Kusukela amafilimu okuqala acwebezelayo acwebezela emabhayisikobho aseJapane ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-ayime iye yasebenza kokubili njengesibuko kanye nomkhuphi wezindinganiso zomphakathi. Phakathi kokuhlola nokuhlanganisa okukhulu kwalezinto ezibonwayo kuyindlela yokubonisa izimpawu zabesifazane. Uhambo olusuka ekusekeleni i-mistleagnostic eyinkimbinkimbi kuya ku-protagonostic aluzange lube luyi-roadar; iye yabunjwa yimigqa eguquguqukayo, ukuvela kwabadali besifazane, ukusakazeka kwembulunga yonke yemibono yabesifazane, kanye nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zokushintsha i-manga, amanoveli akhanyisayo, namanoveli abonakalayo abe yizintlungela ezithombe zabesifazane kusukela kuma-1960 kuya kulokhu kuhlola indlela yokuguqula inguquko ezithombeni nakulezi zincwadi zezindaba.

Iminyaka Yokuzivumelanisa Nezinto: Ngawo - 1960

Emashumini eminyaka okuqala ka-Anime ayesebenza phakathi kwesiko lapho indima yamasiko ubulili yayingakaze ingatshazwe. Izehlo zethelevishini ngawo-1960 ngokuyinhloko zazinabafana abancane, futhi abalingiswa besifazane babekhona eqenjini. Ku-Osamu Tezuka’s Astro Boy [ [1963] [i-1963], abesifazane babeboshelwe kakhulu ekunakekeleni noma ezindima eziyizisulu (othisha, nothisha, nomntwana ovamile ocindezelekile. Lendlela yayiveza i-manga, kodwa ihambisana nokuthuthukisa isenzo sobuhlobo obunamandla kakhulu ukuze igcine izibukeli zabesilisa zihileleke izigila.

I-Princess Knight i-tezuka eyinqaba enzima yavela ne-Tezuka. Yazalwa i-Princesss Aknight (1967), ukujwayela kwakhe i-shoujoga okungalawuleki okubonisa ukuma kwesiphambano, i-apphire. Yazalwa i-Princences kodwa yakhula njengenkosana ukuze izuze isihlalo sobukhosi njengefa, i-Sappre yasebenzisa inkemba futhi yaze yamelana nobufa. I-smodeli yabonisa ukuthi izilaleli zazingamukela umholo onamandla, kodwa zahlala zingaphezu kweshumi leminyaka zibuswa ukulandisa kwabesilisa. Ngonyaka ka-1970, i-shougen yaqala ukuhloma ngokushintsha kwe-Ogaga ngonyaka wama-24, isigaba sezingcweti eziculi zezokuculi ezisebenza ngokunyaka wonke. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi eziyinkimbinkimbi ukusakaza izinqubo zobuthene.

Izenzo zobufandakazi zaqala ukuvela. I-Cutie vune [[FLT: 0] i-Cutie (1973]) yanikeza iqhawe elikwazi ukuguqula amafomu ahlukahlukene, ukuhlanganisa inkonzo yokudlala ngezindlela ezizokuba yisilungisi esiphikisanayo amashumi eminyaka. I-Cutie Boyle yalwa nezigebengu zakhe, nokho umklamo walo wezocansi owenzile owabangela ukuphikisana namuhla. Ngaso leso sikhathi, [[FLT:] Lipun in e-yesithathu: i-Woman Phoppola Im kamuva yaphefumulela umbhoko ophonswe ngaphandle, kodwa uchungechunge lokuqala lwe-1971 lwabonisa isela elino elinobuqili elivame ukukhipha icebo labesifazane, lapho iqoshana leze izimpawu zothando.

Inkathi Yegolide YaseShoujo NaseGre: Ngo - 1980 Nango - 1990

Ama-1980 no-1990 baletha ushintsho olubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ukushintsha kwenkathi kwashintsha uhlelo lwethelevishini, kuyilapho uchungechunge lwe-inthanethi ne-mecha lwaqala ukubuza ukuthi ingubani, ubulili, namandla. Akukho chungechunge olubonisa lenkathi kangcono kune Sailor[[FLT1] (1992-197]), olwaguqula i-Naoko Takeuchisman's manchi ibe isenzakalo sembulunga yonke. U Usagi Tsukino, i-backby ovele empilweni enguMesiya, waba umfanekiso wobungane nowobungqangi. Iqembu ngalinye le-Sail Guardian lifuna ukubambisana okuyingqayizivele, ukubambisana okubalulekile, okubalulekile, ukuvuselelwa kwemizwa kwezinhlamvu eziphambili zokuphila njenge-Sainerver futhi iqhaza impumelelo enkulu embonini enkulu. [umpelensi ye-Sairnervers] [ultsonsons]

