UHayao Miyazaki ka 1988 ubuciko Lwami lwamaphandle luthanda ngokushesha, amandla alo anokuthula asekelwe ekuzindleni kwawo okujulile umkhaya. Emphakathini waseJapane, lapho umkhaya ubulokhu uyimoto eyinhloko yezindinganiso, ukuma, nokulondeka okungokomzwelo, uNeighows [FotoFlat:] uveza ukubukeka kwawo okuqinile, amandla angaphakathi aphezulu emndenini.

Umkhaya Owawuwusizo Emlandweni Wempucuko WaseJapane

Ukwazisa amandla omkhaya Isimiso sami somkhaya sihlela ukuphila kwenhlangano, sigcizelela uhlu lozalo, ukukhula, nesibopho somphakathi. Ngaphansi kobuzwe bomkhaya waseJapane. [[FLT:] emakhulwini amaningi, iqoqo lendlu lalingelona nje iqoqo labantu kodwa iqoqo labantu abaxhunyiwe kodwa iqoqo eliqhubekayo kodwa amakhekhekhekhe, amalungu aphilayo, nenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Ukuhlonipha abadala, ukuhlonishwa, ukuhlonishwa, nokusondelana kwesifiso somuntu siqu.

Nakuba isimiso saqedwa ngokomthetho ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, isikhombi saso samasiko sisalokhu sibonakala esimweni samanje. Inkathi yangemva kwempi yaqala ukuvela esikhombini senuzi, kodwa imikhaya eminingi isalindele ukunakekelwana nokungahlangani okungacaciyo, kanti isibhedlela sidlulele ngapha nangapha. Lokhu kungokomlando kwenza uNeighbour Toro ikakhulukazi: umkhaya waseKusbekah , ubaba nabantwana ababili abasebancane abaya ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kuyilapho unina bekhuphunyukelwe isibhedlela. [ukuhamba kwekhaya lenzala, kodwa kuhlanganisa ukuqhubekeka okujulileyo kwezingalo zanamuhla, ezithambile.

Ukugcizelela okuvamile kwaseJapane emkhayeni njengoba ukukhula okungokomzwelo nokungokokuziphatha kubhalwe kahle. Izazi ziphawula ukuthi umkhaya uhlala “usungulwe umphakathi waseJapane,” lapho izingane ziqala ukufunda khona [[FLT: 0]oiyari[ [[FLT] [i-empract:] kanye ne-] geman [inguquko]. (ukubhekisa eduze nokuziphendukela kwemvelo komkhaya waseJapane, bona lokhu kuhlaziya ngeNilt: [[FLT]]] nangaphazanyiswanga, [[FLT]]). [FLT]

Umkhaya WaseKusakabe: Isenzakalo Sokuthula

Ifilimu iqala ngomkhaya waseKusakabe ungena endlini ebhidlikile edolobhaneni lasemaphandleni laseMatsugō. UBaba Tatsuo usebenza njengoprofesa waseyunivesithi, ehamba eya edolobheni enakekela amadodakazi akhe uSatsuki (oneminyaka eyishumi ubudala) noMei (4). Umama, uYasuko, ululama esifweni esithathe isikhathi eside esiseduze esisesibhedlela. Kusukela kulezo zigcawu zokuqala, uMiyazaki wasungula umkhaya osuhlukene ngokomzimba kodwa oqinile ngokomzwelo, amalungu awo ethola amandla komunye njengoba ehamba esusa futhi engaqiniseki.

Udade Nemisebenzi Eminingi Yokunakekela

Ubuhlobo phakathi kweSatsuki ne Mei buyimfashini engokomzwelo. Ezweni lamaJapane, indima yomntwana womunye umfowabo womntwana womntwana omdala inesisisindo esiphawulekayo. Nakuba esengumntwana ngokwakhe, ngemvelo uthatha isimo sobumama , ukuhamba uMei ukuya esitokisini sebhasi, futhi kuqeda ukwesaba kwakhe ngempilo kanina. Lokhu akuvezwa njengomthwalo kodwa njengokunwetshwa okungokwemvelo kothando oluvamile oluchaza izwe labo. Okushukumisayo kukhumbula ukulindele okungokwesiko [FLT] [udade omdala] [udade]] [omdala]) njengomnakekeli owedwayo, kubonisa inkolelo yokuthi ukunakekela kungumthwalo womkhaya, hhayi umsebenzi wangaphandle.

