Kusukela edwaleni lakudala kuya emfuleni wamuva owenziwe ngomdwebo owehlayo, ukulandisa kuwumcu wendaba ohlanganisa ulwazi lomuntu. Kuyo yonke indaba, sithola abalingiswa abazizwa bejwayelene ngokushesha − iqhawe eliselisha elihlakaniphile, umeluleki omdala ohlakaniphile, isifebe esimnyama. Lezi zibalo azisuswa emoyeni omncane; zakhiwe ngezindlela ezijulile ezidlula inganekwane ngayinye. Lemidwebo, eyaziwa njenge tropes, isebenza njengezimpawu ze-DNA ze-ardex, iveza izithembiso ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ikhasi lokuqala liphendulwe noma umfanekiso wokuqala uvuleke. Ukuqonda indima ye-tropes akuyona nje indlela yokufundisa. Kubalobi, iyisihluthulelo sokubala izindaba zobuciko eziqolo lwe-vésracrate, futhi ngenxa yezilaleli ezithile, kuchaza ukuthi kungani izilaleli zethu.

Ukuchaza Intambo: Izithiyo Zokwakha Zokungalawuleki

I-trope iwumhlangano obonakala kahle phakathi komsebenzi wokudala − i-pagrafi, i-scheme, noma uhlobo lophawu oluvela kade ezindabeni eziningi. Ezincwadini, kumabhayisikobho, kumathelevishini, nasemendweni wevidiyo, i-trope isebenza njengohlobo lwesandla esifingqiwe. Uma umdlali ehamba endlini efake isigqoko esimnyama futhi egcona, izilaleli ziqonda ngokushesha ukuthi zicishe ziyi-antabrononist. Lokhu kuqaphela ngokushesha akuwona umphumela we-stape enzima; kungumsebenzi we-trope. [[FLTLD]] i-ompotory enjenge-TV [[FLTLD]] ziphethe izinkulungwane zalemiculi, zibonisa ukuthi zigcwele kanjani indawo yethu yokuxhumana.

Ama-Trope avame ukudideka ne-clichés, kodwa izinto ezihlukanisayo. I-trope iba yi-cliché kuphela lapho ibulawa ngaphandle kokucabangela, incishiselwe egobolondoni elingenalutho lenjongo yayo yakuqala. Kusimo sayo esinempilo, i-trope ngamathuluzi okusebenza kahle. Ivumela umbhali wendaba ukuba adlulise ukuhlelwa okude futhi ahlole ngokuqondile phakathi kwesimo esingokomzwelo noma sokuziphatha. Ukubiza umdlali ngokuthi “umfundisi” ngokushesha kwakheka ulwembukwane lwezi izinxulumane: ukuhlakanipha, isiqondiso, ukufa, futhi ngokuvamile isipho esibalulekile. Izilaleli zigcwala emagebebeni azo siqu, zidala ubuhlobo obubambisana phakathi komdali nomthengi. Nokho, lokho kungenza into efanayo uma i-senzile, i-ssssss ijika iso.

Amandla Ahlala Njalo Ezinhlobo Zobuntu

Ngaphansi kwe-tropes ngayinye kunesici esijulile, sasendulo kakhulu sohlobo oluyikhothamo. Umqondo, ofundwa kakhulu isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uCarl Jung futhi kamuva owathandwa kakhulu ngenkolelo-lwazi nguJoseph Campbell ( u-“iHero enezimo eziyinkulungwane”[), ubhekisela ekwahlukaniseni kwembulunga yonke, izinhlamvu zenganekwane ezihloselwe abantu. I- Archetypes ayizona izifebe ezikhethekile kodwa i-xture: isimo esingaphakathi seHero, i-Trickster. Jung waphikisa ngokuthi lezi zibalo zisuka ku-odebe elingaziwa, uhlobo lwefa elingokwengqondo elichaza ukuthi kungani amaqhawe esiGreki, ama-Arash, amabhayisikobho avamile e-mist.

Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwezici luvela ngeqoqo lamathemba agxilile avezwayo manje nge-tropes ethile. Uhlobo lwe-Hero e-arch lungabonakala nge-tropes enjenge- “Okhethiweyo,”“ i-Reluct Hero,” noma “iNhlolo-Vumbano.” Uhlobo lwe-Mentor ehloniphekile luvame ukufika ngokuthi “Indoda Ehlakaniphile” noma“ oluphelele. Uhlobo lwesithunzi luthatha uhlobo lwe-“Nkosi Emnyama,” noma“ i-Fallenro,” noma “iNkulumbuso Engcolile.” I-Prophini eliphakathi kwe-pidek ekhothayo naleyo eyaziwayomdabuko luyikhomba ngendlela efike ngesikhathi esifike ngesikhathi nengena sikhathi. Uhlu oluvamile lwensuntlude olubonisa lobulongwe:

  • [[I-QUTY:0] IHero: ifaka indaba phambili, ibhekene nempi enkulu, nemihlatshelo ngenxa yento enkulu. I-Trope: intanda, ekhethiwe, emelene nehero.
  • IMenta: Inikeza ukuhlakanipha, amathuluzi, nokuqeqesha. Izikhathi eziningi kuyafa noma kuyamuka ukuze kuphoqelelwe iqhawe ukuba lizimele. Ama-Trops: inkosi endala, uthisha odidekile.
  • Isithunzi: simelela ukubonakaliswa okumnyama kweqhawe, umthakathi ovame ukuhlanganyela iphutha eliyinhloko noma inxeba. Intambo: isibuko esimnyama, umkhohlisi ngegxathu.
  • [[I-FLT:0] I-Ally/Sidekick: inikeza ukusekela, ukuqabuleka kwamahlaya, noma umbono ohlukile. I-Trops: umngane othembekile, ukukhululeka kwamahlaya, unembeza.
  • ITrickster: isusa isimo semo, iletha ushintsho phakathi kwesiyaluyalu, ngokuvamile isebenza ngaphandle kwemithetho. Ama-Trope: umuntu okhohliweyo, i-cound jague, i-scoundrel ethandekayo.

Ikhono lombhali lixhomeke ekukhetheni ukuthi ikuphi okumelwe kwamukele futhi kuphi, ngaso sonke isikhathi izilaleli zibheke ukuthi ziyozichaza kanjani izimpawu.

Indlela Ama - telpe Athonya Ngayo Amathemba Okwanelisayo

Umfundi ngamunye noma isibonisi sithatha indaba ephethe umtapo ongabonakali wolwazi. Lomtapo wakhiwa ngezindaba zokuqala eziwuzwayo, opopayi ababukayo, futhi zonke izincwadi ezifundwayo abazidlayo. Uma indaba iveza, ubuchopho budlula ngokushesha izimpawu ezizayo kulomtapo. Umdlali oqanjwe ngenqikazo edabukisayo namandla ayimfihlo ashukumisa ukufiphala “ko okhethiwe,” futhi izilaleli ziqala ukuveza izibikezelo: kuyoba khona ukuhlaba umkhosi, ukwenqaba, umeluleki, ukuxabana kokugcina. Injabulo yendaba ebekwe ngokwengxenye ifaka ekuqinisekiseni lezi zibikezelo − −a uhlobo lomculo, ushaya ukuthi ukujwa umculo.

Induduzo Yabantu Abajwayelene Nabo: Isizathu Sokuba Siqaphe Izindlela Eziphawulekayo

I-cogpary psychology isikisela ukuthi ukuqaphela isilinganiso sendlela yokusinda; ubuchopho bethu bunemicikilisho yokufuna ukuhleleka nokubikezela. Endabeni, lokhu kuguqula ukuphepha okungokomzwelo. Ukubuka i-meet-cureep” nokubona i-trope ekhangisayo kanye ngendlela elindelekile. Izilaleli azibukeli ibhayisikobho ye- Hallmark ukuze zixazululeke izifiso zazo. Kunalokho, ukuphindaphindeka okuthambile kwedolobha-agodl-tom-tom-fill-find-find-m-mfortle-omfol zenza i-mcimbiza imfimfihlo. Lokhu kungububuso obuhle be-tropes: ziyanelisa isidingo esijulile sokulandisa okuqinisekile. Ziyihlanganisa, sazisazi isimo semililo ngisho nangaphambi kokudansa.

Ingozi Yokubikezela: Lapho I - cliché Ejwayelekile Ishintsha

Ukujwayelana okufanayo okungadlulayo. Uma i-trope isetshenziswa ngaphandle kokwenza okuthile okuhlukile, kuba yisenzo esinezelele. Izinkulumo zingazizwa zithukile uma i-seckkick iqala ukuhlikihla, ife ngenxa yamahlaya alula, noma isebenza njengomshini wokubonisa, ngoba i-trope ibonaka kaningi kakhulu ngaphandle kokusungula okuthile. Uhlelo lubulala ukuphelelwa ithemba. Uma umeluleki weqhawe ebonakala egqoke izivatho ezimhlophe futhi ekhuluma ngemifumbe, futhi ngokushesha izilaleli zithi “kahle, ufile ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezimbili,” khona - ke amagxa angokomzwelo okufa akhuphuzwayo ngaphambi kokuba afike. Umgca phakathi komfanekiso owenziwe futhi ofile unciphile, futhi uhlangana lapho umlobi esebenzisa i-plopt.

