Izindaba ziphumelela ngokujwayela ukujwayela ukuqaphela izindlela, kusukela kumeluleki ohlakaniphile kuya kuqhawe elihlubukayo. Kodwa uma wonke umuntu ezizwa njengepulani eguquliwe, ngisho nodwebo oluvusa amadlingozi lungawa. Ubuciko bobuntu abukhonakali ekulahleni ngokuphelele lamapulani; ukukwazi ukuthi uzowasonga nini entweni engalindelekile. Ngokufunda ukubekela izinselele nokubhala futhi ubhale izigijimi, abalobi baguqula uhlobo olucacile lwemikhondo lube kubantu abahlala ezingqondweni zethu esikhathini eside ngemva kwekhasi noma izikweletuze. Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi kungani ukuphambuka kwemigqa kuphendukele kakhulu kwemijaho ekhuluma ngezindaba zanamuhla, nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yintambo ethinta inhliziyo exhumanisa abafundini bakho.

Ukuthi inkembe zophawu ziyini ngempela — futhi Isizathu sokuba Zinamathele

Ngaphambi kokuba uphazamise i-trope, kumelwe uyiqonde njengenye nje i-cliché. I-Trops iyizitini zokuxhumana. Ihlanganisa izinhlamvu zamasheya njengoKhethiweyo, i-femma Fatare, noma i-Trickster; imiklamo efana nonxantathu wesibani noma unxantathu weqhawe ongafuni; futhi imidwebo efana nokuqeqesha i-montage. Ekwakheni i-trope isebenza njengohlobo lwesaphuzo. Uma umfundi ehlangana nomsethi ngenkinga yokuphuza nendwangu, zonke izimbobo zemuva nobuntu obungathandekiyo zingenawo umugqa wombukiso. Lokhu kwenza i-trope iphile.

Ukunxusa kobuchopho kuyiqiniso. Uma umeluleki ngamunye ewumbhuduzeli, wonke owesifazane uhola isithakazelo kuqala, futhi i-tropes ingumfanekiso oqophayo ozwakala emasikweni − ikhomba uJoseph Campbell ngokudume ngokudwetshwa eHero's Journey. Kodwa ukudayisa akunakwedelela kakhulu. Uma umeluleki ngamunye eyisisebenzi esikhulile, wonke owesifazane uhola isithakazelo sothando kuqala futhi umuntu oyisifazane, futhi wonke umkhohlisi uhola amandla ashukumisayo ebubi obumsulwa, izilaleli ziyayeka ukusebenza. Baya emoyeni yemoto.

Amandla Okuguqula Okuthola Umbhalo

Ukuguqula uphawu lwe-trope akusho nje ukwenza okuphambene nalokho okulindelwe. Lokhu kungaba njengevila elifanayo − ukuguqula iqhawe libe yisigebengu ukuze nje lihlabe amanothi. Ukuguqukela kweqiniso kuhilela ukumisa indlela esobala bese uhlola imiphumela eqotho, ewubuntu yokuphuka. Lendlela ivusa ingqondo yezilaleli, ibangela amaphutha amasha nezibikezelo okwenza izindaba zizizwe ziphila.

Izinzuzo zokuvukela okunengqondo zijule kakhulu:

  • Ukubuyisela okungaguquguqukiyo: Uma umdlali enqaba ukulandela umbhalo wabo omisiwe − uma intombazane izisindisa hhayi ngesenzo esisodwa sokuzijezisa kodwa ngekhono elingaguquguquki, elivunyiwe . Izinga lokuthintana nenhlonipho kanye nokutshala imali. Yisihla esingenza izibukeli zibuke inkundla noma abafundi benja ngekhasi.
  • Ukungaxezululi: Ibrorhoos eyenziwe kahle yenza umqondo wokuthi noma yini ingayenzeka. Okusho ukuthi indaba isebenza ngokuhluzekile ngokokuziphatha nangokwengqondo okungathathwanga ngesahluko sokuqala. Lokhu kugcina izingxoxo ezimnandi kanye nezingalawuleki.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ingcaciso ye-Cult: I-TY] ithwala imithwalo (ngokuvamile] izimo eziphelelwe isikhathi eziphathelene nobulili, amandla, nesazi sobuso. Ukuveza i-trope kungaba impikiswano ethule kodwa enamandla. Uhlamvu olubhalwe ngokumelene nohlobo lungangangangabaza ukuthi siphetheni ngamandla, ukukhululwa, noma ukuxebuka ngaphandle kokuphuma kulendaba ukuze sishumayele.

