Lapho i-Hayao Miyazaki’s ibekwe phambili ngo-2001. Yathatha indawo engaphezulu kakhulu kunokuphula amarekhodi ebhokisi ehhovisi eJapane futhi iwina i-Academy Award for Beferenced Eyedlula Zonke. Lefilimu yanikeza izwe eligcwele, eliklanywe ngokucophelela, lapho izinkolelo zabantu basendulo kanye nezinkathazo zanamuhla zingqubuzana khona ngaphakathi endlini yokugeza yemimoya. Le miphumela iyimivuzo ephindaphindiwe, indawo ye-linyane phakathi komuntu nengcwele, evumela uMiyazaki ukuba asungule isayensi yobuShinto, yōkaire, futhi ayichaza ngendlela ezwakalayo lapho izinkolelo-mfundazwe ephakemeyo eJapani nemangalisayo. Umphumela yimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, nezicingo zencazelo yayo ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka ekhona.

ICosmos YamaShinto: Ukuthenga Nezwe Lemimoya

Ukuze uqonde izakhiwo ze [[FLT: 0] — izidalwa ezihlala emvelweni, okhokho abahlonishwayo, ngisho nomuntu owenziweyo. Isisekelo sobuShinto singcolisa wonke amafulemu. i-Shinto, isiko lesizwe esingokomoya laseJapane, siqaphela inqwaba ye-[kami][ — izici ezihlala ezenzekayo, ezihloniphekayo, ezihloniphekayo, nokhokhokhokho, kanye nomuntu owenziweyo. Indlu yokugeza ebhayisikobho ayiyona indawo ephezulu lapho onkulunkulu beza khona ukuze bazihlanzele imfucucucu. [[[[FLTLT:4]] , ebuyisela ukulingana nokususa ukungcola okungokomoya okungokomoya. I-mfoliyo eyaziwa kakhulu. I-m-m-m-m-om ikhona i-m ikhona i-m enzinzinyana yomphakathi.

Isikhulu sendlu yokugeza, iYuba, ihlanganisa ububili obuzuzwayo obusemzimbeni kami. Ubodwa buyesabeka futhi uyanakekela — owesifazane onolaka webhizinisi obeba amagama omntwana wakhe omkhulu, uBoh. Udadewabo oyiwele uZeniba, ohlala endlini ephansi, umelela isigubhu, isici esinomusa kakhulu samandla anamandla angavamile afanayo. Lokhu kuba khona kwabesifazane okukodwa kuveza ukuqonda kobuShinto okuthi unkulunkulu akakho okuhle noma okubi kodwa ukucindezela okufuna inhlonipho nokufaneleka komphakathi. Uma uChihiro egweba ngokufanelekile, amakheli kanye nodumo Yuphicle, futhi wenza ngenkuthalo, uqala ukuzuza inkululeko yakhe — isifundo esisenanini sobuShinto ([FT]: [FFoctal]]]] [1]]

Indlu yokugeza ngokwayo isebenza njengesakhiwo esincane sethempeli. Ibhuloho elithi uChihiro iziphambano liwumngcele ocacile phakathi kwento engcolile nengcwele. Amalahle ayisiduli (] ususwatari[), umoya weradish, futhi udwendwe lonkulunkulu abafika ngesikebhe bonke banezinga eliwubala elikhumbuza izibukeli ukuthi amandla angaphezu kwamandla emvelo awafihlekile; kumane kudinga isinqumo sokuqonda okulungile ukuze kuqondwe. UMiyaza ugcwalisa isikrini ngemimoya eminingi ekhethekile, ngamunye owenziwa ngokucatshaza ngemuva komklamo yabo, uyinto ehloniphekile ewukukholelwa kuyinkolelo yokuthi umhlaba uyakwazi ukuba khona. [FFF]

I - Folkloric Archetypes Nolimi LwaseYōkai

Ngalé kwemicikilisho yamaShinto, Athengwa kakhulu udweba ngokucacile esikweni elicebile lesizwe saseJapane ne-yōkai — izidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo ezisukela ekuthatheni i-gnolent kuya e-irvolent. Akukho-buso, iso, isibonakaliso sokusekela okukhulu kakhulu kwefilimu, uluhlobo lwanamuhla lwe-yukaiar eqolor. Ngesici esiwubala, isigqoko esifana ne- i-operperneb [[FLT] [isimo] [isimo esingenakukhohlakala], ukungabikho kwesithombe esingenwayo, ukungabikho kwesomuntu ophansi okubonakala kunesithukuthukuthuku, kodwa ingenwa kwakhe ukukhiza igolide nokuswe imfuyo emhlane kuphela. Imfuyo engaphandle komoya, ingenze noma isikhulu senye isilwane esiwuvukele.

