Anime, isithakathi esizalwa sinobuningi bempucuko yokubona yangemva kwempi, asikaze sibe ukuzijabulisa kobufandanda bezithombe. Kusukela eqophelweni elikhulu lama-robot kuya kuchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lwengqondo lwenkathi ka-1970 kuya kulokhu kulandelana kwenkathi, i-aimae njalo ibamba isibuko ezinkingeni zobungani, izinhloso, nokuphikisana. Phakathi kwezindawo zayo eziphikelelayo nezivusa inkanuko yesoshana, ubufazi, ubudoda, kanye nobubanzi obuphakathi kwazo buye bakhiwa, buye bancikiswe, futhi bubhikishe izihloko zezindaba ezihlanganisa amashumi amaningi eminyaka ze-amime, izimpawu zobulili, ukuveza ukulandisa okuyinseleleka kwezimiso zezikhulu, ukuguqula, nokuhlaziya izenzakalo zobuzwe phakathi kwempucuko phakathi kweJapan nembulunga yonke imbulunga.

Umlando Obonisa Ulimi Oluyi - Gender E - Anime

Ukuze uqonde ukungenela kwabesifazane ekungeneni kwe-ayinime yanamuhla, kubalulekile ukuqonda isisekelo somlando. Ekuqaleni kwe-ayini, ithonye kakhulu ithonya lesiko lokugcina amanani phakathi nekhulu lama-1920, ngokuvamile ihlelwe ekubekeni izimpawu eziqinile zabesifazane. Emisebenzini yemifanekiso enjenge Astro Boy [1963], abalingiswa abesifazane babekhulisa kakhulu amanani angokoqobo, odade, noma izithakazelo zothando abasekela izinhlangano zabo ezithiwa yimisebenzi yasekhaya. Ngisho nasenzweni okunyakazelelweyo, abesifazane abavamile babedlula indima ye-Fomston's , kuyilapho amadoda esekela ubuholi, umholi, u-1969, nobuciko bezobuchwepheshe.

Lemifanekiso yayibonisa umqondo ovelele wenkathi yaseJapane “yomfazi omuhle, umama ohlakaniphile, lapho inzuzo yowesifazane yayiboshelwe kakhulu enkonzweni yakhe phakathi komkhaya. Njengoba isazi sesayensi yendabuko uJennifer Robertson siphawulile, ukulandisa okunjalo kwakungabonisi nje izinto ezingokoqobo kodwa imibhalo esebenzayo egcizelela ukuhleleka kwezenhlalo. Ngawo-1980, ukukhula okukhulu kwemakethe ye - OVA (isithombe sevidiyo sakuqala) kwavumela ukulinga, kodwa imiklamo eyisisekelo: abesifazane no-roid, abaphangi basemkhathini, nezithombe eziphakeme zezithombe zezemfundo yesikole ngokuvamile zazifaka imiklamo ephambili yezenhlalo eyayenziwa ngaphansi komdlandla noma yimuphi umklamo wobu - nanoma i-nalbalban.

Ushintsho oluphawulekayo lwaqala ngawo-1990, luhambisana nokungahlangani kwezomnotho zaseJapane kanye nokuphakama “kweshumi leminyaka elilahlekileyo” okwaphazamisa umsebenzi wesiko kanye nezakhiwo zomkhaya. Intombazane yomlingo, eyake yaba nendawo elondekile yobufazi, yaphinde yafakwa futhi ukuze ihlanganise ukulwa, ubunkimbinkimbi, namandla ahlangeneyo. ISailor Vonsohi ye-[FLD:0] Sailor Moon [1992] ayizange ilwele izilo ezikhohlakele nje; zazingalwa isikole esilinganiselwe, ubungane, nesifiso sothando lapho zisebenza njengeqembu lomuntu siqu. Leminyaka ephakathi yaveza futhi i-[Foshjo (ase Shuni) ne-osescies (ans) [omen)] ukuze ifinyelele isilinganiso esiphambili, isigaba esiphakathi sesigaba esiphakathi sesikole somphakathi, kunokuba sisetshenziswe ekuhlolweni sobungane.

Izindikimba Zokuhlobisa Abesifazane Ngalé Kwezimo Ezivamile

I-critique ebizwa ngokuthi i-aminitist in antime ayivamile ukwenza izinkulumo zobuciko. Kunalokho, isebenza ngokuxoxa ngezindaba ezifingqiwe, izinga lophawu, kanye nezithombe ezingokomfanekiso. Izihloko eziningi eziphindaphindwayo zingatholakala, futhi amandla azo axhomeke ekutheni zinqwabelana kanjani.

