Umbono KaKira Wokusesikweni

Xa Inqaku lokufa limenyezelwa okokuqala, ngokukhawuleza lathimba ingcamango yomhlaba wonke hayi njengesixhobo esingaqhelekanga kodwa njengebhokisi yentanda-bulumko edidayo. I-protagonist Light Yagami, isebenza phantsi kwegama elibizwa ngokuba yiKira, isebenzisa incwadana ebhalayo ebulala nabani na ogama lakhe libhalwe kulo, ukuba umbhali wazi ubuso bomntu. Ngalamandla, Ukukhanya kuthatha imfazwe yokuphelisa ihlabathi lezaphuli-mthetho, azibone enguthixo webutho elitsha, elinoxolo elilawulwa luloyiko lwempiso. Ungceleleko alusoloko lukho nje lunento elungileyo, lukhuthaza ababukeli bendlela yokuchasa ngokusesikweni, ukusohlwaya kwesohlwaya, nokuzingcelwna kwendlela yokuzikhusela iingozi.

Ukuqonda intshukumisa yeKra kunye nendlela yokuyila

Light Yagami uqala njengomfundi okrelekrele kodwa odimazekileyo okhubeka kwiSheath Setter, incwadi yencwadi ebhalwe phantsi ebhalwe nge-shinigami Ryuk. Ekuqaleni, ukhanyo luvavanya ngokukhawuleza amandla encwadi yokubhala kwaye lothuswa zizenzo zakhe. Uloyiso lusuka nje luguquleke lube lububungqina obubumesiya. Ugqibela ukuba ngokususa kuphela intlukwano zebutho labantu ezinokufunyanwa kuphela. Indlela yobomi yomntu omnye iyakwazi ukufikelela kuphazamiso olucacileyo: ukuhlasela kwentliziyo, ngokufuthi okubangelwa yimeko yentliziyo, ngoko ke igwetyelwe izigwebo, ize ingabi nayiphi na umntu omi ngendlela yakhe. Oku kugxeka.

Imbono kaKira isekelwe kuhlobo olunzima lweziphendu ezitshayelwe ngokuziphakamisa. Ukholelwa ukuba ukunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuqalisa kwehlabathi elikhuselekileyo kuthethelela ukupheliswa kwamawaka. Ukusabela kwabantu kungcelele kwahlulwa: ezinye iinkonzo zeKira njengomsindisi, ngoxa ezinye zibona umlawuli ophezulu. Oku kubalulekile, ukubonisa ukuba uphephe ngabom ukubonisa isigqibo esilula, kunyanzelisa abaphulaphuli ukuchasana nocalucalulo lwabo ngegunya nogonyamelo. Oku kwenza [[FLT:] Inqaku le-ISD inqaku elinolwazi lwendlela yokuziphatha, ngokukodwa xa sibambe izenzo zomthetho ezichasene nemithetho esesikweni.

Isiseko Sobulungisa: Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Ethathu

Ukugqiba ukuba ngaba nasiphi na isenzo si "kulungile" izithandi-bulumko kunye nabaphengululi bomthetho kudala bephikisana ngento ethetha ukuphathwa ngokusesikweni, ukusabela ngokulungeleleneyo, kunye nokulunga kwentlalo. Iingcamango ezintathu eziphambili zilawula intetho: okusesikweni okukhuthazayo, ukuqulunqwa kobulungisa, nokulungisa okusesikweni.

Okusesikweni Okukhuthazayo

[[NTLT:] Iso leliso elibonisa imo yeliso"(-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------kayi-------------------------

Utilitarianism

Ngokwahlukileyo, ulwahlulelwano olucacileyo, lugweba izenzo ngeziphumo zazo. Inxulumaniswe noJeremy Benham noJohn Stuart Mill, le ngcamango ikholelwa ukuba isenzo esilungileyo sokuziphatha siso esoyisa ulonwabo jikelele okanye intlalo entle kunye nokunciphisa ukubandezeleka. Kumongo wobulungisa, umxhasi wezomthetho angaxhasa isohlwayo esizithintela ngokunempumelelo ulwaphulo-mthetho, okanye uvuselelo lwabantu abayingozi, logama nje ulonwabo lwenethwele lusanda. Uqwalaselo lubalula kwiziphumo zexesha elizayo, hayi izenzo ezidlulileyo. [[FLT]

Ukubuyiselwa Kobulungisa

Isigwebo sobuNquma bobuNqanam, ithatha indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kunokuba yohlwayo umenzi wobubi okanye ukubala intlalo-ntle yolwaphulo-mthetho, ijolise ekulungiseni umonakalo obangelwa ngulwaphulo-mthetho. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukubuyisela amaxhoba kunye, abaphuli-mthetho, kunye namalungu oluntu ukuvuma umonakalo, ukukhuthaza ukuphendula, nokufumana indlela yokulungisa ulwalamano. Izenzo zokulungisa ziquka ixhoba lomntu okhuphelwelo, ukubuyisela izivumelwano, kunye nenkonzo yoluntu. Injongo ibandakanya ukubuyiselwa nokubuyiselwa kwezibophelelo zoluntu, hayi ukugxothwa okanye ukutshatyalaliswa. Njengoko kuchazwe ziingcali, le nkqubo [[FLT:]] kunye nokuphilisa kwimpiliso-mpiliso [FLT], ukuchasa imbono efana nengqiqo efanayo.

