Ukuphakama kwe-antime embulungeni yonke kusukela engxenyeni engaphandle ye-Japane ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya emandleni alawula ukuzijabulisa kwezizwe zonke kuye kwaguqula indlela izigidi ezisebenzisa ngayo imithombo yezindaba. Ngokusho lokho kuveza ukuqina okuqhubekayo kwezimiso zokuziphatha: igebe phakathi kwezwe elikhona, elingagunyaziwe elinophawu oluqinile (fansub) elikhuphukayo negebe elisemthethweni, eligunyazwe ngokomthetho, i-scredics. Ukuqonda lokhu kudinga okungaphezu kwenkokhelo elula “ekuncipheni"; kudinga ukubheka umlando, indawo yemboni eshintshayo, kanye nezinkinga zangempela ezibhekene nezibukeli njalo.

Umlando Ovelele Wokwaba Kwe - animi

Ngaphambi kokuba inkathi iqhubeke, ukukwazi ukuya e-amine ngaphandle kwe-Japane kwakuyindaba ehlukene. Ngawo-1980 nawo-1990, abashisekeli be-VHS babethembele kumakhasethi e-VHS ashintshwa nge-posi-order albud, ngokuvamile benamanguqulo antengantengayo abhalwe kumacomputer asekhaya futhi abekwe phezu kokusebenzisa amandla ayisisekelo. Le mifantu ephansi yavela njengemisebenzi yothando: amaqembu anikezelwe athola ukuthatha amaza amade eJapane, ukuhumusha, ukulandisa isikhathi, futhi asakaze umkhiqizo osusiwe ngezindlela ze-IRC, izindawo zokuqala zemifula, futhi kamuva, ibhekise ngqo ekulazeni iziteshini. Le mibhobho emvelo yotshani yayiyindlela yokubona ukuthi ayinandlela engokomthetho entshonalanga.

Imakethe engokomthetho yayihamba kancane futhi iguquguquka ngokwezindawo. Uchungechunge olundizayo eJapane lwalungathatha iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ukuba lunikezwe imvume, luthiwe noma ludedelwe, lukhululwe nge DVD ebotshelelwe engxenyeni ephezulu yesifunda - uma ike yafika. Lokhu kwabangela i-chemingss egcwele amalanga, njenge-mecha yakudala noma iziphethu ezihlolwayo, zasinda ngemizamo ye-appel. Indawo yachazwa ngokuswela, futhi i-fulubbing yaba yikhomba elivamile kunokuba ibe yikho okuvamile.

Imishini Yokumba Engaphucukile: Umdwebi Nezinga Elingenangqondo

Ukuhlela i-solithic ayisebenzi ngokulandelana. Amaqembu ahlukaniswe kusukela ku-solo abahumushi abasebenza ngesehlakalo esisodwa ukuhlanganisa amaqembu ayishumi nambili aphatha ukuhunyushwa, isikhathi, ukuhlelwa kwe-typetitting, ukuhlelwa, nokuhlola inzuzo. I-faub engcono kakhulu iveza umsebenzi ophikiswayo, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa imiphumela ye-karaoke yamagama eculweni, amaphuzu omhumushiwe achaza i-puns, kanye nokunakekela ngokucophelela ukudumisa amagama abhalwe ngezihloko ezingokomthetho ngezinye izikhathi ezicishiwe. Iqembu elidumile elithanda ukuguqula i-FLT noma [FLT:] [FLT:] [2] [FLT]] amaphuzu anemininingwane echazayo yonke into engokwesivininiyo, futhi abe amagama phakathi kwemiphakathi kwe-frethi.2]

Kodwa imfanelo yayingavumelani ngokungenanzuzo. Iqembu elingakhokhi kahle lingase lithembele kusona isikhulumi esingasebenzi esisuka kumaketanga okuhumusha ngesiShayina ukuya esiNgisini, okuphumela ekuhleleni ingxoxo. Ukuhunyushwa kwemiqondo eqondile ngokwesiko – njenge senspai-kōhai [ukusebenza] ngamandla noma [u-'u-FLT]] [FLT] [2] [umbhalo - ungagcotshwa uma umhumushi engenalwazi olujulile lwesiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abaguquli banezela ukuphendula komuntu siqu ngaphakathi, amahlaya, noma inhlamba eshicile eguqula umsindo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi obukelayo ukwenzeka ngesihemulo seqembu eliphansi, futhi engenakho ukusekela kwezimiso ezivamile emsebenzini wokuqala.