Haku, udrako osemusha osiza uChihiro, ungomunye udwendwe lwezibukeli zanamuhla. Ungumoya woMfula iKohaku, umfula owake wahlanzeka futhi wagcwaliswa futhi wabekwa phezu kwezakhiwo ezifulethiwe. Ensumansumaneni yaseJapane, imifula ivame ukuvezwa njengodrako, nonkulunkulu kadrago olahlekelwe ikhaya lakhe negama lakhe kuyisifaniso esinamandla sokukhula okunganqandeki. UHaku uphawu olukathi udrako olukhangayo nowedwayi-Yuba uveza indlela kokubili ukushenxiwa — okungokomzimba nangokomoya — kungaphula ngayo umuzwa wokuziphilisa kwakhe. Ukuphilisa kwakhe, njengokuphulukisa umfula, kuba nokwenzeka kuphela lapho uChiro ekhumbula igama lakhe, umnini wenkumbulo, futhi umnini wenkumbulo eyodwa.

I-Spirit yoMfula ivela njenge- inikeza umfanekiso wefilimu ocacile wendawo ezungezile. Incishiswe i-oze, umoya uhlanzwa uChihiro, okhipha umthamo wemfucumfucu ongcolile womuntu — ibhayisekili, izinto ezisebenzayo, ukudoba okuxubile — osohlangothini lwawo. Uma usuhlanziwe, umoya uziveza njengowodwayo wamanzi anjengedragon nonyukela kude. Ukulandelana okukhulu, okudunyiswa yiMiyazaki, okukhishwa yiwo uqobo lwawo umfula ongcolisiwe, uguqula isimo sendawo ezungezile sibe yi-vaceracke, cishe i-katina. [Foctive] [2]

Igama Lokweba, Ukuzichaza, Nokuzenza Obekuyikho

Enye yezici eziphazamisa kakhulu zendlu yokugeza uYuba umkhuba wakhe wokweba amagama ezisebenzi zakhe. UChihiro uba “Ndoda,” uHaku uba umthakathi ongenagama, futhi ezinye izisebenzi ezingenakubalwa zibonakala zikhohlwe ukuthi zingobani ngempela. Kubantu baseJapane, igama linamandla amakhulu; ukwazi igama leqiniso lento ewukuba namandla phezu kwayo. Lo mqondo uvela kukho konke kusukela ku-classic [FLT:] [amathale] [indlela] yokuxhumana] nohlobo lwakhe. UMiyaza uqhubele phambili, esebenzisa igama lokweba njengesingatheko sokulahlekelwa yiyo ngaphansi kwesimiso sakhe sokuhweba impahla. Uma i-Yuroba isebenza ngokwethulo, isayinwa ngokoqobo, i-'imvume yakhe yokuxhumana, nomqondo wokusebenza ngaphandle kwekhono, futhi i-criti, isebenza kahle kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Izisebenzi ezisebenzayo, kodwa zisebenza ngokuzinye kuphela.

Uhambo lukaChihiro lungolwenkumbulo. Unamathela ephepheni elinamagama angempela, ithumba eligcina libuyisele kokubili ukuthi ungubani kanye nenkumbulo kaHaku. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ifilimu iphikisa ukuthi ukubonakala akuyona into emisiwe emelwe ukuthengwa noma yebiwe kodwa ubuhlobo — ulwembu lwenkumbulo nokuxhumana okumelwe kuhlaziywe. Lesihloko sizwakala kakhulu emasikweni. Kusukela enkathini yezentengiselwano zokuhlobisa nokulahlekelwa inzuzo yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano, ukwesaba ukuba esinye isisebenzi esikwaziyo esikwaziyo ukuthengwayo sizwa kakhulu eNew York noma eBerlin njengoba kunjalo eTokyo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Film Napier, ngokuvamile okubhekiswe ezifundweni ze-im, izikhundla ze-''[FLT] [1] [FTLT]

Ukulandisa Ngokubukeka Nokubukeka Njengomklami Ongokomzwelo

Isiqondiso sikaMiyazaki neqembu lezifanekiso eStudio Ghibli lakha ulimi olubonakalayo olunesisitho esilingana nengxoxo. Umklamo wendlu yokugeza ngokwayo uyi-rabythi emile — ithengwa phezulu lapho uYubaba ahlala khona, imfihlo nemboni ekamelweni elibilisayo lapho iKamaji esebenza khona. Lesisigaba sabefundisi esiphethe i-stapic siqinisa ukukhulumela kwesigaba ngaphandle komshosholo owodwa. Umehluko phakathi kwe-bhadi, ingaphandle elikhazimulayo lapho uHaku ehlangana khona noChihiro nombala obomvu, igolide, nesithunzi sengaphakathi kwenza ukushukuma kwezwe kuhlale kuqinile phakathi kwenkululeko nenhlangothi.

