Izikole zaseJapane zisebenza njengendawo ebanzi yomphakathi, ezembula izindinganiso ezigxilile ngokulandela isiyalo, ukuvumelana kweqembu, nokuphishekela impumelelo yemfundo ngokuphikelelayo. Indlela abafundi abafundiswa ngayo − kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwesikole sabaqalayo kuya ekuhlolweni okuphezulu kwezezomnotho, ukuphakama kwezinkinga zempilo yezezomnotho, futhi ukunqikaza okuhlangeneyo okubekwa kubantu abadala emsebenzini nasemiphakathini. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza ukuchaza kokubili ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo kanye nokudinga kwemfundo engcono, futhi izakhamuzi ezihloniphekile, kunciphisa izinselele zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo, njengokuphakama kwezinkinga zempilo yentsha, ukungalingani kwezomnotho ngethuba, futhi ukungazibambi okuhlangene nokuxhumana okungoko. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza ukuchaza kokubili ukuhlelwa kwezenhlalakahle yezemfundo engxenye ephambili.

Amakhiye Okuthatha Izindawo

  • Izikole zaseJapane zibonisa indlela izwe elisigcizelela ngayo isiyalo, ukubambisana kweqembu nokuzibamba ngokomzwelo.
  • Umncintiswano ophakeme wezemfundo, ogxile ekuhlolweni okuphakeme, ubangela ukucindezeleka kwezenhlalo nempilo engokwengqondo phakathi kwabafundi.
  • Izakhiwo zesikole nezimiso zesikole kuthonywa ngokujulile ukubusa kwesizwe nezindawo, kudala kokubili ukuvumelana nokuqina.
  • Izinguquko kancane kancane zisingatha ukungalingani, ukutubeka kothisha, nokukhuthala kwabafundi, kodwa izimiso zezenhlalo ezigxilile zishintsha kancane kancane.

Umklamo Wesikole: Ukwakhiwa Nokubuswa

Isimiso sesikole saseJapane silandela amasitebhisi aqondile ayizi - 6 363934: iminyaka eyisithupha yesikole esiphansi, iminyaka emithathu yesikole esiphakeme, iminyaka emithathu yesikole esiphakeme, futhi ngokuvamile iminyaka emine yaseyunivesithi. Imfundo iphoqelekile eminyakeni yokuqala engu-9, futhi nakuba isikole esiphakeme singabophekile, izinga lokubhalisa lingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-98, libonisa ukuqiniseka komphakathi ukuthi imfundo yemfundo ephezulu ibalulekile. Uhulumeni wezwe, ngokuyinhloko ngeNkonzo yemfundo, iStudies, iSport, iStech, iScience netechnology (MEXT), umisa uhlelo lwemfundo, uvumela izincwadi zokufundisa, futhi uchaza izindinganiso zemfundo. Amabhodi emfundo yendawo asebenzisa leziqondiso, ukuqasha uthisha, ukuqoqa isikole, ukuhlela nokuhlela imali. Lendlela ehlangene iqinisekisa isisekelo sohlobo lwezwe lonke, kodwa futhi isesilinganisweni segumbi esincane sesikole semfundo esisekuthwale somphakathi ngasinye.

I- Umthetho ongokwemfundo uminisa ifilosofi yesimiso, ugcizelela hhayi nje intuthuko yemfundo kodwa futhi nentuthuko yokuziphatha, umoya womphakathi, nokutshalwa ‘ kwabantu abacebile.' Ngakho, izikole zingokwabantu abanobudlelwane njengalokho kufundiswa. Izimiso zansuku zonke zenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kusuka ekuhlanzweni imisebenzi yasekilasini, futhi kugcizelelwe umuzwa womthwalo wemfanelo ohlangene ohlala nabafundi ekuphileni. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lesimo esiphambili singavimbela ukusungula nokuthuthukisa isimilo, okuneqhaza emsebenzini ongcono kakhulu ezisebenza ngemisebenzi kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kodwa olwisana nokucabanga okuphazamisayo.

Izincwadi Zesiko: Isivumelwano, Izwela, Nokuhlangana Ngaphansi Kwakho

Isivakashi kunoma iliphi ikilasi laseJapane siqaphela ngokushesha indlela amaqembu alawula ngayo isimo somuntu ngamunye. Abafundi basebenza ngamaqembu, bashintshana ngokunikeza isikole ukudla kwasemini, futhi bahlanze isikole ndawonye (umkhuba wabo owaziwa ngokuthi isouji. Akukho kuhlanza; ukugcina indawo ezungezile kungumsebenzi ongokwezimiso ezifanele. Lengqondo ehlangene isekelwe enanini elijulile eliphansi wa [uthando], (uhlobo oludambisa izingxabano nokungathandi izinkanuko zomuntu siqu. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, izingane zifundiswa [[FLT] [FLD:]], [FLD], [FLT], [FLT]], futhi zicabangela abanye abantu, noma ukucabangela, noma ukucabangela, ngokuvamile, noma ukuphathwa kwabanye.

