziswa uHosoda ukumelela ukuhlangana nokuzinza kwasekhaya. Ukudla komkhaya kukaMakoto, kuyilapho kunesiphithiphithi, kumelela inqubo eguquguqukayo. Ukukhohlwa kukanina ngezithako zesidlo sakusihlwa, ukunganaki kukayise, nokungagxumekani kukadadewabo i - violin konke kuhlanganisa ingqungquthela yokuphila komkhaya. Lezi zigcawu azigxubezi nje kuphela; zigcina indaba engokoqobo. Lapho uMakoto eqala ukugxuma ngokuphazima kwesikhathi, uphinde aphinde ashayele futhi alungise isikhashana ahlanganise ukudla: indebe udadewabo ahlose ukudla, ukudla ukudla, ukudla okudliwayo, ukudla okuhlanganyelwa nabangane bakhe. Inkomishi, ikakhulukazi, kuba uphawu lwezenzo ezincane, ezibonakala ziwubugovu eziphumela ngaphandle kwemiphumela emikhulu. [F]

Ukudla okuhlanganyelwayo noChiaki noKousuke nakho kuphawula izigaba eziyinhloko ohambweni lukaMakoto. Ibhokisi le-goto alilungisayo, i-ayisikhilimu ayidlayo ngasemfuleni womfula, isitolo se-antenen abavakashela kuso.

Izitimela, Ukuwela, Nezikhala

Ifilimu ye-Hosoda igcwele imiphetho: iziphambano zesitimela, amasango esikole, umnyango oya e-abcale. Lezindawo ze-liminal zisebenza njengezingathekiso zokushintshana kwezwe elithile nelinye. Ukweqa kwesitimela, ikakhulukazi, kungumfanekiso owenziwe ngecala. Imato igijima ngokumelene namasango aphansi, nomsindo wensimbi exwayisayo eshaya imizuzwana yokushukuma komfutho we-asensi. Ukuwela kumelela umngcele phakathi kokhetho nomphumela . Uma sehlile isango, isinqumo senziwe ukuba sibuyiselwe njengomzuzu wokugcina ngaphambi kokugxuma. Emvuthwa kwefilimu, iMatoto ihamba ngesivinini esifingqile saso esifingqika kanye neso emondweni yakhe: ukunqamula imoto ehamba ngewashiza emo emo enqamula kuyo yonke: ukuzama ukushaya iwashiza emo yakhe.

Isitimela ngokwaso siwuphawu oluvamile kumabhayisikobho aseJapane, ngokuvamile sixhunyiwe ohambweni, ukuhamba, nokudlula kwesikhathi. [Umgqwili Owamukelayo Ngenkathi, isitimela sithwala iChiaki ngakuhamba kwakhe okungenakugwenywa. Ngeke imiswe, njengoba nje isikhathi singenakumiswa. UMakoto, ekhalayo ukuze afike eChiaki ngaphambi kokuba abethwe umbukiso ongokoqobo wokwenqaba kwakhe ukuyeka isikhashana siphumele ngaphandle. Isitimela siletha yonke imigqaba yezithombe ezingokomfanekiso: uvemvane, ukugxuma, ukugxuma, nokuwela, ukuzifaka esiphethweni esinamandla. Ngoba ukubheka ngokungathi uHoda isikrini sokusebenzisa umfanekiso, sicabangela ukuhlibilika. [FFF]

Umsindo Njengophawu: Ukuthula Nokukhala Kwe - cicada

Umklamo womsindo we-pixel unezilinganiso ezingokomfanekiso. I-drone engapheli ye-cicada iyisizinda esivamile sasehlobo, umsindo ogcwele kakhulu kangangokuba ukungahoxi kwayo kungaphazamisa. Ezweni laseJapane, i-cicada iyisibonakaliso seqophelo eliphezulu lasehlobo futhi, ngokuhlanganisa, isikhumbuzo sokuthi lomsindo uzobuna ngokushesha. Ukukhala kwe-cicada kungokunyela kanye nokuhlahlela, okuphawula izinsuku ezidlulayo lapho uMakoto echitha futhi ephinda eshaya. Lapho i-Filimu inqamula i-intshi ye-injini, umsindo we-crada usuka ekuthuleni usuka ngaphakathi, usuka ekukhaleni kwezwe lonke izwe uqala ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuya ekushayeni kwe-Makoto.