Miyazaki ugwema ukuzwelana kodade ngokuqinisa isibopho sabo ngezikhathi ezincane, eziqotho: Satsuki uxubha izinwele zikaMei, ababili bahlanganyela ukudla kwasemini okulula, noma ukunamathelana phakathi kwezulu. Lezizigcawu zigcizelela ukubaluleka komkhaya waseJapane kizuna] [ubuhlobo] (ubuhlobo obuqinile]) (ubuhlobo obubodwa) obubambe abantu phakathi kwecala nobunzima nothando. Ukuhlobana kodade kuba yi-microscom yomkhaya omkhulu, ebonisa ukuthi kokubili umkhaya usekelana. Uma uMei esaba ukuthi unina angase afe, nguSatsuki, kodwa uSaki uSashiki ukhathazekile ukukhathazeka; ifilimu ayikhokali efuna izingane ezifuna ukusondelana kodwa ezinkomeni ezisezweni ezingontanga.

Ukuba Khona Kwabazali Nokuhlaselwa

Abazali bam ku u-Neighbour Totoro ukhona endaweni eqinile. Ukugula kukaYasuko kumgcina engekho esikhungweni sefilimu, kodwa ukuba khona kwakhe kuzwakala kakhulu ngezinhlamvu athumela ngazo, imidwebo yamantombazane imenzela yona, nethemba elingantengi lokulula kwakhe. Lendlela i-athobos: unina ka-Miyazaki wayelala ekhukhwelwe isifo somfula phakathi nobuntwana bakhe, inkathi eyashiya isisusa esihlala njalo engxoxweni yakhe. Ifilimu ayihlali ekuguleni njengenhlekelele, kodwa kunalokho iyisebenzisa ekukhanyeni indlela abantwana abalahlekelwa ngayo futhi bahlakulele ngayo ithemba.

UTatsuo, ubaba, ungumuntu ohlakaniphile ohlonipha ukwesaba nokucabanga kwamadodakazi akhe. Uma amantombazane ethi indlu yawo entsha ikhathazwa ususwatari[ (abathakathi), akabaxoki; uhleka futhi asikisela ukuthi banganobungane. Lokhu kuveza ukwazisa okujulile kwamaJapane ngokuhlangana kwezwe nemimoya − iso lezwe lapho amalungu omkhaya ethemba khona imibono yomunye nomunye. Ngokuqinisekisa iqiniso lamadodakazi akhe, uTatsuo uqinisa umoya womkhaya osekelayo, lowo okungokomzwelo okuwubuqotho obuyigugu ngegunya eliqinile.

UTotoro: Ihlathi iKami Nomkhaya Owenziwe Wazalelwa Imvelo

Mhlawumbe isici esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu sefilimu yisimo sento efana neTotoro, i-tola, i-spirit ebanzi yasehlathini ehlokomayo ehambisana noMei noSatsuki. UToro akasona nje isidalwa esiphuphayo; uhlanganisa inkolelo yobuShinto ku kami. [ukukhona okungcwele okungokwemvelo okuhlala njengezihlahla zasendulo, imifula, nezintaba. EShinto, imvelo, nesintu akusona isilwane esihlukile kodwa esixubile, futhi imimoya ivame ukubonakala ingabavikeli bezwe nabakhileyo. (ngokwaShinto, bona ubushinto, [[FLT]]]]) u-Japanian i-mfaxpress [FLT]

ISigcawu SaseCamper Njengendawo Yokukhulekela Yomkhaya

Ikhaya likaTotoro liyisihlahla esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-camphor, uhlobo olubhekwa njalo eJapane njengento engcwele, nezindawo eziningi zokwethamela ezakhiwe ngasezinsikeni zasendulo. Umuthi umi emaphethelweni empahla yomkhaya, uvala inhlabathi ehlaziyiwe nendle. Uma uMei ewela kuqala esigodini sawo, ungena endaweni ezwakala iqhele futhi wamukela indawo efihlekile lapho indalo ihlala khona. U-Toro uzwa ukwamukelwa kwamantombazane uphawu lokunweba komkhaya endaweni yemvelo, okusikisela ukuthi ukuba qotho kudlulele ngalé kobuhlobo babantu endaweni ehlala kuyo.

Ngalendlela, uTotoro usebenza njengelungu lomkhaya elihloniphekile − umuntu onakekelayo obonakala lapho amantombazane edinga induduzo kakhulu. Uhola umdanso wenyanga ukuze asize amantombazane atshalwe ukuba akhule, umcimbi ofana nendima yomzali yokunakekela. Ikhono lakhe lokubiza i-Catbus, elithwala odade ngokushesha esibhedlela sikanina, liguqula ukungenela komlingo kube isenzo sokukhululwa komlibo. UToro akalokothi akhulume, kodwa ukuba khona kwakhe ngokuthula kubonisa ukuthi izwe linomusa, nokuthi ukuxhumana phakathi komkhaya nemvelo kungumthombo wokwelapha.