Umfanekiso wokudla unendima ekhethekile. Uma abazali bakaChihiro bephenduka izingulube, kungenxa yokuthi badla ukudla okuhloselwe imimoya ngaphandle kwemvume. Kamuva, ukudla ibhola lelayisi elanikezwa uHaku iphula ukukhubazeka kukaChihiro futhi kumvumela ukuba akhale — ukukhululwa kweprimal okuphawula isinyathelo sakhe sokuqala sokusondela enkampanini. Ukudla lapha akusona nje isisithasi; kuwumkhuba ovamile odonsela abantu emoyeni noma obasiza ukuba bakhululeke abantu. Ifilimu inaka ingaphakathi kokudla — ukunyakaziswa kweseyili, umphunga osuka esitsheni sebro — imisuka evelele ezintweni ezingokoqobo, ukwenza uKiro abe nozwela futhi uzizwele.

UJoe Hisaishi, osekelwe ngesihloko esihlabayo sopiyano esithi “Usuku Olunye Lwehlobo,” lusebenza njengomnarritor ngakwesokunene salo. Lomculo uvusa inkanuko nokulahlekelwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla. Unyukela futhi uwele ngemijikelezo engokomzwelo kaChihiro, usebenzisa ukuhlikihla okuncane phakathi nezikhathi zokuthula (isitimela phezu kwamanzi) futhi uvuvuka kuphela lapho isikhulumi sifuna. Uhambo lwesitimela esidumile, cishe olungenawo amagama, luyiqembu eliphambili ekudluliseni umhubhe, ukuhlukanisa, nobuhle bobumnandi bangaphandle — umqondo wesijantshiya esiJapane [[FLT] [FLT:]].

Ukulondolozwa Kwendawo Ezungezile, Ukuthengwa, Nentuthuko

Nakuba ukulandelana koMfula iwuphawu olugcwele kakhulu lwendawo ezungezile, yonke ifilimu igcwele ukukhathazeka ngobuhlobo phakathi kwabantu nemvelo. Indlu yokugeza ikhona endaweni uMiyazaki ayichaza njengephefumlelwe amapaki ashiywe ayinhloko nothando amahhotela awehlela eJapane phakathi nenkathi yezomnotho, iphinde ikhungathekiswe indalo. Umfula kaHaku’s, iKohaku, wawuqinile ukuze ulwe izakhiwo, uqhube inkathi hhayi nje isici sezwe kodwa into engokomoya. Lapho uChihiro ekhumbula ukuwela emfuleni njengengane, ubuyisela inkumbulo yentuthuko yezwe lasedolobheni eyayizame ukuyisusa. Isenzo sokukhumbula imvelo njengendlela yokuvuka komuntu siqu.

Iqophelo lale filimu lokuthenga izinto likhulu ngendlela efanayo. Umnotho wonke wendlu yokugeza usekelwe ekudlekeni okungaphezu kwalokho: onkulunkulu bachitha igolide ezindaweni zokugeza ezimashiqela, izisebenzi zifuna izincithakalo, futhi ukugadla kwe-No - Faice kuwubukhazikhazi obungathandeki babathengi abangoneliseki. Udla izisebenzi ezintathu, uhlanza igolide, futhi uqhubeka efuna okwengeziwe, kodwa akazizwa enelisekile. Lokhu akuwona umyalezo ocashile. Ukhuluma ngokuqondile ngobuze beposi laseJapane eligcwele i-blaise, kodwa futhi kubonakalisa ukukhathazeka kwembulunga yonke yekhulu lama-21 — kusukela ekucekelelweni kwemali esendaweni ezungezile ezungezile ekhishwe ngokukhishwayo. Ukugeza, ngenxa yakho yonke i-bonke ubuhle, kugcwele izihambe ezicebwebweni eziceke kakhulu.