Isikhashana sokuthula siba uphawu lwe ubunzima balokho okungashiywe kungasali mdlandla. Uma uMakoto noChiaki behlala ngasemfuleni wesifula ngemva kochungechunge lwezintambo zesikhathi ezishintshiwe, ukuthula phakathi kwabo kukhuluma kakhulu kunengxoxo. Ifilimu ithemba izilaleli zayo ukuba zifunde ukuthula njengesigebengu sokuhamba ibanga elingangeni. I-audiam, eyaqanjwa nguKiyoshi Yoshida, igcizelela lemigqa, isuka kumdlalo we-pizzicato phakathi ne-media igcode exhumanisayo ehlukanisa u-Makoto ekuqapheleni kwakhe ukuthi isikhathi esingokomzwelo asiphumeli.

Amanzi, Ukuzibuka Nokuzicabangela

Amanzi avame ukubonakala njengento efana nesithombe. Ekuqaleni kwefilimu, uMakoto umi ngasemfuleni, ugxuma amatshe. Amaza emanzini aqhephuka ngaphandle, njengoba izenzo zakhe ziveza imiphumela angeke aphinde ayithathe. Kamuva, ucwila emfuleni phakathi kokugxuma, futhi i-asemeter ithulisa umhlaba okwesikhashana, imnika indawo yokuzihlukanisa okungasho lutho. Amanzi lapha afanekisela imizwelo equlekile, engakabonakali. Uma efika, akashintshi kakhulu kodwa uphoqelelwa ukuba abone ngokucacile.

Umdlalo ophonsa itshe ngokwawo uyisingathekiso esincane kodwa esinamandla. Uma itshe licwila ngokushesha, liveza ukuhluleka kokukhulumisana okunqwabelana lapho kuqhuma isikhathi. Ngesiphetho sefilimu, uMakoto akasadingi ukugxumagxuma amatshe; ufunde ukuwisa itshe aphuke.

Ikilasi Ne - Science Lab: Uhlelo Lumelene Ne - Chaos

Isimo sesikole asisona nje isizinda kodwa isimo esingokomfanekiso lapho ukugxuma kwezikhathi zezikhathi kanye nezinsimbi kuphikisana khona nesiphithiphithi samaMakoto. Ikilasi limelela ububanzi besikhathi [ .Isimiso esiqinile esibekwa umphakathi ebusheni. Uma uMakoto egxumagxuma, uphazamisa lo hlelo, ufika sephuze, unikeza izimpendulo eziqondile ngaphambi kokuba kubuzwa imibuzo, futhi ngokuvamile uphonsa lesi simiso ekudideleni. Lezizenzo zokuhlubuka zesikhashana zihlekisa kodwa zembula ukuma kwezakhiwo ezihloselwe ukuhlanganisa abantu abakhulayo. Isayensi yesayensi, lapho isisetshenziswa, lapho kuvela khona, kuyisikhala sengozi. Isethempelini lokuhlola nethonya lezwe, futhi isebenza ngendlela ethinta imizwelo.

Ukufakwa kwe-hosoda i-labs", ibhuldi, ibhutshuzwe imfucumfucu, igcwele izingcingo nezingcingo ezilengayo ``iheke' ubuchopho bentsha ngokwayo: ihlanekezekile, igcwele amandla angenzeka, futhi iyingozi uma isetshenziswa kabi. Izibalo ze-chocackboard ezibonakala ngemuva azichazeki, kodwa ukuba khona kwazo kusikisela ukuthi ngisho nemfihlakalo yesikhathi ekugcineni ingaqondwa, uma ingalawulwa. Ibhayisikobho isikisela ukuthi umphakathi wesikhathi esizayo kaChiaki usazi isayensi yesayensi engokobuchwepheshe engemva kwale mshini, kodwa ayisakwazi ukuxazulula izibalo ezingokomzwelo zothando nokulahlekelwa.