Ukulungisa Izinhlobo Nesilinganiso Sezinto Zobuchwepheshe

Ukuhambisa i-fanbbug kwanamuhla kuhilela ubuciko obuyinkimbinkimbi bokubeka umbhalo ohunyushwe ngezimpawu, imiyalezo yokubhalelana kuma-mfono-mfono, kanye nezikweletu ezinyakazayo. Ukukhululwa okuphakeme okungalinganiswa ngokungenamdlazo kungahlanganisa lezi zinguqulo nokuhamba, ukwenza okuhlangenwe nakho okunzima izinkonzo eziningi ezingokomthetho eziye zazama ukufana kuze kube muva nje. Lo mklamo wobuchwepheshe ukhonjwa ngabasekeli njengesizathu sokukhetha amafestrub aphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngochungechunge olunzima embhalweni wesikrini [[FLT: 0] [otari noma [FLT:] [i] [i] [i] i-Bakitmogatrot]. Nokho, umsebenzi uncishisiwe, ikakhulukazi ngobubanzi obusemthethweni obungadingwa yiqembu elivamile uma unyamalala noma ugeqelelekile.

Ukuziphendukela Kwenkululeko Engokomthetho Nokuvukela Kwezinguquko

Imboni engokomthetho ye-ayinime yashintshwa ngokusemthethweni ngo- 2008-2012 ngokuvela kwamaqonga angokomthetho agelezayo njengaye . Isiqalo se-Crunchroll (esaqala ngempikiswano, i-ouser-octive-octivesss ngaphambi kokuguqula ukusakaza okugcwele okugunyazisiwe) kanye nokuhogela inani (manje leCrunchroll, LLC). Isiqalo se- – izenzakalo ezidluliselwe emhlabeni wonke phakathi namahora amaJapane, zisakaze inani eliphakeme kakhulu lamafensi. Akukho kulinda okuthatha iminyaka eminingi; manje, i-linding eBrazil noma e-jantshi yamuva [FTLT] [FT]] [FLT: [4]] - Integ.[5] Incazelo ephezulu lomoya esiphezulu seJapan, futhi i-Frug.[ft]

Lolu shintsho lwasekelwa ngokulungisa izithombe eziye zahlotshaniswa nenkathi yenombolo. Amakomiti omkhiqizo aqala ukuhlanganisa inzuzo yomhlaba wonke emalini awo, futhi i-Netflix ethatha indawo ye-panetics esheshayo ye-laden incishisiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isivinini nezindlela ezisemthethweni zivala igebe elikhulu elifanele uchungechunge oluthandwayo. Namuhla, ama-inverseam atholakala ngomthetho omphakathi omkhulu ohamba ngemifula.

Intuthuko Engcono Emazwini Angezansi Asemthethweni

Okunye ukugxekwa okuvamile okungokomlando kwamagama abhalwe phansi angokomthetho kwakuyisimo sabo sokusebenzisa amagama ezindawo ezihlukene kakhulu – ashintsha amagama ohlobo, ukuhlahlela izikhombo zamasiko amaJapane, noma ukusebenzisa “imibhalo ye-dub” ehambisana ne-ishop yesiNgisi i-dub kune-meodie yokuqala yamaJapane. Namuhla, izinkonzo ezifana kanye neCrunchrollrolls [[[[1]]] ngokuqhubekayo incike kakhulu kubahunyushe abahumushi abanolwazi abahlala behloniphekile, ihlanganisa amaphuzu anemininingwane ezithombe eziphezulu, futhi athinta ngokuqondile izisebenzi zokhiyo. Igebe elisezingeni elisesimweni esivamile, nakuba amasheya abalandeli bebhoko akhuluma ngokufana nezinquluya ezithile noma izingoma ezihunyulwayo, kodwa kunezingakhulu.