Ezinkulisa, lokhu kulinganisela phakathi kokuzimela nokufuna amalungelo kunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Izingane zifunda ukugqoka, ukupakisha izikhwama zazo, futhi zilandele izigqi zeqembu, zithi ‘ uyabonga ngaphambi kokudla, futhi zihlonipha izindawo ezihlukene. Nakuba lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuzikhuza okuphawulekayo kanye nozwela, futhi kufaka ukucindezela okukhulu komphakathi kubantu ngabanye ukuba bavumelane. Isaga esithi “isipikili esiphumayo siyawandisa” siveza ukungezwani phakathi kobuntu nomphakathi.

Izikole zaseJapane nazo zabangela ukuguquguquka kwemfundo engokomzwelo. Isinqumo esiphikisanayo asivamile ukuhilela ukuphikisana ngokuqondile; kunalokho, othisha bendlu basebenza njengabalamuleli, bakhuthaza abafundi ukuba baqonde izinga lokushisa okungokomzwelo kwekilasi futhi balungise ngokuvumelana nalokho. Lokhu kwenza isimo esizolile, esihlelekile esifiselekayo sokufunda kodwa futhi kufundisa izingane ukuba zicindezele imizwa eyiqiniso, umkhuba kamuva obangela ukuxabana kwabantu abadala ngokwengqondo emsebenzini okulawulwa yizimiso ezifanayo.

Ukucindezela Kwama - Academic Cook: U - Exam, UJuku, Nokuphishekela Ububusi

Impumelelo engokwesayensi eJapane cishe ifana nokusebenza kahle lapho ungena. Lohambo luqala ngokuqondisisa esikoleni samabanga aphansi kodwa luba olungapheli phakathi nesikole esiphakeme nangaphezulu njengoba abafundi belungiselela i-enjini ephezulu yokwephula ukuhlolwa kokungena eyunivesithi . Lenkathi yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “ukuhlola isihogo” ( juken jigo [). Izigxobo ziphakeme ngokungavamile: ukungeniswa eyunivesithi edumile ngokuvamile inquma umsebenzi womshado, amathemba omshado, nokuma komphakathi. Njengomphumela, abafundi babhekana nokucindezela okukhulu kokucushwa okukhulu kwezinto kanye nokuhlola.

Ukuze ithole isiphetho, imikhaya eminingi iphendukela ekutholeni imfundo yokunezela. Joku [[FLT]] (izikole zokufundisa) futhi uthisha wangasese usuke uyimboni yemfundo efanayo. Ngokwe-MEXT, imali esetshenziswa ekhaya emfundweni yokwenezela iyenyuka, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni lapho ukuncintisana kunesihluko. Nakuba i-juku ingagcwalisa khona izikhala futhi ithuthukise amanani, futhi yandisa igebe ngokwezomnotho. Abafundi abavela emikhayeni ecebile bangathenga ilungiselelo elingcono kakhulu, kuyilapho abafundi abaphansi abathola imali bewa njalo, benza ukukhokhwa “intengo yenyama yenyama yezilwane kungabi nalutho kakhulu."

Ikhonsathi yemfundo yesizwe, noma yeSifundo , inikeza lokho umfundi ngamunye okumelwe akufunde, ishiya igumbi elincane kuthisha ukuba liphambuke. Izincwadi ezigunyaziwe aziguquguquki, kodwa ukugcizelelwa kokuphindaphinda nokuhlola okunemithetho eminingi kuvame ukuhlanganisa nokuhlola okugxekayo. Eminyakeni yamuva, iMEXT iye yakhuthaza ukufunda okusebenzayo [[FLT]] izindlela zokuxoxa ngamaqoqo, izingxoxo zemisebenzi esekelwe emaqenjini, kanye nemisebenzi esekelwe ngokwezintshumayelo. Nokho, izikole eziningi zizama ukuhlanganisa lezindlela ngokugcwele, njengoba isithunzi sokuhlola ukuphuma komcaba singenza imiphumela yami.

Impilo Yengqondo Nengqondo: I - toll Efihlekile

Isimo semfundo esingapheli kanye namathemba aqinile ezenhlalo kumnyama. Ukwenqaba kwesikole ([[FLT: 0]]futoko) kuye kwaba yinkinga ephikelelayo, nezibalo ezingokomthetho ze-MEXT zibonisa ukuthi abafundi abangaphezu kuka-240 000 abaqalayo nabancane esikoleni esiphakeme abafundanga esikoleni ngonyaka wamuva. Izimbangela zisuka ekuqineni (] ijidie [[[]) ekukhathazekeni ngezibalo nangokungakwazi ukujwa ukujwayela impucuko eqinile. Imfuculo ngokwayo ihlala iyinkinga engalawuleki naphezu komthetho omelene nonyaka ka-69; ngo-2020 kuphela, kubikwa ukuthi izikole zingaphezu kuka-60 000, ngokweNkonzo yezemfundo.