Ubuhle Obungaqondakali Obushintshashintshayo Bezingane

Ukunyakazisa lokhu kuhlangana kuyinto eyenzekayo engathi shubile umqondo wobuntwana ungenalwazi olufiphele] `ukuqonda okubuhlungu kokungalawuleki. Ifilimu ebekwe emaphandleni, izinkathi zonyaka ezisuka ehlobo kuya ekwindla, futhi uYasuko usikhumbuza ukuthi ubuntwana kanye nokushelela kuyadlula. Isibopho somkhaya, njengamaqabunga avuthuzayo, ayigugu ngempela ngenxa yokuthi awakwazi ukuhlala phakade. Lokhu kungazinziwa inani eliphambili lamaJapane, ukukhuthaza ukuba abantu bathande abakhona manje. Ukubonakala kwabantwana nokusondelana, ukusondelana, njengoba kuqinisa ukuxhumana okujulileyo, noma okungabonakali, kusenza sibonakale, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukukhuthazela, Ukubhekana Nesimo Sobuzwe Nokukhuthazela

Isifo sami se-Neighbour Totoro sisenhliziyweni, indaba emayelana nendlela umkhaya ophambanisa ngayo imithombo yawo yangaphakathi ukuze ubhekane nobunzima. Ukugula kukamama (ngoba engabizwanga ngokuqondile) ukudabuka okuphansi kokwesaba, nokwesaba kwamantombazane phakathi nezikhathi zokwesaba: Isimeyumme sisho sezwi eligcwele ukuthi “UMy angafa,” noma ukufuna ngonyame u-Metsuki lapho unyamalala. Ifilimu ikhono layo alikho ekunikezeni izixazulu ezilula kodwa ekuboniseni indlela inqubo yomkhaya kanye nemicabango efana ngayo isebenza ngayo.

Isiko laseJapane libeka ukuhlonishwa kwe-man, ikhono lokukhuthazelela ubunzima ngokubekezela nangesizotha. USatsuki uveza lemfanelo lapho eqhubeka ukuya esikoleni, enakekela uMei, futhi egcina i-façade ejabulayo, ngesikhathi ephumile unina. Kodwa ifilimu iyayeka ukudumisa ukuhlupheka okuthule. Uma uSatsuki ekugcineni ephuka ngemva kwendaba yokuphamba okungase kwenzeke empathweni kanina, isikhashana siphathwa ngozwela olukhulu olunomakhelwane wakhe no-Mero ukuze asekele. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi ukuzimisela akuyona inqobo kodwa ikhono lokuncika kwabanye lapho ezama.

Indima kaTotoro ekuphileni okungokomzwelo kodade ingafundwa njengesu elingokwengqondo lomntwana lokubhekana nokungaqiniseki. Izazi zengqondo sekuyisikhathi eside ziphawula ukuthi abangane abaqanjiwe basiza izingane ukuba zisebenzise ukwesaba nokulahlekelwa. Emongweni waseJapane, amaphupho anjalo ahambisana futhi nokungafihli lutho olungokwesiko olunamandla njengomthombo wenduduzo − inkolelo yokuthi imimoya iqapha umkhaya, njengokhokhokho. Izenzakalo zodade ngoTotoro azisona isiphazamiso kodwa uhlobo lomsebenzi ongokomzwelo, aqinisa umqondo wokuthi umkhaya usekela ngezindlela eziningi eziyisikwele, kuhlanganise nezingokomoya.

Idolobha Njengomkhaya Owengeziwe: Umphakathi Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Yawo Wonke Amalungu

Enye yezilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu zale filimu ukuchazwa kwayo komphakathi wasemaphandleni njengokwandiswa kwesimiso somkhaya. Kusukela ngesikhathi iKusakabes ifika, bazungezwe omakhelwane: UGranny, owesifazane osekhulile ofudumele osiza ngemisebenzi yasekhaya; uKana, umfana oqale waba yisisulu; futhi lomuzi obanzi owengeziwe owehlelayo lapho u-Mei unyamalala. Lomfanekiso ubonisa isimiso sesiJapani [[FLT: 0] utsugari [utho]] [ukweneme], inkolelo yokuthi ekugcineni kulungile, ayikho neze unjiniyela.