Ukuhlola ngokujulile ukuthi ukuguqukela kwenye indawo kungasetshenziswa kanjani njengecebo lokulandisa ngezindaba ngamabomu, imithombo yomlobi enjengo- Manje uNovel uqondisa ekuphambukeni kwama-trope unikeza izisekelo ezisebenzayo abalobi abaningi abaye bazisebenzisa ekuklameni imibhalo yabo yesandla.

Lapho Izindlela Zokuphoqa Zishaya Isiboniso: Izibonelo Ezinamandla Ngaphesheya Kwemithombo Yezindaba

Izinhlamvu ezikhumbuleka kakhulu zamashumi amabili eminyaka adlule azibhalwanga kahle; zisuke ziphikise ngentshiseko ukuthi yini ebezicabanga ukuthi ziyini. Izenzakalo ezimbalwa ezivelele zibonisa indlela ukuguqukela kombuso okuphakamisa ngayo konke ukulandisa.

U - Elsa Nenkululeko Evela Embusweni Owodwa WaseNote

I-Delsey's ivame ukukhonjwa, futhi ngesizathu esihle. U-Elsa akayena nje "dimsel" ofunda ukulwa; ufunda ukuphinda asebenzise amandla nokuzehlukanisa umuntu. Ingoma edumile izakumjikijela njengeshwa noma i-slected ukuze asindiseke ngokuqabula kwenkosana. Kunalokho, i-Elsa's seagundane ngokuzifunela ngokwayo nomthwalo owesabekayo wamandla ongenalo ilebula. Ingoma yakhe "Yiya" izwa kabanzi ngoba ayizange ikhubaze amakhosana kuphela kodwa imqondo wabesifazane okuthiwa yikho okumelwe uqhubekeke noma ukwenziwa iminikelo. Isifundo esiwuhlobo.

UWalter White Nokungaphiki Kwawo Wonke Umuntu Onesihawu

Ku Ukuthatha Amandla, ukuguqula ugesi kuthatha kancane, kuwubuthi obusebenzisa indlela. UWalter White uqala njengothisha wemfundo ephakeme yezobuchwepheshe nokuhlolwa komdlavuza (isimiso esimemeza "i-protagononist" sizakubona ubuhlungu obungalawuleki" kunalokho, isiboniso sixebukisa ikhethini lokuziqhayisa, ukuqhosha, nonya. Uchungechunge lungabuza: Uma umuntu omnene opholile engonakele, kodwa umuntu omubi ozimo zakhe zimnika imvume?, izilaleli zinyuswe kanjani ukuba ziphakamele ngenswe ngesilo. Lokhu kuphakanyiswa kwe "anti-rope" kuguqula indaba yaso, [FFoctive]] [2] ukuguqula i-Whitemscromes.[3]

IKatnis Everdeen Nesindela Esingekho ERoma

Imidlalo yendlala izindawo ezintathu ze-Katnis ebhokisini elivamile lophawu olukanxantathu, kodwa akalokothi awudlale ngokugcwele umdlalo. Isisusa sakhe esiyinhloko siwukusinda (waye nomndeni wakhe) futhi imidlalo edinga ijubane eliphambili kuwe, ukuthukuthela kwakhe, kanye nengqondo yakhe yobuqili. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwe "ama-pien proganonist" kumelwe kukhethe umfana" ukucindezela okubonakala sengathi ungumuntu wempi ephilile kunayenzwe umholi wothando. Uchungechunge oluhlukanisayo lugcina, olubona iKatnis ephukile futhi eqala ngokuthula kunokuba aholele inguquko, kuholele umkhosi we-Mosideli.

Joe Goldberg Nesihenqo Esingenakuthenjwa

UCaroline Keppnes Wena (noshintsho lwayo kuthelevishini) luchitha ukuhola kothando ngokunarrayeza ngokuqondile embonweni womhlazi. Joe Goldberg ufunda futhi ubheke njengendoda ezwelayo, ekwaziyo ukufunda izincwadi eyakuba yiqhawe le-rom-com, kodwa i-monognome yakhe yangaphakathi yembula izibalo ezicaphukisayo ezingaphansi. Le flip "cute jor" ne" sutus" ibonisa i-tropesss ngokunikeza nje ukufinyelela kwengqondo evumelana nakho konke, iphoqelela ukuba izimpawu zokuthika impande yesimilo, kwenye i-injini ekhanyisayo.