Ukushintsha I - arhente Ne - autonomy

U-Agency( umthamo wokwenza ukukhetha okunenjongo ngokuphila komuntu nomzimba, kuyinkinga yabesifazane abayisisekelo yokuthi i-ante ikhathalela amakheli akhona ngokuphindwe ngokuphawulekayo. Izimpawu ezifana uMotoko Kusanagi ku [[FLT:]] ukusekela eShell[[FLT]]] [195]] [195]) Lomzabala) lomza owempi ehlelayo; umzimba wakhe wonke ubangela imibuzo ephathelene nolawulo. U-Motoko'sday's uqhubekeka uzenza i-Intensotion, ngisho nalapho “igobolo lokuzisebenzela” [[FOnfeition], ikhuluma ngokuqondile ngempikiswano nge-alsation kanye nemvume yayo.[F] ngokufanayo, [FLAY] [5] [5] i-NFlay] ngokunyev. kunye nobuhlungu bempi: Izikhalisssssss, i-ognown, i-Moonf

Ukugwema Igalelo Labesilisa

Umqondo “wokubuka kwabesilisa,” ovezwa yimboni yamafilimu uLaura Mulvey, uchaza indlela imithombo yezindaba ebonayo evame ngayo ukuveza abesifazane njengezibuko ezivusa inkanuko yobulili ngaphandle kobudoda. Uchungechunge oluningi lwe-aine luyichitha ngamandla lento eshukumisayo. [[FLT:] Ukugcina izandla Zakho Zingabuni! [20] [20]) iveza amantombazane amathathu aphezulu esikole enza izimpawu zemfaniso, futhi ikhamera isekela ispective isly fingsssss (ambrie, ubuhlobo, i-iphaniza i-ikhuphon, i-Himmarcercellan, [FLNF] [3])) i-Foctive [197] i-enyos, kanye ne-outleagnoid, i-Him, i-Himfone, iveza izinzuzo ze-Himfonyforence.

Ukuhlola Okungaqondani Nokuma Kwalokho Okuyikho

Ukuhlaziya kwabesifazane kudinga ilens yokuvula ilayini ngokuqhubekayo , ukuqonda indlela ubulili obuhlangene ngayo nobulili, uhlanga, isigaba, nekhono. Ama-acime aye akhulela kulenselele. Unkulunkulu weTokyo [2003], iSatoshi Kon, ibambene ne-trio engenamakhaya ehlanganisa i-Hana, owesifazane owenziwe nge-atranterder. I-Hana iboniswa ngesithunzi esinzulu; ubulili bakhe abunakuboniswa i-otat yehlaya kodwa umthombo wamandla nozwela, futhi ukulwisana kwakhe nobuhle bezentengo yezentengo yezentengiselwano phakathi kweminde yeminde yeze yasezingeni. [FLD] [FF] [2004], i-mine, i-mine, i-ydramary ne-sterodium, i-sterol kanye nenani elivamile phakathi kwemindensi, futhi nokuhluka kwemibili yezinkinga.

Ukuqedwa Kwezinhlangano Zozinzalamizi

Ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu zohlobo ngalunye, i-antimique ivame ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo ezisekela ukungalingani kwabesifazane, , umkhaya, isikole, isifunda, futhi ngisho nokwaphezulu. iMagi Madoka Magica [ [20], ezibhalwe uGen Urobichi, ngokwesimiso zichitha ingqungquthela ewumlingo yamantombazane ngokuveza ukuthi isivumelwano samantombazane siyilungiselelo eliphithizelayo elihlelwe yisigebengu umuntu ongekho ngokomthetho ozondla ukuphelelwa yithemba kwawo. Isimiso siklanyelwe ngokoqobo ukusebenzisa izifiso ezifanele zabesifazane, senze ukufana kwangempela nezwe langempela i-critiss eziphonsia izinhlangano ezisebenzisa izikhundla nemizwano. Ngokufanayo, [FLD [F] Awelime] [3], njengoba amademoni ephakanyiswe, inse inselele, inselele yezilwane, inse eyingozi, inselele yezelele yezilwane emhlabeni.

Imibhalo Yabo Eshintshayo Neyimibhalo Eyisisekelo Esekelwe Kubesifazane

Ezinye izihloko zidinga ukuhlolisiswa ukuthi ziqukethe ithonya elihlala njalo enkulumweni yobulili.

Inyanga yeSaillor ihlala igcwele amanzi, hhayi nje ngoba u-Usagi Tsukino uyi-matrany, ngokomzwelo, futhi u-heroine onomusa kakhulu osindisa umhlaba, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uchungechunge luveza wonke ama-salofemi atholakalayo. AmaSailor Guardian avikelana ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba agunyaziwe, futhi iqoqo lemithetho lifakelwe u-Sailor Uranus noSaor Neptunethe njengombhangqwana ozinikele wezwe wonke.