[[FLT: 0] Inyanga ye-Saulthior[[FLT: 1] iqapheleka njenge-Enimal i-Expression, inye engu-1995] iqashelisa ubufazi, enye i-1990. [FLT] [FLT] i-Nayeon Genesis Evangelion[[[[[FLT][FLT] [195] [19595]) yanika izibukeli uMiragi, umlawuli weqhinga ohlakaniphile olwa nolulwandisa usizi, kanye notshwala, kanye noRei Ayanami, owaba yimboni engabonakali engokwengqondo. Njengoba uLongleyylu egcwele ukuqhosha okukhulu, wenza enye yezincubuko ezicukucukucayo ezicayo zenhliziyo zabantu ezibonisa ukuvuma ukulwa kakhulu.

Kunihiko Ikumahara [[FLT: 0] .R provolution Girl Utena (1997) wasunduza imingcele ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Utena Tena Tenjou, olangazelela ukuba yinkosana, alahle amajikijou, amakhosana awenziwe ngebhomu noma amadoda anamandla. Uchungechunge oluyekile oluye lwahlukanisa amabhukwana, amathemba awe-abhishobhishobhi, namandla ngesithombe esifuzekile nangenkemba. Ukushintsha kwe-Chiho Sato Tagato’s manforots kwaye unezela i-ethena okubukekayodwa, okuthile okuthoko okuthiwe kamuva [FLT] [FT] [FT] [FT] ku-FTrome] [FT] ku-Fogle.[9]

Ukushintsha Kwezinombolo Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo: U - 2000 Kusukela Ngo - 2010

Inkulungwane yeminyaka entsha yabona amathuluzi okukhiqiza ngemivo enza ukuba kukhiqizwe i-apple eshibhile, okuholela ekuqhumeni kweziqu ezanikeza abalingiswa besifazane izindima ezihlukene kakhulu. Studio Ghibli yaqhubeka ikhulula amafilimu namantombazane nabesifazane abangalibalekiyo (Chihiro ] Sweed Let[ [2001]] [2001]] ukhula kusuka kumntwana we-winyyy kuya kumsindisi onolwazi", kodwa ithelevishini i-aine yaqala ukuzama ukuveza amafilimu awe-narraditive awe awenziwe yi-s trope.

IMelancholy of Haruziya (2006] yabeka intombazane eguquguqukayo phakathi kwezenzakalo ezingokoqobo, izifiso zayo ziguqula indawo yonke ngokoqobo. Nakuba uHaruhi wayevame ukuboniswa ngokubuka kwendoda yaseKyon, uchungechunge lwamema izibukeli ukuba zicabangele ukuthi inhlangano yowesifazane ingayiqeda kanjani imihlangano ekhulumayo. UNana (2006) wanikeza isithombe esiqinile, esiluhlaza sezingane ezimbili ezihambayo, intando yentando yenkolo, kanye nobungane eTokyo. Ukushintsha kwayo i-Aizazawasmanga kwaduswa ngengxoxo yayo engokoqobo nokwenqaba ukunikeza izingxoxo ezihlangene, okubonisa ukuthi izindaba zethelevishini (iFTroseS).

U-2010 wandisa ukuthambekela kokuguqulwa. IPurella Maging Maka Magica (2011) yaziveza njengendlela yokuveza intombazane yomlingo, khona - ke yazikhuphula ngenkani i-genre ngokuveza intengo esabekayo yamandla. Madokaname i-archism i-arch type njengethuluzi lokuziphatha kunokuba iphupho elifiselekayo. [[FLT:] Khill] la Kill [20] [203])) asebenzisa izikhundla ezishisiwe ezingaphezulu kakhulu nezimpi zakhe ukuze ahlawulise lapho ehambisa khona i-mathensiti yendaba ephakathi nabesifazane.[[5]

I-prografis ye-queer Classim futhi yathola ukubonakala. YUR on Ice (206) isekelwe othandweni lwendoda nabesifazane kodwa indaba yayo enozwela exoxa ngezingxoxo ezishukumisayo ezibanzi ngo LGBTQ + ukumelela. Kuwena okucacile okuqondiswe ngokulandisa, uchungechunge olunjengo Blomom kuWewe [ [208]) yanikeza incazelo ecacile yothando lwentsha nolwembuyiselo ngaphandle kwezihloko ezihlaselayo ngaphambili ezazingcolise izihloko ze-yuri. Lezizindaba, ezazalwe kusukela emangani nasencwadini esezingenisile, zathola izilaleli ezingenisa ubunkimbini emhlabeni wonke ezidlula emfuleni ovamile.