Ngokudabukisa kakhulu, inani lokuzibulala phakathi kwentsha liyanda ezinyangeni lapho imiphumela yokungena ikhululwa. IHhovisi leKhabhinethi laseJapane liphawule ukuthi izinga lokuzibulala kwalabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-20 liphakeme kakhulu ngo-September 1st, njengoba nje isigaba sesibili siqala futhi ukucindezela kwezemfundo kubuya. Ukusekela kwempilo yengqondo ezikoleni kuyathuthuka kodwa akuzange kwanele: Kuntuleka abeluleki bezikole, futhi ihlazo elihlobene nokufuna usizo olungokwengqondo. Abafundi ngokuvamile banciphisa ukucindezeleka ngenxa yokukhuluma ngaphandle ngenxa yokuncishwa kweqembu.

Ithonya lempilo yengqondo lidlulela ngalé kwekilasi. Isenzakalo ihikikomori (ukuyeka ukuhlalisana kwezenhlalo) ngokuvamile silandela izimpande zezenzakalo zesikole − ukuhluleka ukuhlangabezana namathemba, ukuqinela, noma ukuphelelwa amandla okukhulu kokuzigcina. Lokhu kuphoqelele uhulumeni ukuba andise iziteshi zezokusekela nokwenza imfundo yempilo yengqondo ingene ezifundweni, kodwa imingcele engokwesiko yokuvula ingxoxo ngezinhlupheko ezingokomzwelo ihlala ikhona.

Ukushintsha Isimiso: Iziqondiso Ezintsha Nezinselele Eziphikelelayo

IJapane iye yazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukwenza imfundo yayo inciphe kulezi zinkinga zezenhlalo. yutori [ukuvuselelwa] kwezinguquko zemfundo ekupheleni konyaka ka-1990 nonyaka ka-20000 kuncishisiwe, ihlose ukudambisa ukucindezeleka nokusungula. I-panel yaba nejubane: abazali abaningi nabenzi bemithetho babesaba ukuthi izindinganiso zemfundo ziyawa, futhi ukusebenza kwezwe ekuhloleni kwezizwe zonke njengePISA kwancipha okwesikhashana. Ngenxa yalokho, i-pendulu yahlehlela emuva ezifundweni eziqinile, futhi amahora esikole aphinde anyuke. Lokhu kuveza indlela ezinkondlo zomphakathi ezifundisayo ezingenisweni zomphakathi zomuntu siqu.

Izinguquko zamuva kakhulu ziye zagxila [ ekufundani isikhathi eside nase emfundweni yezenhlalo[. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ulwazi ludinga ukuvuselelwa kwekhono okuqhubekayo, ohulumeni bendawo ." njengalabo base Akita Prefecture . baye basungula izikhungo zokufundisa umphakathi ezinikeza yonke into kusukela ekuqeqesheni umsebenzi ukuya emakilasini angokwesiko kubantu abadala. Umqondo wemfundo njengenqubo yokuphila ibekela inselele umqondo ongokwesiko owendabuko owenyukayo enyuvesi, futhi ukhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlale zikhona futhi zivumelana nezimo.

Indima yabafundisi ibuye ihlolwe. Ikhomishane yezwe ethuthukisa imfundo iye yatusa ukuba othisha bashiye ukuba babe abadluliseli bolwazi abamsulwa kubafundisi abaqondisa abafundi abanenkinga 76soling, uzwela, nokufunda ngemidwebo. Nokho, ukutubeka kothisha kuyindaba yamahlalakhona. Abafundisi baseJapane basebenza amahora amade kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe e-OECD, ngenxa yokwengamela iqembu, imisebenzi yokuphatha, kanye namathemba okuba abaqondisi bezimiso zokuziphatha. Ukushintsha isimiso akudingi ukushintsha kwezimiso kodwa ukushintsha kwezimiso kuphela kodwa ukubheka izinto zobuciko okuthiya uthisha azisa izinga elihle futhi kunciphisa umthwalo wesimo somphakathi.

Imizamo yokuthatha ukungalingani kokufundisa [[FLT: 1] iyanda ijubane. Izinhlelo ezifana nangemva kokusekela kokufunda isikole kubafundi abaswele kanye nezikole zemfundo eziphambili zezikole ezizimele ezihloselwe ukuhlomisela inkundla yokudlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikole eziningi zomphakathi zinikeza izifundo eziphambili nezinhlelo ze-baccalaudiare ezizoncintisana nezinhlangano zangasese. Nakuba lezi zinyathelo zisiza, impikiswano eyisisekelo yokuthola ukukhululeka nezindleko zemfundo ephakeme ihlala ingumbaza. Iqiniso liyodinga ukutshala imali ephakeme kakhulu emfundweni yomphakathi nempumelelo engcono kakhulu ngaphezu kwengxenye yeyunivesithi ekhona.