Fruits Basket[FFLT:1] (2001 no-2019-2021) inikeza umbono ohlukile ngendlela ukulindela kwabesilisa nabesifazane okulimaza ngayo amadoda kanye nabesifazane. Isiqalekiso esiphakathi komkhaya wakwaSohma siguqula amalungu abe yizilwane zezinkanyezi lapho ebuthakathaka emzimbeni noma ephathwe umuntu ohlukile. Lesimiso somlingo siba isingathekiso sobudoda obunobuthi: uSohmas ukonakalisa ithonya lawo siqu nempatho olungokomzwelo kontanga yabo besifazane. I-protagonhhhh Hoahday Hoa's's esheshayo ukuvalwa njengowesifafa oluyisifazanyazanyayedwane, futhi esibeka inselele isithunzi esiwubuthakathaka. Uchungechunge olubonisa umehluko ongathi uRitsu.

[2006], ethathwe kwi-joosei manga ka-Ai Yawa, inikeza i-specter i-inglering ibheke ubuhlobo babesifazane, ukufisa, nemiphumela yokukhetha kothando. UNana Komatsu, “obuthakathaka” nabantu abathokozayo, abalahlwa ngezifiso zakhe ezivamile; esikhundleni, amashathi alandisayo aholela kanjani ekuncikeni kwakhe, kuyilapho i-pankstocker Nana Oki imelela ukuzimela okunonyanzelelayo. Ngokubheka kokubili okunzima, uchungechunge luphikisa ngokuphumelela okukodwa.

Eminye imisebenzi ephawulekayo ihlanganisa iPrincess Jollyfish (2010), ebonisa iqembu labesifazane abahlala emphakathini u-tarawkward otaku abaveza i-progated, umphakathi wobungqingili eTokyo, kanye Yuri!! ku-ICE[FLT] [2016], imidlalo eveza i-bravado ye-abrava yomuntu owesifazi ngokumisa i-empephe, i-empee, i-esekela i-media phakathi kwamadoda.

Ithonya Lesiko Nezingxoxo Zembulunga Yonke

Abalweli bamalungelo abesifazane abangaphansi kwesimo esikhona abahlala nje esibukweni. Bahlaba ngaphandle, belungisa inkulumo yokudlala, ukutadisha, ngisho nezinhlangano zomshisekeli. Ekuqaleni konyaka ka- 2000, izilaleli zaseNtshonalanga zahlangana nezimpawu ezifana Utena ne [FLT] i-Eveasion [[FLT:] i-FULT] idlula kumakhasethi e-VHS, ifaka i-internbox, lapho izilaleli zahlukanisa khona izombangazwe zenhlanu ubude. Lezintluthano zotshani zabonisa amagagasi ama-Yoube namapulati enje [FLTLD] [FFFFF:]

Ulwazi lwezesayensi yezokuxhumana luye lwaqaphela futhi. Imihlangano enjenge [[FLT:] Machademia, umbuthano waminyaka yonke ogxile e-manga, ename, nasemifundweni yezindaba, uvame ukuveza amapawunda ahlola iziteshi ezithandwayo ezifundwayo. Izincwadi ezinjenge [[FLT:] [FLT]] Umphefumulo ka-Anime[ ngu-Ian Condry, ante, [[FLT] u-Beautious List Chin [[FLT] [[FLT]] i-Tam:5] umqulu othandwayo onikezelwelwelwe-Samutō ubonise indlela yokuqonda ngayo ubulili, ngokuvamile engxoxhumeni enjenge-Chikome. [5] [uteckame] [ume]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalingiswa abalwela amalungelo abesifazane abathintime baye bakhuthaza ukuthatha imidlalo yangempela yezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-cossille ivumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba babe amaqhawe anjenge-Sailor Moon noma i-Mikasa Ackerman, beguqula ukuncoma kube amandla. EJapane, amaqembu otshani aye akhomba ama-inineininins eshabhu anika abesifazane abasebasha amandla okuxoxa ngokuhlukunyezwa emsebenzini. Ngisho nomzabalazo wesizwe “#Too” uye wabona abahleli abacupheli abanjengo [[FLT:] [20] [20], iSanrio umboniso mayelana nehhovisi elibomvu le-panda obonisa intukuthelo yakhe ngokufa kwakhe, njenge-eromagella, njengomfanekiso we-expartment.

Ukugxekwa, Ukulinganiselwa, Nokuphikelela Kwe - Gaze Yabesilisa

Naphezu kwale misinga eqhubekayo, i-angee njengemboni ehlala isongelwe kwezombangazwe zokuphinde ihileleke kwezenhlanu. I-biquity yenkonzo ye- “fun""""" ihoshot ehlala emabeleni, i-engile ye-skirt, kanye ne-moults, kanye ne-mounderminess eziningi ezibonisa ukuhola kwabesifazane okungalawuleki. Moribito: Guardian of the Mow[ [2007], lapho ibhalsalsalm ibekwe khona ngenhlonipho, kunenqwaba yezikhathi zenkathi ekhona enikeza abesifazane i-kayikhotha ekhothayo ekhothayo: uhlobo lwezi, umngane webhasi, i-mashme.