Umdlalo Wezihlalo Nokufa Kwezikhali Ezihlotshisiwe

George R.R. Martin's uchungechunge lwengoma yeqhwa nomlilo lwaduma ngenxa yokwenza lokho okwazwakala njengokubhubhisa ngokuhleleka kweHero's Journey. Ned Stark waziswa njengowe-protagonist ohloniphekile, umuntu ozolandela empini. Ukubulawa kwakhe ekupheleni kwencwadi yokuqala akuyona nje icebo lokujikijelwa; kuyisici sokuthi imithetho yalelizwe ayivikeli ubuhle. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Steinberg (ukuthi ubuhle) akusona isivikelo somhloniphiso ocacisweyo. Kwakheka ukuthi izindlebe zomuntu zisuke zibekwe phansi ngenxa yokufuna amaphupho nethelevishini. Kwalungisa umhlaba wezinsibezo ezifana neTyrion Lan, okunethenwa kwakhe okuzifihla isikhumba, no-Rann, oqala ukukhombanisa kakhulu futhi aqala ukuhluza kakhulu kwemicinyo enzile.

Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Zokufihla Izintambo Ezinenjongo

I-ploat akumelwe izizwe njenge-panc edonswa izilaleli. Kumele isetshenziselwe, ihambisane, futhi ihlanganiswe ngokulandelana. Nawa amasu amahlanu akuvumela ukuba uphinde usebenzise isikhunta ojwayelene naso ube yinto yokuqala.

  • Ukwehlisa ukushiyeka kosekelo. Uhlobo olukhulu lwezimo olufihlekile luphethe ubuthakathaka obufihlekile. OKhethiweyo uvame ukuhlushwa ukukhubazeka komzimba noma ukunqunyeka okunqunyiwe. UMentor uhlakaniphile kodwa ukude ngokomzwelo. Qonda ukungezwani okusemqoka kwenhlanganisela obekusebenza ngayo bese uyibeka phakathi kohambo lophawu ngendlela ephula isikhunta. Undo olunentethene esifuna ukuxhumana nokwenza izinqumo ezisabekayo ukuze ugcine iqhawe liseduze nesiqondiso esikhanyiselwe enhlekeleleni kuya eqophelweni.
  • nikeza umdlali ugqozi oluphikisana nohlobo lwe-arch. U-"rebel ngaphandle kwesizathu" i-trope eyisidala. Uma imbangela iyinto ethandwa kakhulu futhi ingenawo uhulumeni, kodwa unakekela umzali ogulayo? Ukuvukela kuhlala, kodwa izisusa zisusa lo mkhuba kuwesifebe wonke umuntu, zinezela ungqimba lwe-gript. Ukuhlanganisa i-Femma Cantale's system njengendlela yokusinda efundwe ekukhapheni kwesimiso sokuzingela, kunokuba kufundiswe ububi obungokwemvelo, kwenza izilaleli zicabange kabusha isahlulelo sazo.
  • Sebenzisa i-intrip ukuze ubhale kabusha, ungathetheleli. Isikhathi esidlule esidabukisayo esisetshenziselwa ukuthethelela ububi babo singaba yi-trope ekhatheleyo. Ukuhlikihla okusho ukwembula umlando owenza izilaleli ziqonde inqubo yokulwa ngaphandle kokunyakazisa umonakalo. Bonisa ubuhlungu obubangelwayo hhayi njengenhlansi ekhalayo, kodwa ngezibazi zazo zokuziphatha ezibonisa indlela izimpawu zobuntu obuncane, ezimbi ezibonisa ngayo. Lokhu kususa uzwela olulula lapho kudala ulwazi olunzulu lwengqondo.
  • I-partical promosession nezimpawu eziphikisanayo. Owesifazane oyiqhawe ophinde abe umzali omnene, umqambi wezenkolelo - ze, umkhohlisi ongaziqambi amanga nhlobo, uzwa ukuthi ungumuntu kunokuqamba u-trope-compliant. Uma wakha abalingi ababambe izimpawu eziningi, ababonakala bephikisana, uchitha ngokuzenzakalela amathemba afihlwayo afike ngohlobo olulodwa lwe-arch. Imiqondo ephambene ayihlangene kakhulu ngokuhlola amabhokisi; bayazi ukuvuna ukuxabana okucebile okwenza abalingishi bangakwazi ukushoshoshoshoshosho lutho.
  • dlala ngemidwebo ebaliwe. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuguqulwa kwezwe kwenzeka ngesilinganiso sokulandisa indaba. Uma umdlali eqala ngamehlo othile okhonza izithombe noma ozedelelayo, ukuqonda komfundi kuyahlungwa. Kamuva, uma ukulandisa kucwenganisa izenzakalo ezifanayo ngokombono wangaphakathi oluhlaza, i-trope iphahla. "intombazane ye-manic pixie" iba umuntu wangempela ngemizamo yakhe siqu yesikhashana ikhamera ishintsha futhi akasawusekeli umsebenzi wokukhula kwabesilisa.