Imfundo Yokudla Nendlela Yokuhlala Engaphucukile: ISukuikuku Ekwenza

Isici esihlukile semfundo yaseJapane ehlanganisa izimpikiswano zezenhlalo ezibanzi yiye shokuikuiku, noma imfundo yokudla. Enthrined ku 2005 Basic Law on Shokuiku, imfundo yokudla iyingxenye efunekayo yezifundo. Izikole zisebenzisa ochwepheshe abaklama ukudla okunomsoco, bafundisa abafundi ngezolimo olufanele. Lunch akusona isigaba nje kuphela, lapho izingane zifunda khona ukukhonzana, ukubonga, futhi ziqonde ukubaluleka kokudla.

Lokhu kugxila ekudleni okunempilo kuyindlela eqondile yokusabela ekukhathazekeni okukhulayo ngezingane ezikhulupheleyo, ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla, nokulahlekelwa yisiko lokudla. Ngokufundisa izingane zisencane, iJapane ihlose ukwakha imikhuba enempilo yaphakade futhi inciphise izifo ezihlobene nayo. Isimo somphakathi sesikole sasemini siqinisa ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo, njengoba abafundi bedla ukudla okufanayo, behlanza ndawonye, futhi bexoxa ngemvelaphi yokudla. Nakuba lesi simiso sinconywa kakhulu, sinezela futhi olunye uhlobo lweyunifomu: ukudla akuyona into engokomphakathi kodwa okuthandwayo, futhi ukuphambuka kungaphazamisana nomphakathi. Noma kunjalo, izikole zokudla ziveza indlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo njengezimoto ukuze zikhulumelane nezinkinga zempilo yesizwe lapho zingenela ukungenela.

Umphumela We - ripple Emphakathini

Izindlela ezisungulwe ezikoleni ziphumela emphakathini waseJapane. Ukugcizelela ukuzwana nokuyala kwenza izisebenzi eziyaziwa ngokugcina isikhathi, ngokunemba, nangokunciphisa amazinga obugebengu. Nokho, izindinganiso ezifanayo zingacindezela ukungavumelani nokwehlukile, okunengxenye ekukhiqizeni kwezinye izingxenye. Ukuhlela okukhulu kwezemfundo kudala isigaba esithatha isisekelo esilingana kakhulu namakhono angempela, nomsebenzi wokuphila okuhlangene eduze negama lomuntu okhona eyunivesithi kunokuba ubonise impumelelo eqhubekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala okungokwengqondo “kokuhlolwa kwesihogo” nokuvumelana komphakathi kuhlobene nezinselele ezibanzi zomphakathi. Amanani andayo eJapane okucindezeleka, ukuwohloka komshado nokuzala, kanye nokukhula kokuyeka ukuba phakathi kwabantu kunezimbangela eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ukucindezeleka okubangelwa yimfundo kuyisici esibalulekile. Uma intsha ichitha iminyaka yayo yokuzihlela endaweni lapho ukuhluleka kuyinhlekelele futhi idumazeka, ngokuvamile iqala ukuba umuntu omdala onomqondo obuthakathaka wokuzimela yena ngokwakhe.

Ngakho - ke imizamo yokuguqula imfundo iyahluka emkhankasweni wokuvuselela umphakathi waseJapane. Isikole esisekela ngempela impilo yengqondo, sihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka, futhi sivune amandla angcono kakhulu angenza abafundi bajabule kuphela kodwa futhi nomnotho ovuselelekayo. Ukuqhubeka kwemfundo eqhubekayo, ukuchuma, nemfundo yokuphila konke kubonakalisa ukuqaphela lokhu kuhlangana. Kodwa, njengakunoma isiphi isimiso sokuziphatha esinemisuka ejulile, ushintsho oluhlala njalo luyodinga isibindi sokungabaza lokho osekuthathe isikhathi eside kubhekwa njengokuphumelela.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezimiso zemfundo nezibalo zamaJapane, vakashela [[FLT: 0] umbiko wemfundo, i-Fluct, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Ukuqhathanisa kwezizwe ngezizwe, i-OECD Emfundo eGLAnce[ umbiko onikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile. Ukuqonda izinselele zempilo yengqondo, iNhlangano yezempilo yezwe lonke [[FLT:] inikeza imithombo yezentengiso. Okunye ukufunda ngempatho nokunqaba kwesikole kungatholakala [[FLT] [FLT].Nicom'isici sezemfundo [[FL:] [FLT]