Umphumela Wokushintsha Kwempucuko Nama - arom Embulunga Yonke

Njengoba izingcingo zabesifazane zithola ukuhlangana okukhulu kuyi-inthanethi, izingxoxo ezithathelwanayo kanye nokusabela kwezemboni kwaqala ukuthonya indlela izinguquko ezibunjwe ngayo izinsika zabesifazane. Izinkonzo zomhlaba wonke ezilandelanayo njenge Crunchroll ne Netflix zaletha i-amime ezibukelweni ezifuna ukumelelwa kangcono, futhi imikhondo yokuveza yaba ngephanyazamiso. Odators ngeke baphinde bacabange ukuthi ukuchaza kwabo kungashintsha. Imakethengi yasekhaya futhi yabona ushintsho kancane kancane kancane: ukunyuka kwabaphathi nababhali besifazane njengaseNakokomada ([[FLTLT:]]][FLTLT:]] [FLTY:]]], [FLT2]] [FLTY:]] uthando [FLTY] olushubiletlet , futhi uMadadadromes][5][5]][5]]

Nokho, ukushintsha kwempucuko kuveza futhi izindlela zenkani. iqolo lokuvuleka konyaka ka 2000, ngokwesibonelo, kwatshengisa ukuguquguquka okuningi kobuntwana, izimpawu ezisikisela ubulili eziklanyelwe ukukhanga u-otaku. Lomkhuba wabangela izimpikiswano ngokuthi ingabe abalingiswa abanjalo banciphisa abesifazane ezintweni zokusetshenziswa noma banikele indawo ephephile yokuhlola ukuchayeka. K-ku![FLT] [2009]]) ubuhlobo obupholileyo obufana no-otaku, i-ti-cake eyaziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokududuza nangokugxekwa ngezigxobo eziphawulekayo. Abagxeki bezinto ezibonisa ukuthi zikhombana ngempela.

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-meToo nescript yembulunga yonke #inhlangano yeMeToo neyaseJapane emelene nokuhlukumeza ngokobulili kwathonya ukulandisa indaba. Izimo zaqala ukusingatha izindaba eziqondile zemvume nokuziphatha kobulili emsebenzini, nakuba ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwemingcele ye-genre. Aggreko[ [206], umdlali weSanrio waguqula i-Netflix star, wasebenzisa i-panda ebomvu ukuze akhiphe intukuthelo ebomvu emayelana nephutha lehhovisi kanye namathemba angalindelekile abekwe kubesifazane abasebenzayo, axhumaniswa nezilaleli ngaphesheya kwemingcele.

Inkathi Ephakathi Namazwi Aguquguqukayo: 2020 Nangalé Kwayo

Kuwo-2020, umthamo omkhulu womkhiqizo we-avine uvulele iminyango yobubanzi bezimpawu zabesifazane. Impi icwebezela, umthakathi olawulwa ngokomlando yimicabango yamandla abesilisa, manje uhlanganisa abesifazane abayinkimbinkimbi abahlanganyela ekuqasheleni. Jojutsu Kaisen[ uveza iNobara Kugiski, umthakathi ofihla isibindi futhi olahla noma imuphi umbono wokuthi ubulili bakhe bumenza angakwazi ukuphumelela kakhulu. Ukubhala kwakhe kugwema izingibe ezivamile (ahemus) futhi amandla akhe ancike “ukungabi njengamanye amantombazane,” nobuhlobo bakhe babesilisa neqembu lakhe elinabodwayo kufana nothando. [FLD [FFFFF]hasag] [3] [FFma], onegunya lokusebenzisa inkumbulo egcwele kakhulu, inkumbulo yakhe egcwele, ngeke inte, intebamumu enzile, inte enikeza amandla amuva yesandla yakhe, enikeza amandla amuva kakhulu. [F