Izintambo Ezivamile Nezimbangela Zazo Zobumba

Ukuze sibone ukuthi le mishini inamandla kangakanani, singahlola eminye yemidwebo evame kakhulu nendlela efakwa ngayo ngokuqondile emithonjeni eqoshiwe.

  • Okhethiweyo: Obekwe ekhonweni leHero explometype, le trope ichaza uphawu olulodwa olumiselwe ukuxazulula impi eyinhloko kuphela. Amathemba ahlanganisa ukutholakala kwamakhono afihliwe, isiprofetho, novivinyo lokugcina. Uma lusetshenziswa ngokweqile, lungazizwa njengobuvila obuvilaphayo, ukukhumula i-indectminis.
  • Ifemme Fatale: Ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yesithunzi ne-pirders, le trope isebenzisa intengo kanye nobulili njengezikhali. Izilaleli zilindele imfihlakalo, ukukhaphela, futhi ngokuvamile i-arctic orth. Izinguquko zanamuhla zifuna ukumbuyisela emuva ithuluzi lakhe kunokuba zimnciphisele ekuweni kohlobo lobudoda.
  • I-Manter Ehlakaniphile Ohlakaniphile: ithathwe ngokuqondile ku-metor archetype ne-Senex (indoda endala ehlakaniphile). Silindele ukuhlakanipha okuyimfihlo, umlando wezimpi zesikhathi esidlule, nokuphuma komhlatshelo. I-produmethi ingangena ngqo eqedweni uma imisho yonke iyimfumbe engenalutho.
  • IAnti-Hero: Ukuguqulwa kweHero eyisiko, le trope ihlala ngokungaqondakali kokuziphatha. Izilaleli zilindele izingxabano zangaphakathi, izindlela ezingabazekayo, nendlela yokugcina, ngokuvamile ezidumayo. Isicelo sisekwephukeni kophawu, olubonisa iqiniso eliyinkimbinkimbi kunehight br.
  • IDamsel ekucindezelekeni: ngokomlando iboshelwe ethakazelweni noma endodeni yothando olungenamsebenzi, le trope inobuntu obucindezelekile ngokuyinhloko obusebenza njengesisusa seqhawe. Ithemba liyahlengwa; ukuguqukela kwanamuhla kulapho intombi izihlenga, iphahlaze ngokuphelele i-trope endala.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa isimiso esiyinhloko: uma i - trope iqina kakhulu empandeni yayo enkulu ngaphandle kokuphenya kwamanje, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuba izizwe iyisidala.

I - root kanye nokuzivuselela: Ukudlala Ngemigomo Yokudla

Umlingo wangempela we-trope awubonakali uma ulandelwa, kodwa uma usontwa. I - stoongs iyindlela yokulandisa lapho umlandisi wendaba emisa khona indlela ephawulekayo ngokuzenzakalelayo kuphela ukuze ayiphule, ibangele ukushaqeka, noma incazelo ejulile. Umphumela uxhomeke ngokuphelele olwazini lwezilaleli olungaphambili lwe-trope. Ngaphandle kohlelo olucacile, ukuphambuka ngeke kuthwale lutho. Isibonelo esivelele sisemuva kuGeorge R.R. “Umdlalo kaThrones,” lapho iqhawe, uNed Stark, lifezeka ngokushesha. Lonke udaba lwaluncike ekulindeleni kweqhawe kweqhawe elihloniphekile; ukufa kwakhe okushiswe yi-trop nophawu olusebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho ehlukile.

Lapho Ama - gripe Ehluleka: I - Anti - Hero Ne - heone Hero

Iqhawe elilindeleke ukuba lisindise lolu suku lingelinye lamabhukwana amadala kakhulu. Ukulivumela livumele iqhawe ukuba lihluleke ngokudabukisayo, noma lize libe yisigebengu. Amafilimu anjenge- “Agamen” kanye nesithi“Ukugijima” kwakha zonke izimpawu zalo ngalokhu kuguqulwa. UWalter White uqala njengendoda enozwela, ecindezelwe. [1] Iqhawe ngalinye liguqula kancane kancane libe yisigebengu. Ithemba lokuqala le-arcle yokukhululwa lincishwa, liphoqelela ukuba libalwe lokho ngempela okushiwo yikhonya.