Indawo Yempucuko Neyokushisa

I-Girl Who Appet Ngenkathi yeNkathi isekelwe encwadini ka-1967 kaYasutaka Tsutsui, eye yashintshwa kaningi. inguqulo kaHosoda isebenza njenge-sequel kunokuba ikwazi ukuguqula ngokuqondile, ukulandela umshana we-protagonogist. Ngokubeka indaba yakhe eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kwezenzakalo zentsha futhi ikhomba i-Mutch’sska Tsutsuitui, i-Hosoda ihlanganisa ibhuloho elihamba phakathi kwezizukulwane. Lefilimu isikisela ukuthi ukulwa kokwamukela inkathi yesikhathi akuyona ekhethekile kodwa kuyinseleleko yomuntu ephindaphindwayo. Lesi sinqumo sisebenza njengesehlakalo esihlanganyelwayo ngokwaso: incazelo esiqalayo, incazelo yayo entsha.

Ukuqonda ifilimu ebanzi ye Hosoda kukhanyisa ukusetshenziswa kwakhe okungaguquguquki kwesikhathi nomkhaya njengezimpawu eziyinhloko. Izimpi zamanzi (2009) kanye no-Wolf Children[[ [20] [202], ubuyela ezihlokweni zomphakathi nasemqondweni woshintsho. Ukuhlaziyweni kwakhe kokuqonda kokuqhubekela phambili kwakhe kungatholakala e-Hosoda [[FLT:]]. Umsebenzi wakhe uveza njalo ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buveza isifiso sabantu kodwa ngeke kuthathe indawo yesikhathi, umsebenzi ogcwele umsebenzi wokwakha.

I - Metaphor Yokugcina: Ukugijima Sibheke Esikhathini Esizayo

Umvuthwandaba wefilimu ushiya impumelelo enkulu kakhulu edlulayo isikhathi eside, ephelelwa yithemba. UMakoto usebenzisa ukugxuma kwakhe kokugcina ukuze asindise othile amthandayo, futhi umane agijime (emamithani amabili), ngesikhathi esilandelanayo ("ukuya ku-Chiaki ngaphambi kokuba aphele."lokhu kusuka ekhonweni lobugqila lomuntu ekusebenzeni kwakhe ngendlela engavamile kuyisifaniso esijulile kakhulu: [[FLT:] ubujukujekulu bungamandla okuqhubekela phambili ngaphandle kokuzama ukuphindezela . Uma uChiaki esho ukuthi, “Ngizolinda esikhathini esizayo, uzakuthatha isikhathi esingaphambili, hhayi njengesithembiso kodwa njengesokulahleka. Ikusasa iba indawo ekhona, hhayi usongo.

Umfanekiso wokugcina kaMakoto emi yedwa, ezungezwe imfucumfucu evamile yebhayisikili lakhe, isikhwama sakhe, isibhakabhaka sasehlobo, kuyinto eyisicaba eyisithukuthezi. Akanaso isivalo esisele, akakho umshini wokuphunyuka, akakho umchamo. Isifaniso sesiye sasebenza; manje sekusele ukuphila kuphela. UGqr. uHosoda ushiyela izilaleli hhayi ngamazwi amnandi kodwa ngokuzivumelanisa nomzuzu owodwa ophethwe yi-$aa intombazane ekugcineni eyekile ukugijima futhi yaqala ukuphila.

Isiphetho: Ubuciko Bokunaka

IMamoru Hosoda’s Intombazane Eyenzeka Ngenkathi Yesikhathi [[FFLT:1] ayibekezeli ngoba iphendula izimfumbe zefilosofi zokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iguqula lezozimfumbe zobubonelo zophawu lwansuku zonke. Uvemvane, iwashi, indishi, isitimela, ukuthula phakathi kwabangane , lezici ezithulile zento, zingene empikiswaneni ethule yokuthi into eyigugu kakhulu akusona isikhathi ngokwayo, kodwa izinga lokunaka esinalo siletha esikhathini esinaso. Ngokuguqula i-sleveli yesikole sibe yikhaseluficini lokulangazelela nokukhula, u-Hoda umema izibukeli ukuba zibukele eduze ukuphila kwabo, ukuphawula izigigi ezisezingeni ezivamile. U-Yaki ukuhlolwa kabusha ngolimi oluphambili.[2]