Uhambo LukaHeroine: UChihiro Ogino Nokulahlwa Kwezinsimbi Zomlotha Wezinsimbi Zokulwa Kwezinsimbi

UChihiro akayena umshayi wemizwa ovamile. Uneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, uwenyo, futhi unamahloni ngokomzimba, ungena ezweni lemimoya esabalele futhi engathandi. Ukukhula kwakhe akuzitholi amandla omlingo noma ukunqoba isiphithiphithi esilwayo. Kunalokho, ufunda ukusebenza, ukuzwelana nemimoya enesizungu emzungezile, nokuthatha icala ngamaphutha akhe siqu. Lesi sikhithika sichitha isikhathi sakhe sobudoda “isigebengu” ngokukhetha i-herone, i-ro essss'eake. Ukunqoba kwakhe kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi uhambo lwe-heroine. Uhambo lokunakekela: ukuhlanza uMoya woMfula, ukwenqaba igolide ka-Face, ukusiza umntwana osabekayo u-Boh ukuba afunde ukuhamba, futhi ekugcineni akhethe ukuhamba ngenkululeko kubazali bakhe ngenxa yobudlova kodwa ngokukhumbula.

Lo mklamo wenza uChihiro abe yindawo eqinile kunoma yimuphi umntwana (noma umuntu omdala) oye wazizwa ekhungathekile ngenxa yoshintsho olusheshayo, olunonya. Amakhono avamile awasebenzisayo — ukubopha intambo, ukuhlikihla iphansi, ukunikeza umuthi ohlabayo — uboniswa ngenhlonipho efanayo egcinelwe ukulwa nenkemba. Inkulumo enzima kakhulu ngokuphathelene nokubaluleka kwekhono lansuku zonke nokuqina komzwelo. Ngesikhathi lapho amafilimu amaningi avulekayo egxile ezindabeni ezikhethiwe, uMiyazaki wagcizelela ukuthi ikhono lokukhumbula igama lomuntu futhi “uyabonga” liyimfanelo eqotho kakhulu umuntu angayithola. Lefilosofi enokuthula inikeza [FLD [FL:] ED [F:] [FL:] ED [1]

Ifa Lomhlaba Wonke Nendlela Yokuchaza Isiko

Impumelelo yefilimu ngaphandle kweJapane yazidida kanjani ezinye izingqapheli zezimboni. Indaba egxile kakhulu emicikilishweni yokuhlanjululwa kwezenkolo yobuShinto, imimoya engabonakali, nezidalwa ezihlala kuyo ikhanga izilaleli eTexas noma eToulouse? Ingxenye yempendulo ikhona ekwanqabeni kukaMiyazaki ukuchaza. Akukho mdali othatha isinyathelo sokuchaza i-kami noma ukuhumushela izikhombo zamasiko. Ngokuphatha izwe layo eliqhakazileyo njengetshekile nelicacile, Inqaba ukuguqula izibukeli zizenze umsebenzi wokuzichaza zona ngokwazo. Lokhu kuhlobana nomqondo wokucwiza kwezilaleli ukuthi izinkolelo ezivamile zikhona. Ukugeza akusona isihloko sokuzimela, kuphila ngomphakathi ongaziwa kakhulu kodwa kuzwakala njalo.

Ukwamukelwa okugxekayo kwefilimu kwaqinisa isimo sako. URoger Ebert, owayibiza ngokuthi enye yamabhayisikobho aphile kahle kakhulu akhona, waphawula ukuthi iyakwazi ukuveza ukucwaninga okuhlanganisa indlu yokugeza nomlando . [FLT:]] uhlolo oluhlolayo[, indikimba yokuzichaza kweyanamuhla, nohlobo lwemidwebo yokudweba i-Edo-palm book ye-yuntai. A21 aqhubeke ahlola [[FLT] ngomlando [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT] [indlela engokwesiko], i-flthsss showwn yemist, kanye ne-oralticss activess showsssss jourceds jourv arced syst (ubumbamumome) ehlangene nezindawo zanamuhla. Actives.

Ifa le Elingabonakaliyo alikho e-academia kuphela. Lithonye isizukulwane sabahlaziyi, kuhlanganise ne-Petar Docter kaPixar, futhi izithombe zayo ziye zaba yisifihlaka esibonakalayo. Isifihlabuso esingabonakali sodwa sibonakala ngezingubo ze-Halloween emhlabeni wonke; isitimela esinqamula amanzi sicashunwe emidlalweni yevidiyo nasezincwadini ezicacile. Ifilimu ihlala ngoba ayikaze inqumele entweni elula. Imema imboni ngayinye ukuba ithathe lokho ekudingayo — ukubonakaliswa kokubola kwendawo ezungezile, isifundo sokukhula, noma ukuthokomala kwezwe lapho unkulunkulu okhohliwe angakhumbula khona igama lakho. [FLD:] [FOK: [2]