u-x Family uvumelanisa ukwakheka kwe-manga yayo nokubonisa uYor Forger, umbulali nomama wokutholwa onamakhono abulalayo akhona kanye nemfuduko yangempela. Lolu chungechunge lubeka ikhono lakhe lokuhamba ngokulingana nomholi wesilisa uLoid, liveza ubuhlobo babo njengobunye bokuthembelana. Ngokufanayo, uHero Academia umlawuli wamaqhawe akhe abesifazane ukhuliswe ngaphezu kwesimo sokuqala sobudoda; izinkulumo ezinjengoMirko noNady uhambisana nokuphikisana kwabo siqu kwefilosofi ngomphakathi wesibindi. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo kwalezizimo ezindezinsuselwayo kubonisa ukuqaphela okudingeka ngabesilisa abafana nabo.

I-slice-of sokuphila nomculo i-aimae iqophe futhi izindawo zokuhlukanisa ubudoda. Bocchi i-Rock! [2022] igxile kuHitori Gotoh, intombazane ekhathazekile kakhulu emphakathini ethola injongo ngomculo. Loluhide lukhuluma ngempilo yakhe yengqondo nozwela, ingalokothi izidlalele ngenkani ephansi. [[FLTLT:2]] Ya Boy Konging![FLTY:3] unikeze u-Eikomi, umculi osemusha oxokozela iphupho lakhe, iphisa umbono owehlasizayo we-slogo. Lezizindaba, zivame ukuhlelwa yimboni embonini ethembekile ethembekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakomiti okukhiqiza aye aqala ukwamukela kakhulu imisebenzi yokuqala kanye nama-arce aqinisa indima yabesifazane. Uma Wonder Egg Priority (201) azama ukuhlola ngokoqobo ukulimala, ukuqinela, nokuzibulala kwamantombazane asemasha, ahlukanisa izilaleli ngokubulala kwawo okuvusa inkanuko kodwa okungalingani. Nokho yona kanye indlela ekhona yayibonisa ukuthi amashadishi ayezimisele ukufaka ezinganekwaneni ubuhlungu bamantombazane angaphakathi ngaphandle kokubufaka ngelebhutshutshulwa.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Okuphikelelayo

Naphezu kwentuthuko yangempela, izinselele ezinkulu zisasele. Izinguquko eziningi zisenciphisa abalingiswa besifazane ukuba bahlele amasu noma banamathele “ezweni elizelwe ngezobulili izolo” trope , abesifazane abakhule ngokomzimba kodwa ngokomzwelo, abafuna ukuba owesilisa abahole ukubafundisa ngezwe. Umsebenzi wokuzibamba ezinyameni zabesifazane, ngokuvamile ngezikhathi zobudlova noma ukungezwani, uyaqhubeka uveza ukugxeka. I-iekai (elinye izwe) i-genre ithambekele kakhulu ekubonakaliseni abangane besifazane njengamalungu ama - handm anezimethina edlula ukukhomba iprotagonist. Imisebenzi yobuPrizekalton iyaqhubeka ukugxeka. [[FLT] I-omnipoent:1]

Indaba yokuzivumelanisa nayo futhi iyazisusa zombili izindlela. Uma ukugqamisa okungakhuliswa kwabesifazane kufinyezwa ngokusheshiswa noma ngokuhlelwa kwemali, amaphini adumayo. I-ante ye- iThe Treading Neverland[ [inkathi yesikhathi sesibili] (inkathi yesikhathi sesikhathi) edumile) isusa amaqoqo ophawu oluphakathi lukaMamallallallah nabantwana, ukususa ubunkimbinkimbinkimbi besimilo. Ngokuphambene, ukuvumelana nama-scicie Fruit Basket[ [20]] (20) uchungechunge lwezimo oluthembekile, olude lungadalula ukuveza amanxeba enguqulo engaphelele, u-Hocrand nolueday'ulday'up) ukujwahhhhd'igcopt, noma ukuda kakhulu, noma ukudanisa okudanisa kwabesifazane.