Umthengisi: Ukuphula Ithemba

Iqanda elincane lingcwele njengomeluleki. Uma umeluleki ephenduka umthathi-mfashini, ithonya elingokomzwelo likhulu ngoba indlela yokuthembana iye yamiswa ngokuphelele. “Ezimpini ze-Star: i-Tyst Jedi,” uLuke Skywaker, iqhawe eliyingqopha uqobo lwesizukulwane esidlule, ekuqaleni ukwenqaba indima yomeluleki, futhi uma ekugcineni engenela, kuyindlela elulaza ithemba elivamile. Nakuba engesona isephucuku, ukungafuni kwakhe kululaza i-trope yenkosi ehlakaniphile, kukhuthaza iqhawe − nezilaleli ."5)

Idamu Elingumklami Wosizo Lwakhe

Mhlawumbe akukho trope eye yaguqulwa ngokuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva kuneDamsel in Dispress. Ukulandisa kwanamuhla kuvame ukuveza ubuntu obubonakala bungenalusizo njengalowo obulokhu edonsa ngasese izintambo noma othola amandla akhe. Amafilimu afana no- “Tanglend” kanye no-“Frozen” ahlukanisa i-trope cishe ngokwe-metanel yemibhalo, nabalingi abavuma ubuqiniso bokulinda inkosana futhi bathathe isinyathelo. Loluhlobo lokuguqula alwazi alumangalisi nje kuphela kodwa lulungisa nokungalingani kwe-tejiji, lunikeza umbono ophelele we-ikhomyume.

Ukuziphendukela Kwempucuko KwamaTrops

Ama-tope awaqoshwanga ngamatshe. Awukho ubuciko obuphilayo obuhogelayo obungahambisani nohlu olusha lwezinganekwane. Ama-trope enhlekelele yase-Athene akuwona ama-trope e-French New Wave movie, njengoba nje ama-stape ka-1950 eMelika ehluka kakhulu kulawo alandela izinhlu zanamuhla. Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kushukunyiswa ukushintsha izimiso zomphakathi, ukuqaphela kwezombangazwe, nokuqonda okukhulayo ngendlela imithombo yezindaba ebonakala ngayo. Uma i-trope ihlangene ne-state eyingozi, ihlola futhi ibukeza ngokufanelekile.

I- “Damsel in Dipression” ngokwesibonelo, iye yagxekwa amashumi eminyaka njengendlela yokuphinda ibonakale ngokungenayo kwabesifazane. Ukuthathelwa kwayo indawo kancane kancane yi-“Steen Sady Grand" trope ekuqaleni yanikeza ukuqondisa, nakuba ngisho naleyo trope entsha ingaba yisifektha esisodwa esinesici esingenazici ezitheni. Ngokufanayo, “uMhlobo wakho Omkhulu” u-trope onezimo zothando wasebenza iminyaka eminingi njengesasystekkick engenakho ukuphila kwangaphakathi, indlela enikeze indlela yokuceba, engaphezulu kakhulu ye-LGBT+ izimpawu zethelevishini zamanje. I-BYYY tros” evelele, evelele, ethandwayo, eyaziwa kakhulu, eyaziwa kakhulu i-Bruppe, eyaziwa kakhulu, eyaziwa kakhulu i-Blabel.

Kusuka ezindaweni zokumisa imiphesa kuya eSikhungweni: Uxlue Archetypes

Njengoba indawo yamasiko ihlangana, kanjalo nezinhlobo zempi, noma ama-trope atholakalayo kubalobi. IHero ayiseyona indoda eqondile, emhlophe, ekwaziyo ukuhlukanisa inkathi yangaphambili. Iqhawe eliphelele lingaba yintsha ethatha i-queeval ehamba ngemuva kwembubhiso, iQuembu elihoxa iQuashana elihoxa ukuhlubuka, noma umcuphi waseNingizimu Asia ongumculi okhuphula uzungu lwezigebengu. Lokhu akwandisi isisekelo sesisekelo se-archaltype; bayandisa. Uhambo lwakhe luhlala luqinile, kodwa izinkulumo ze-trope zanda, zimema izibukeli ezingaboni kakhulu ukuthi zizibona ziveza umfanekiso wazo ekugcineni esibukweni senganekwane. Lokhu kuveza zonke izimo zemvelo, njengoba kuletha izisusa izisusa ezintsha, nezinqululo eziningi, futhi kungazimangalisa izinqulu.