I-Ethical Cross: UMdali usekela u-vs. Ukutholakala ngokushesha

Enkabeni yengxoxo ye-fandub-effes-effective-pansicial ingumbuzo owodwa, ongakhululekile: ingabe ukwaneliseka okusheshayo kuthethelela ukugwenywa kwezomnotho ezikhona? Uma ulandela i-pandubbed metary, umbono wakho awunezeli ekubukweni okuthi ama-millics kanye nama-ampeater asebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza sequel, futhi awuvezi izikhokhelo zokukhangisa. Imboni ye-aine isebenza ezinhlangothini zensingosi yensingo yensingosi; i-bithi ye-epine-ejode engakhokhi imali engu-R2,2,3, kanye nezimali zemali ezikhokhwayo emhlabeni wonke ngokuvamile ziyizindleko zokuzinga. [FLD:0] Zonke izintengo zemali ezithengwayo noma i-Blurray, izisekelo ezisekela ngokuqondile, i-ethonsi, i-FF1 kakade, izindleko ezida kakhulu.

Ukusakaza, ngokombono oqinile wobumgunyathi, kuphazamisa amalungelo akhethekile ababambi belungelo lokuqala. I-Berne Convention nemithetho yasekhaya enjenge-Copyright Act yaseJapane inikeza abakhi amandla okulawula ukuzala, ukusakaza, nokusebenza komphakathi. Ukusakaza amagama ahunyushwe ahambelana nevidiyo ngaphandle kwemvume kuhlanganisa umsebenzi osemthethweni ovunyelwe. umthetho wamuva wobumgunyazi waqiniswa ngo-2012] ukuba uphange uphakame ukhandi wezinto ezifakelwe imvume ngenhloso, futhi nakuba ukugcinwa komthetho kuyinto engavamile, iqiniso elingokomthetho liyinqabayo. Ngakho, ukuqeda abalandeli bomthetho bakhetha ngamabomunyu ekwakhiwe yimboni esemthethweni phakathi namashumi eminyaka.

Ukutholakala Kwesifunda Negebe Lokuchanyuselwa

Naphezu kokwanda kwembulunga yonke komthetho, izikhala ezinkulu zendawo zikhona. Izivumelwano zesifunda ziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile ziqoshwe ngolimi nangensimu. I-projekthi entsha ingagunyazwa eNyakatho Melika, izingxenye zeYurophu, ne-Australia, kodwa ihlale ingekho eLatin America, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, noma e-Southeast Asia ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwezincwadi zomphakathi ezithakazelelwayo. Kulezi zindawo ezigciniwe ezithembekile, abalandeli bangathola ukuthi indlela yokuhlanganyela engxoxweni yembulunga yonke ephathelene nemidlalo eshaywe i-fava. Lokhu kudala indawo empungala: injongo yokusebenzisa izintambo ezingokomthetho ikhona, kodwa izikhulu zezikhulu zezokubuka izivakashi zingahluleka ukuthatha i-galelo.

Amaqembu afanayo kulamazwe ngokuvamile ahumushela ngokuqondile ezilimini zendawo, egcwalisa igebe elingase lithathwe yizinxushunxushu zobugqila emphakathini. Abanye abakhiqizi baseJapane baye bavuma lokhu qiniso, ngokuthula babekezelela umsebenzi wokushintshwa kwezimakethe ezingaphazanyisiwe njengendlela yokukhushulelwa ngokukhululekile, nakuba kungekho ndawo enkulu yokuhlola engayigunyaza obala. Njengoba amapulatifomu asemthethweni anjenge [[FLT]] iminikelo yabo yolimi kanye nokutholakala kwezindawo ezikhululekile, ukufaneleka “kwemizwa okungakho okusemthethweni" kuyaphela, kodwa ahlala eyindaba engcono kakhulu kubantu abaningi abathandi abangama-2025.

Indima Yezilwane Ezinemibala Engafani Ekulondolozweni Kwezihlomo Nezihlokwana Zokuhlobisa

Ngaphandle kwezikhathi zonyaka ezivamile, ama-wimbubbing anendima ebalulekile. I-apple ethatha indima enkulu kusukela ngawo-1970, 80, namakhulu angamashumi amahlanu awazange akhululwe ngokomthetho ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukulahleka kwezivumelwano, noma ukungalawuleki okulula kwezentengiselwano. I-Obsuze OVA, ithelevishini ekhethekile, futhi izinto eziwukuhlolwa zisinda kuphela ngemizamo yamafeyipi, ngokuvamile ezibuyiselwe ngokunenkuthalo emithoni ebolayo yeVHS noma iLaser Diesc. Kulear Diub i-octivesc, i-osecutysssssssssssss, i-octal arectory actal ay ayworking ay aynalot ay ay'oits ay'octal ass actal actal actal actal actal asssssssss as actal arrity.