Enye into ephikelelayo ukuqina kwabesifazane. Ngokuvamile, “ubuntu obuqinile” bubhalwe njengobunamandla ngokomzimba kodwa obungalawuleki ngokomzwelo, noma ikhono lakhe liqokonyiswa kuphela uma kubekwa ngokungafani ngqo nohlangothi lwabesilisa. Ngempela umbhalo olinganayo ucela abaculi besifazane ababuthakathaka nabanamandla, abanakekelayo nabanonya, ngaphandle kwezici ezibekwe njengobudoda noma abesifazane. I-Evizic, engcono kakhulu yanamuhla, ukusuka [[FLT: 0]: I-Vivy: i-forite’s Song [[[FLT: 1] ku-[FLT:] [ix:] u-ixtial [ix] [FLT] [FLT] [FL:] [FLT]]

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukuhlangana Nemingcele Emisha

Imingcele elandelayo ye-ainine isendaweni emelelwa ngamacala ahlukene: abalingiswa besifazane abachazwa hhayi nje ngohlanga, ukukhubazeka, isigaba, kanye nobulili ngezindlela ezizwakalayo kunezezesithobo. Nakuba imithombo yezindaba yaseJapane isebenza phakathi kwe-mome ehlukile engokomlando kunezombangazwe zaseNtshonalanga, izilaleli zembulunga yonke ziye zakwenza kucace ukuthi bamukela izinhlobonhlobo. Impumelelo incikelele amaKhosi [, kanye ne-mute-pinonist Prince Bojji neNdlovukazi engusingakathi othembekile, zibonisa ukuthi ukukhubazeka nokuziphatha okungafanele ubulili kungapholi obusuka enhliziyweni ngaphandle kokunciphisa abalingi babo.

Amaplatifomu agelezayo, aqoqa futhi aqoqe i-antimime ngokuqondile, manje anendlela yokuphikelela ekulandiseni okwengeziwe. I-netflix isebenzisane nezindawo zokufundela imisebenzi enjenge Eden [201] noma ukutshala kwayo i-sciences ekuthatheni i-houjo ngokungafani isikisela ukuthi ukucabangela kwezentengiso kuhambisana nemigomo emele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwemihlangano ye-aim, i-inthanethi yemiphakathi yemidwe, nezifundo zemfundo ezinikezelwe ukuhlolwa kwengxoxo ephilayo neyobulilini kugcina ingxoxo iphila futhi i-speastss ukuze ihlanganyele ekugxekeni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuselelwa kwendlela yokukhumbula futhi kunikeza amathuba okugcwalisa i-examine yangaphambili. I-Sailor Moon Crystal yenza futhi (204-2016) ibhekiselwe ekuchazeni ukuthi abalandeli abathile bazizwa benziwe i-man-everence bakhandwa ngokutsha i-amine. Lokhu kugcizelela umbuzo oqhubekayo: ingabe ukwethembeka ekusekelweni kwezinto ngokuzenzakalela ziveze ukumelelwa kwabesifazane okungcono, noma ukunweba okusekuqaleni kungenza ukujula okudingekile? Impendulo ihlala ikhona nge-canse, kodwa ingxoxo ngokwayo iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzivumela okusha kuhlolwa ngendlela eziphatha ngayo abesifazane.

Abaqondisi nabadlali babesifazane bayaqhubeka benyuka, kancane kancane bebhala izilinganiso zezebhizinisi. I-Heike Story (2021]) (201) iphinde ikhiphe inkondlo engokomlando ngamehlo omdlali we-biwa, igxilisa umbono wabesifazane ekwakheni i-genre elawulwa amaqhawe besilisa. Isayensi yase-SARU’S [UU-OK [FLT] [[FLT:]] [2022]) yanikeza izimpawu zayo ezimbalwa zesifazane ezithule ezikhulumayo phakathi kwe-infootogrome. Lemisebenzi ayifaki nje abesifazane ekwakhelini; babuza ukuthi iziphi izindaba ezingenzeka uma bebamba ipeni.

Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, isisekelo senkemba yabesifazane entweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukusetshenziswa kwemidwebo kusalwa nobunzima bemiyalo yakudala, ukuhlikihla, ukudweba, ukuxubanisa ngapha nangapha, kodwa inkathi ngayinye iye yenza imisebenzi esunduza kuleyomingcele. Ukusukela kuSapphire inkemba kuya kuNobara ku-hammer, kusukela eSailor Moon, ukuday'izwila kwemiyalo edumazayo kuMakima, abesifazane abadayisayo beye baqala izimpawu. Ingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwabadali, abalandeli, nabagxeki baqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshwa kwesikhathi esizayo kuzokubhekana namathemba aphakeme: hhayi nje kuphela ukuba kuhlanganise abesifazane, kodwa ukuba baphathe njengendawo yonke, izimpikiswano, nezimpi, kanye nenkasi.