Emiphakathini yama-agrian ejwayelekile, usizo lwalubalulekile ekusindeni [1] Ukutshala izitshalo, ukuvuna, nokuzala abantwana kwahlanganyelwa imithwalo yemfanelo. Nakuba iJapane iye yaphucwa ngokushesha, inkumbulo yokusebenzelana okunjalo kwabantu ezindaweni ezingokwesiko. I-Neighbour Tororo imiswe phakathi kwawo-1950, inkathi yokuzivuselela ngemva kwempi lapho imikhaya eminingi yayimisa kabusha izibopho zomphakathi. Ngokubonisa idolobhana eliphatha inhlekelele yeKusyabes njengeyayo siqu, uMiyaza ukhumbuza izibukeli ukuthi izindinganiso zomkhaya azilinganiselwe ekhaya; baveza indawo yokuzihlukanisa ngaphandle.

Ukufuna iMei kuwumvuthwandaba wale ntombazane ethandwayo. Uma ingekho, uyise uyasebenza futhi unina akakwazi ukumsiza. Emizuzwini embalwa nje, wonke umzana (‘abalimi abadala, amakhosikazi, abantwana) bakha i-macan emaphandleni. U-Granny uhlala noSatsuki, ubambe isandla sakhe futhi uthandaze ethempelini lendawo. Le nqubo iwuphawu olunamandla lwesimiso somkhaya esibanzi: umqondo wokuthi abantwana bangabonke. Iqokomisa futhi i-critique engokosiko elinobuqili; kuyilapho ukuphila kwanamuhla kwasedolobheni kuvame ukuphatha i-athomu, amakhofiki agcina indlela endala yokunakekela inzuzo.

Isifundo Esihlala Njalo SikaTotoro: Inganekwane Yanamuhla Yomkhaya Neyokuba Ngamalungu

Emashumini amathathu eminyaka ngemva kokukhululwa kwayo, I-Neighbour Totoro yami ihlala iyindinganiso yezempucuko hhayi nje ngenxa yobuhle bayo kodwa ngenxa yokuthi inikeza umbono womkhaya ozizwa usondele kakhulu eJapane futhi ugcwele yonke indawo. Ukulandisa okumnene kwalefilimu kuphinde kube amandla, amandla angaphelele, (ahlanganisa i-Dieuemon, abazali, imimoya yemvelo, nomakhelwane. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kubonisa izindinganiso eziyinhloko zamaJapane zobunye ([[[FLT:]]]]], [FLT]]), ukuhlonipha, kanye nokuhlangana, kuyilapho kukhuluma ngokukhathazeka ngokugula, ukwehlukana, nokuhlala ebuntwaneni.

Ithonya likaMiyazaki ngokwakhe eliwukugula kukanina, ukukhula kwakhe emaphandleni, inhlonipho yakhe ngamasiko emimoya − ifuna ukwakha umsebenzi osebenza njengenganekwane yamanje. UTotoro uye waba igugu lenduduzo, uqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengophawu lwesivikelo, ukugxilisa isisekelo sezwe elingokwemvelo. Nokho umlingo weqiniso webhayisikobho ukhona ezigcawini zakhe zasekhaya: ukubhabha, ukutadisha okugcwele izincwadi, ukudla okuhlanganyelweyo kwerayisi ne-oples. Le quotivadian iye yaveza izici ezinamandla angaphezu kwawe ngokweqiniso elingokomzwelo, isikhumbuza ukuthi izenzakalo zemvelo ngokuvamile zikhona ezinhlahleni zayo zomkhaya.

Kulabo abanesithakazelo ekuhloleni okujulile indlela kaMiyazaki yokuphila [i-FLT] Toro, iBritish Film Institute inikeza indaba ekhanyisayo ichaza ukuxhumana komqondisi ngokomuntu siqu [. Ingxenye igcizelela indlela okuhlangenwe nakho okuye kwathonya ngayo ukuchaza komkhaya webhayisikobho.

Isiphetho: Isibuko Esimnene Sezindinganiso ZaseJapane

Ebusuku. Umkhaya wakwami i-Neighbour Totoro awuyona inqubo esendaweni eqhelile kodwa uyinhlangano ephilayo, ephefumulayo yosizo olusuka ekusondelaneni kwabesifazane abasondeleneyo oluhlanganisa isihlalo sefasitela ukuya embotsheni yesihlahla se-kampar ebusuku. I-Muyazaki iveza isimilo sayo esingapheli sezindinganiso zendabuko zendabuko, ukukhumbula kwabadala, ubungcwele bemvelo, umthwalo wemfanelo, nokuthula okungabekezelelwe kwendaba okungadingi ukunyakazisa inhliziyo. Njengoba izingane ezinde kakhulu zikhona, njengoba zikhona, zihlala zikhona. [u-Fomthelela kungathi:]