Ngokufanayo, izihloko zezindawo ezibanzi – sithi, idrama ye-shōjo ka-1992 eqondiswe ezilalelini zasekhaya eziyizigidi ezintathu, eziqondeka kalula emhlabeni wonke, zingazula ngokuphazima kwezangaphandle, i-calculus lapha ishintshashintsha: uma ukulayisha i-panpub yochungechunge olungeke lubone ukukhululwa kwegunya kubangela ukungadayiswa, ukulimala kwemboni kucatshangelwa. Nokho, ukuncishiswa komgunyathi we-fandub kusalokhu kukhona, futhi ukudalwa kwe-fandub kusahlanganisa ukuzala okungagunyaziswe. Impikiswano yokulondoloza inzuzo ithole ungwevu ezifundweni zemfundo nezintiliba, kodwa ayikuxazululi ngokuphelele ukungathi imboni intengo engokomthetho neyo engokwesiko iyasebenza.

Lapho Ama - phonsub Eba “Inqaba” Yemidlalo Yanamuhla

Isenzakalo esinezimiso zokuziphatha siyenzeka lapho i-pane itholakala kalula ngokusetshenziswa kwe-simulcast engokomthetho, kodwa idlanzana lephimbo lisakhetha i-fandub efuna ukuhunyushwa noma ukuhlelwa kwevidiyo. Kulezi zenzakalo, i-gnome isuka ekudingweni ekuthandeni, futhi i-spected ingena ngokuqondeneyo endaweni ye-imperacy. Ukutholakala kwe-bitrate-pated kuveza izimpawu zemimesethi eCrunchroll ngemini efanayo iyinselele eqondile embonini ye-monethive, futhi izakhiwo eziningi zifaka i-DMCAdown ngokuqhubekayo ekukhipheni imvume enjalo. Umphakathi ngokwawo uye wafaka leli maphoyisa, kanye namaqembu amaqembu asebenza njengaye-[FLDFLD:0] e-Compmin [FF1] futhi udedadeda i-loctivess shown esemthethweni.

Umbono Womphakathi Nempucuko Eshintshayo

I-aminafondom ayihlangene kulendaba. I-inthanethi yokuxhumana, izimemezelo zeDismard, namaqembu ezokuxhumana ahlanganisa izimpikiswano eziphindaphindwayo. Umzwano we-pro-fansub ovamile kusukela kuma 2000 – “ifansub iwumsebenzi wothando, hhayi wenzuzo” - - iye yashintshwa ukunyuka kweminyango yeminikelo, i-oparters, i-Disword serverst, futhi ngisho nokukhokha i-odabollad ment, okuwumfandela ofihlekile phakathi kwenkanuko yentsha nenzuzo yezentengiselwano. Abanye abalandeli baphikisa ngokuthi ama-wibs ake asebenza njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuthengisa, ayisa izigidi zabantu kamuva abakhokhe intela. Izentengo zisekela ngokwengxenye lokhu kuhlola okutholwa yi-ichweechwee yase-Hostton ehton etholakala ekuqaleni kwezemthetho kamuva.

Ngokuphambene, abakhi abaningi baseJapane baye bakhuluma. Ezingxoxweni, abaqondisi abanjengoShinichiro Watanabe ([[FLT: 0]] uBoy Bebop) kanye namagumbi okukhiqiza anjenge-Kyoto Imboni baye baphawula ubunzima bezimali obungagunyaziwe ekunikezeleni izindawo zabo ezifuna ukuvelela. Imboni ye-aimane ibheke phezulu-full, umkhiqizo ophansi wenza ukuba yonke inzuzo intengo ephakeme. Izibalo zezemboni eziphambili kanye ne-advocacys amaqembu anjenge [[FLT:] Associotic of Japanences [[FLT] [FLT:]] njalo inxuse ukusekela kwezizwe zonke izinhlangano, ukukhetha okungekhona okusemthethweni nje kuphela kodwa okuhambisana nokubambisana kwazo okusobala.