Abanye abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ngisho nabesifazane abakha phezulu balulaza isigijimi sabo ngokukhetha ubuzwe obufanayo obungabufanele, bethi owesifazane oyedwa onamandla anganqoba ubulili obungokwesimiso socansi ngentando yeningi, kanjalo izinhlangano ezilawulayo zomthwalo wemfanelo. “intombazane eyisimanga” trope, kuyilapho inamandla iSailor Moon [inga], ingaveza futhi isosha elinomzimba oweve elisayo lentsha lempini lezenzwe ngenkanuko yobulili ngezindlela ezihlukene kamuva SAN KARA[FLT], lapho inikezwa amandla agcwele khona ngokubonisa inkanuko yobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zemisebenzi ngaphakathi kwemboni yezentengizimu: imboni ewuveza inzuzo futhi ikhiqini yabesifazane ekhiqini futhi ikhiswe kakhulu ngenzuzo yezezezezeze izinzuzo yabesifazane.

Ukuhlaziya okugcwele kwamalungelo abesifazane kumelwe kubheke lokhu kuphikisana. Njengoba isazi uFusami Ogi sikhombe ku- umsebenzi we-shōjo masiko [, amandla afanayo entengiselwano enza ukuba izindaba eziphihlizayo zikwazi ukuwavumela ukuba ahlubuke. Ukuqaphela lokhu kucindezeleka akuwenzi amandla ombuso we-shōjoe kodwa kugcizelela ukusetshenziswa okugxeka okuhlukanisa ukulahla okuqotho ekukhangiseni ukugxeka.

Imingcele Elandelayo: I - Queer, Engahlali Ekhaya, Nethonya Lembulunga Yonke

I-Contemporary anime idlulisela kancane kancane ukuchaza kwayo ubulili ngalé kwemibili. Izwe leLuct: (2017]) inezimpawu zekristalu ezibonisa ukuphila kwe-electline [1] ama-sender ekunikezelweni, avezwa yingxube yabadlali besilisa nabesifazane, futhi ukulandisa akuyabeki amabizo noma indima esithombeni. Lokhu kukhetha akubekeli izinselele zemikhuba ejulile yezimpawu zobulili ezisekelwe ezwini noma esithombeni. Phendula [[FLT:] [2] [20], abafana ne-rock beshaya idrama, ishobow rock, ikhuluma nge-'expressex kanye syst syst syst syst syst mes, issss produaix is BL KG G G_G_G_Generight i-modefigle-ograph i-ograph i-------o

Amapulatifomu angenayo njenge-Netflix ne-Crunchyroll aye andisa izilaleli kuloluchungechunge olufanayo, adala izisekelo ezihlanganisa i-translate dintellives eziletha amathemba azo angokwesiko ukuba zithwale. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthandwa okukhulu kwezwe lonke Delemon Slayer[ [2029])) izingxoxo eziye zabangela i-Neko Kamado: ukuguqulwa kwedemoni lakhe libe yisifebe esithule, isifekthi sempi esinezekelayo sokuthulisa intukuthelo yabesifazane, noma indlela engcono yokuthulisa owesifazane onamandla? Lezinkulumo eziveza izinkulumo zezokuxhumana ezilimini eziningi, zigcina ingxoxo yezokuhlalisa izigelekeqephu eziphilayo kanye nezixubene. Njengoba imidali yezindawo ehlukene ingena ezingeni zezemboni, cishe iphinde ibe neyo.

Isiphetho

I-Anime iwumkhiqizo wobudoda bempucuko yayo nethuluzi lokuyilungisa. Kusukela ekuhlolweni kobufazi basekhaya kuya ekuthukeni kwezenzo zokuqalekisa zobubhishobhi ezikhona manje, ukubhula kuye kwabonisa amandla aphawulekayo okuhlanganisa ubulili. Ukuthatha indawo kunikeza amandla aphawulekayo okulawula, ukuphambukisa, ukuhlaziywa kwendoda, ukuhlola ukuhlangana kwezindawo, nokuhlola ubulili bobufandani benza okungaphezu kokuzijabulisa; bahlobisa ngezindlela ezintsha zokuxoxa ngesilinganiso sobulili nokwethuntu. Kodwa uhambo alupheli. Isithunzi esiphikelelayo sokwakheka nokwakheka kwesibuko ngemva kwesikrini, kusikhumbuza ukuthi ukuncintisana okukhona njalo. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi ngasinye esincane esizibukayo sibona eNausä noma esaba interpie.