Izingozi Ezicashile: Lapho Ukuluka Kusemuva Komlilo

Kuyo yonke imivuzo yayo, ukuchitha i-trope akuyona inselele yomlingo. Uma iphathwa ngesandla esinzima, ingalimaza ubuhlobo phakathi kwabaxoxeli nezilaleli.

Ukuphikisana ngaphandle kokukhomba. Ubuntu obulwa nohlobo lokubhidliza nje kuphela buyozizwa bungenanjongo. Uma umphilisi onomusa ngokungazelele ephuka futhi enza ukubulala ngonya okungabonisi phawu lwangaphambili lwalelo khono, izilaleli zizizwa zikhohlisiwe kunokuba zishaqe. I-cootry kumele ifakwe ngokuthula, cishe ngezimpawu ezingabonakali eziveza injongo. Izimo ezingcono kakhulu yilezo ezikwenza uthi "Indlela yendlela," ngoba isisekelo senziwa, hhayi ngoba umlobi wakhohlisa.

Ukusiza izilaleli zakho ezingaphakathi. Abafundi abanezinkomba nezibukeli bangena indaba eneziqephu zezithembiso eziphelele `uthando oluphelayo, ukubulala okuyimfihlo kunquma indida. Ukususa i-trope echaza isithembiso esichaza izindonga ezithwele imithwalo futhi ezihlobisayo. Uma ubhala into enzima nesesemfashini uphendukile ukuze unikeze yonke incazelo, uphule izivumelwano. Cabangela lokho okuthi i-trope okuthwala izindonga futhi okuhlobisayo. Ungazizwa ungayilungisa ngokunakekela ngokunakekela; i-thumbukuthuluku, impahla edinga ukubukisa ngokwengeziwe.

U-athoring umlayezo ofingqiwe kunohlobo. Uma ukuguqulwa [i-fusion] kuba yithuluzi elisebenzayo −""Iyenza lona wesifazane abe namandla ngokomzimba kunawo wonke amadoda ukufakazela iqophelo"] uhlamvu lube uphawu, hhayi umuntu. Izibonakaliso ziyafiphala. Aziphefumuli. Inkathi izilaleli zizwa zifundiswa, ukuxhunyaniswa okungokomzwelo kuyahlukana. Ubuntu obuvukelayo kufanele buzizwe njengomuntu osebenza ngokugcwele ozenzo zakhe zisuka ekucabangeni kwangaphakathi, ngisho noma lokho mqondo kulindele.

Ukulandela ngaphandle kokuphinde kusetshenziswe. Ekuzameni ukugwema ama-trope alula, abanye abalobi banqwabelana ngezici eziphikisanayo kuze kube yilapho uhlamvu luyinqaba. Umfundi udinga ukuqaphela imizwelo noma isifiso esijulile (ukuza) ukutshala. Ngisho nomuntu ovukela kakhulu kufanele abe nesifiso, ukwesaba, noma uthando oluqondakala yonke indawo. Ngaphandle kwe-ankile, ukuguqulwa komsindo.

Ukuhlolwa kwecala: Ukuphikiswa kwe-'Choise' e-Fantasy yanamuhla

Kusukela eNkosini u - Arthur kuya kuHarry, umbumbi oprofethiwe ozosindisa umhlaba udeda izinganekwane zethu eziwumphakathi.

J.K. u-Rrowling ngokwakhe watshala imbewu yokuphambuka kwasekuqaleni: I-Neville Longbottom kungenzeka ukuthi yayingumfana owaphila. Lowomugqa owodwa waphinde walungisa uhambo lukaHarry njengomphumela wokukhetha, hhayi isiprofetho esimisiwe. I-trope ilulazwa ngokufaka icebo laphezulu. Kamuva imisebenzi yasunduza phambili. KuN.K. Jemisin's iNkathi yesihlanu , i-ogne proganist Estun inamandla, umhlaba ungena umgcini mlilo okhethiwe, futhi akakho ngendlela ewuphucakele; uphukile, owesifazane othanda ukusinda kwakhe nokuqhuba inqaba yakhe emhlabeni wonke udwebe ubudlova. I-Fibrene ewud .