Ukwenza Ukukhetha Okubalulekile: Umsebenzi Wokwakha Owusizo

Ukunquma izimiso zokuziphatha zokusebenzisa i-aime akudingi ukumelana nokungaguquguquki; kuzuza ohlelweni olucaciwe. Cabangela lezi zinyathelo lapho unquma ukuthi ungalubuka kanjani uchungechunge:

  • Seketha ukutholakala kuqala. Sebenzisa inkonzo enje Moebius noma ngoba.moe[ ukubona ukuthi isiboniso sigelezela ngokomthetho endaweni yakini. I-catalog inkulu kunento engokoqobo kakhulu.
  • Ukukwazi ukuzwana kwesikhathi. Uma ukukhululwa okungokomthetho kutholakala ngaphakathi kwefasitela elinengqondo – ngokuvamile usuku olufanayo lwe-simulcasts – kukhona ukungalungi okuncane kwezimiso zokukhetha i-fastub esekelwe ekubekezeleni isineke kuphela.
  • ihlola izinga lokuhumusha okungokomthetho. Imifudlana eminingi engokomthetho manje inikeza imikhondo eminingi ebhalwe phezulu, futhi izinga liye lanyuka ngokuphawulekayo. Inikeza inguquko engokomthetho inhlanhla yangempela ngaphambi kokuba ithathe ukuthi iphansi.
  • Cwanisisa umsila omude. Uma ukhubeka nge-OVA engaziwa ka- 1985 futhi i-IS English ingakhululwa futhi untula amakhono olimi okungenisa i-DVD yesiJapane, i-fansoub ingaba yifasitela lakho kuphela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, cabangela ukuthenga intengo esemthethweni noma ukuthenga ukukhululwa uma umuntu efaka isandla ku-IP.
  • dlulisela abadali ngokuthulula. Ngisho noma ubuka umfensi ngenxa yemingcele yendawo, ungakhokhela inkonzo engokomthetho lapho itholakala, uthenge amanani, noma unikele emizileni esemthethweni. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imali igeleza emuva kulabo abenza ubuciko.

Lapho “Ayikho Indlela Engokomthetho” Impikiswano

Kusukela ngo-2025, inani leziqu ezitholakala kalula liye lehla. Ugibe olukhulu lwezimiso zokuziphatha lulapho abalandeli besebenzisa ingubo “alukho ukhuseleko” uma bengayinaki i-Crunchroll engokomthetho noma i-HIDIVIVE ephelele egcwele uchungechunge olufanayo. Lokhu kungazi kahle okulimaza kakhulu imboni. Ukuba umthandi wezimiso zokuziphatha kusho ukuhlala unolwazi, ukuhlaziya imikhuba yakho njengoba ithengiselwa phambili, futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunemba kukodwa akukukhululi ukuqeda ubuciko obungakhonziwa yiminikelo.

Ikusasa Lokuthola Imali Nokuzicabangela Okuyinkimbinkimbi

Imigqa ekhomba phambili ekusasa lapho impikiswano yama-fanyub-versus iyakuba yindawo engcono kakhulu yokufakwa okusha. Njengoba amapulatifomu amaningi amukela ukufakwa kwemisebe ebanzi embulungeni yonke, futhi njengoba ukuhlanganiswa kolimi kunwetshwa ngaphansi kombuso we-Sony ohlangeneyo, isidingo sokuhunyushwa kwezimfundamakhwela kwezindawo zamanje kuzakuncipha. Nokho, ukulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa kwezihloko ze-pareg kuzakuhlala kusengumngceleni lapho umsebenzi wabalandeli be-ub unikeza khona inani eliyingqayizivele, uma nje usebenza ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umzamo wezikhulu ophikisanayo.

Ekugcineni, impilo ye-appey ixhomeke ezibukelini eziphatha ubuciko njengempahla ekhululekile, ekhona ngokungapheli. Ukukhetha izikhulu ezikhishwe noma nini lapho kungenzeka kuyimali ekhonzweni lemboni yokuzifaka engozini, ukukhokhela izisebenzi zayo ngokungakhethi, nokuletha izindaba ekuphileni ezidlula imingcele. Ifa le-fa le-faub alikona ukulahla ububanzi obuningi – kodwa liyisiqephu okumelwe sinikeze indlela eqinile. Indlela yokuziphatha ayivamile ukuba ibe mnyama nomhlophe, kodwa ngokubangela ukuba ukukhetha kwethu ngokuhlonipha abadali nokuhlola kokwethembeka kokuthola kwethu izinto, singajabulela indlela ehambisana nezindinganiso ezithi kumelwe zihambisane nomphakathi.