Ithuluzi Lomlobi: Ukusebenzisa Intambo Ngenhloso

Kumbhali, ukungaqondi ngama-troppe akuyona into elungile. Ngisho nalabo abathi bayayigwema ngokuphelele cishe bayazisungula ngokuphandle. Umgomo, khona - ke, usebenza ngamabomu. Lapho ekha umdlali, umlobi angase azidwebe ngebalazwe eqokobheni elinombala oludala, qhaqhaqhazeliswé ukuthi i-protagonist, i-Trickster", futhi akhethe ukuthi iphi i-tropesp ezoba umfuziselo oyinhloko. I-Trickster izoba yi-pickster ku-packickick, umdwebi wohlobo olunemizwayo, noma unkulunkulu wesiphithiyo? Ukukhetha kunquma ukuthi isiqalo sezilindele izilaleli.

Ukuze agweme i-cliché, umlobi kufanele abe yinkimbinkimbi i-trope. Umculi okhohliweyo anganikezwa i-social code ejulile yokuziphatha, iqolo elidabukisayo elichaza ukungathemba kwabo izinhlangano, noma ukungenwa yikhohlakala okungalindelekile okwenza ukukhohlisa kwabo kuzizwe kufana nomdlalo futhi kufana nenqubo yokusinda. Indlela yangaphandle ilokhu iyabonakala, kodwa iqiniso langaphakathi liba yiqiniso. [Izinguqulelo] eziqondisayo ngezimpawu zezimpawu zobuntu [ zingasebenza njengekhombathi, kodwa umsebenzi wangempela udlulisele isilinganisi sendlela esisebenza ngaphandle kwe-patrotest.

Isivumelwano Sezilaleli: Ingxoxo Phakathi KoMdali Nabathengi

Izilaleli zanamuhla zigcwele i-trope-trammark kunanoma imuphi umlando. I-Internet iye yenza amagama ahlanganyelwe lapho abalandeli behlukana khona kanye nezindlela zegama ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kufunda kushintsha ukubuka ngaphandle kwekhono kube ingxoxo esebenzayo. Ibonisa njenge- “Screaclem” (uchungechunge lwefilimu) ne-“Deadpool” incike kakhulu emetaam, enezimpawu ezikhuluma ngokuqondile ngama-trope ahlalayo. Lokhu kufunda kungenza ukudansa okujabulisayo: izihloko ziveza i-trope, izilaleli ziyayiqaphela futhi zizwe ngokuhlakanipha, bese indaba iwugcwalisa kahle noma iwushaye, yenza ukuba kube nokusabela okungokomzwelo okukhulu kakhulu. Umlobi angasebenzisa le-svy ukuhlanganisa izilaleli ukuze zakhe izimpawu, zisho ukuthi zibukisa izimpawu ezibukisayo.

Isiphetho: Ukwamukela Umsindo Phakathi Kwendlela Nesimangaliso

Izimpawu zophawu kanye nezinduku ezizifakayo azizona izindondo zokulandisa; zilandisa ulimi. Njengoba nje singakwazi ukubhala umusho ngaphandle kohlelo lolimi, asinakwenza ubuciko obuthile ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lwendlela ebonakalayo. Lobu buciko busebenza ngokusebenzisa lolohlelo lolimi ngokushelela nangokucasuka. UHero, uMentor, iMinumber cishe angeke anyamalale ezindabeni zethu, ngoba ziveza imibuzo eyisisekelo ngokuthi singubani nokuthi siyini nokuthi silwelani. I-tropes eziwagqokayo ziyoqhubeka ziveza amathemba ethu amasiko nezinkathazo.

Kuzo izilaleli, ukuboniswa kokujwayelana nokumangala kungenye yezinjabulo ezijulile. Sizifudumeza ngomlilo wezinto ezaziwayo kuyilapho zivusa amadlingozi angabonakali adlulela ebumnyameni. Kumbhali, ukukwazi i-tropes kusho ukukwazi ukudumisa inqubo yesonto kuyilapho futhi kuveza into entsha. Indlela ejwayelekile iguqula amathemba ethu, kodwa ukuguquguquka, iqiniso eliqondile, neqiniso elingokomzwelo okungalindelekile kwenza indaba ingalibaleki. Ekupheleni, i-trope isikhumbuza ukuthi zonke izindaba ziyingxenye yengxoxo enkulu, eqalayo, ephumayo, esabalele, futhi yenza sichume kakhulu isikhathi ngasinye lapho sihamba njengenganekwane ihamba ekhasini futhi yenza into esingakaze ifike.