Efilimini, ISivumo sobugqizi: ukuthi uma inguMbodwa nje ihlelwe njengenye ijele, kodwa isimo sakhe esiKhethiweyo saphenywa ngokushesha. Ukholo lukaMorpheus lwacishe lwaba nehlazo, futhi aba-sequel bahlola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isiprofetho ngokwaso sasiyisimiso sokulawula. Ukuguqulwa kuyajula: uma kunguYena ngomunye wejele oklanyelwe ukudlulisela ukuhlubuka emizileni elindelekile? Lokhu kujikijekile kubonisa ukuthi ukubhikisha i-trope kungaphoqa isakhiwo sezindaba esinamathela kuso. Ukusondela kule mithetho eqinile yenqaba kwembula isifundo: ukuguqulwa kwecala kusebenza kangcono lapho kuphendula umbuzo. Uma indaba yakho ibuza "Intengo engakanani ekhethekile?", ukuphakamisa i-robodwa kwe-stparpe, kunokuba iphakamise i-trap.

Ukukhuphuka Okubalulekile Embukisweni Wakho Wokubhala

Ukuqamba abalingiswa abavukeli akuyona inqubo yokuhlala phansi uthi "Manje ngizoyifihla i-pixtype embi" iwumsebenzi onzima. Qala ngokubuza uchungechunge lwemibuzo yokuhlola wonke umuntu omkhulu endabeni yakho:

  • Lo mlingiswa uzikholelwa ukuthi yini engalungile ngokuphelele ngabo?
  • Iyiphi into emangalisayo abangayenza ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu, futhi ngani?
  • Yikuphi ukulangazelela okubonakala kuwukufeza ubuntu babo, futhi bachithaphi ngempela?
  • Uma lo mdlali ebengahluleka ngokumangalisayo esabelweni sakhe ‘ sentambo, ’ bekuyobukeka kanjani lokho?

Bhala isenzakalo esisukela esikhathini sabo esidlule esiphikisana nohlobo lwabo lwamanje. Uma beyiqhawe elizethembayo, babonise bekhubazeke ngokuzikhethela. Uma beyizisebenzi zokunakekela, babonise beshiya othile ngesikhathi sokuziphindisela. Sebenzisa lezizingcezu zezinsalela hhayi ukuze usakaze, kodwa ukuze wakhe ukucindezeleka okungakhuthazi okuzovuza ezwini lakho lokulandisa.

Okunye ukuvivinya okunamandla "ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sentambo." Thatha umuntu onyatheliswe othanda ukuthi ubani ophazamisa indlela yokusebenza. Thoba isikhathi esiqondile lapho ukulindela nokusuka ngokoqobo. Qaphela ukuthi yini umbhali ayigodlayo, yini eyaboniswa, futhi lapho uzwa ukuthi idena lehla. Abaphathi abanjengoToni Morrison (abanophawu olungavumelani ne-tripes eshaqisayo) noma i-Kazuo Ishigulator (ohes angenakukwazi ukukuguqula) angakufundisa ngendlela efihlekile ukuthi incwadi yokuvuma izono ayinakukwazi ngayo.

Ikusasa Lophawu Olubi Enkathini Yezingoma Ze - Savvy

Izibukeli zanamuhla zifika zihlome ngokufunda ukulandisa. Zibone izinkulungwane zezindaba, futhi zihogela amazindi okuthatha amafomu ezithombe emakhasini ambalwa okuqala. Umngcele olandelayo wokuthuthukisa izimpawu zobuntu awukona ukusungula uhlobo olusha lohlobo lwemiklamo − ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka − kodwa ukumba amadala ngokucophelela kangangokuthi zizizwa zintsha. Lokhu kudinga ukuzimisela ukuhlala enkingeni exekethile, ukuvumela abalingiswa ukuba banciphe, ukwamukela leyo nguquko ingase ilahlekise abafundi abathile abafuna ukududuzwa yinduduzo.

Kodwa umvuzo uyamangalisa. I-trope ephambukisiweyo ingaba isikhathi sokuxhumana kwangempela endaweni yemithombo yezindaba enomsindo. Uma umdlali edida amathemba angekhona neze, asiwahloli nje kuphela, asiwakhumbuli. Siwacaphulela. Siphikisana ngawo. Lena indlela yokubhala eqinile: ukuthatha insimbi eyisisekelo ye-cliché futhi uthande okuthile okubamba isibuko ebunkingeni bomuntu. Ekupheleni, umgomo awuhlukile ngenxa yomehluko, kodwa ukwethembeka ngendlela ezwakala imangaza kakhulu, ngoba kuyamangalisa. Kuyi-trope, kufunde, bese kudonsa i-flopy ekwenza kube nokubukeka okuvamile.