Ukuhambisa Imaphu Kwisigwebo Sokuhambisa

Ngaphandle, umsebenzi kaKira ubonakala usenza isandi esiphindayo. Ujolise amatyala ngenxa yokuba efanelwe kukubulawa ngenxa yokreqo lwawo. Usoloko ebiza ulwimi lwasentlango, esithi abenzi bobubi kufuneka ba "bekiwe". Noko ke, oku kulungelelaniswa kuqhawula uhlolo olusondeleyo. Ukugwetywa kobulungisa kugxininisa ulwahlulo lolwaphulo-mthetho olunyanzelekileyo: isohlwayo kufuneka singqamane nolwaphulo-mthetho oluqinileyo, kwaye kufuneka sinikelwe kuphela emva kwendlela engqongqo, engenamkhetheni eqinisekisa ukuba netyala ngaphandle kokuthandabuza okufanelekileyo. Indlela kaKira yokubulala ityala ityala lomntu ngamnye owenzakalisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lubuselani nje ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukubulala okuncinane. Umvukelo lwe-geock noock noothreacioticel, ufumana isigwebo esibanzi somthetho esinguwodwa.

Ngaphezu koko, okusesikweni okuqukeleleneyo nokuququzelela umthetho. Isohlwayo sisemthethweni kuphela xa sandisa imilinganiselo yakhe, ivumela ukhuseleko, kwaye igcina umsongi ngetyala. IKira isebenza emfihlekweni, ijaji kunye nombulali omnye. Akanakubuzwa okanye abhenele. Amaxhoba akhe aquka kuphela abo babonakala benetyala, kodwa njengoko endisa imilinganiselo yakhe, ubulala abantu abatyholwa nje ngolwaphulo-mthetho, abantu abacinga ukuba bayavila okanye abaphumeziyo, kwaye kwanabaphathi-mthetho abamsukelayo. Oku kutyhila isiphene esingundoqo: xa isohlwayo sikhutshiwe kwizivikelo ezisemthethweni, siyaphela ekubeni sisoyisoyikelele ukuba ngabagwebi. Ngalo ndlela, xa uKira eboleka i-driptiod yezomthetho, ukwenziwa kwengcambalelo lwayo, "nento exokiswe yiyo"

Ukukhuthuza iNkangeleko Ngendlela ye-Utilitarian Lens

Ukhuselo lweKira lungaqhubekeka ngendlela eqhelekileyo: ngokubulala izaphuli-mthetho ezinogonyamelo, iKira inciphisa kakhulu ulwaphulo-mthetho ehlabathini lonke. Kulungcelele, izibalo zomhlaba wonke ziyahla. Imfazwe iyanqumama, kwaye abantu abaninzi baziva bekhuselekile. Ukuba usukelo lokugqibela lolona lukhulu lwenani, kwaye izenzo zikaKira zivelisa umnatha wokhuseleko noxolo, ngoko zinokuba zifanelekile? Le mpikiswano inyanzelisayo iyaphela xa sisebenzisa ungakhethi buso obufunekayo kwi-unitarianism.

Okokuqala, igalculus efanelekileyo yeminye imiba engabonakaliyo mayiphendule yonke iziphumo, hayi ukuncitshiswa kwento ekhoyo kulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo. Ulawulo lweKira lubangela imeko-bume esasazekileyo yoloyiko. Abemi abaxoxiweyo bomthetho boyika ukubonakalisa ukungavumelani okanye kwaneengcebiso ezincinane, besoyika ukuba ngandle koko bangabakhubekisa lo mgwebi ongabonakaliyo. Ukungalawuleki ngokwemvakalelo komntu ongabonakaliyo xa ejongiwe ngokupheleleyo, ukwazi ukuba kukho into engaphaya kwengqondo enokukubulala nangaliphi na ixesha ngenxa yokucinga ukuba soze ibangele ukubandezeleka okukhulu. Uludwe lubonisa ihlabathi apho abantu baba neparanoid, ulwalamano, ukrwano, novuyo oluzenzekelayo. I-Benham iyakufuna ukuba la maxhala asasaze ngokuchaphaze ngokuva kwabo amaxhoba.

Okwesibini, i-utilitharianism iyaqonda ukuba akukho mntu ongakwaziyo ukubala iziphumo ezifikelela kude zesenzo. IKira icinga ukuba angamchaza ngokugqibeleleyo umntu ofanelwe kukufa, kodwa ulwazi lwakhe lucuthwa kwiingxelo zezixhobo zezixhobo zekhompyutha, ezisoloko zingaphelelanga okanye zijongekanga. Amandla oLufeyo akawaniki amandla omntu anokuwanika i-omnionbine; asuka nje awenze angabi nalwazi. Umngcipheko wokuthanda ukubulala umntu obekwezinye iimpazamo, obethwesileyo, onobungozi nongalungisekiyo. Nokuba uyakwazi ukuphepha inkohliso ekuqaleni, ukubulala kwakhe kamva kwabahlali bezobupolitika nabangenatyala abagwebi ababonisa ukungafezeki okuthe ngqo: isenzo sokuba ngulowo umlawuli wolwaphulo-mthetho ongonakaliswayo phantsi kwemeko olungookileyo. U-udiaa kufuneka acinge ngemeko olude lwe-thuk-edikidic. Kodwa ke omnye owenzileyo umvuvumi wemi wemibhisho oqhayibhiyo, ugwetyi oyena mntu ugwetyiyo, ugwebe ugweba u

Ukubuyiselwa Kobulungisa: Indlela Engathatyathwanga

Ngeli xesha iingcamango ezifanelekileyo zokusasaza kunye nezidibeneyo zobungcathu bengqiqo kaKira, ukubuyisela okusesikweni kuchasene ngokupheleleyo nokubona kwakhe konke okukhoyo. Iindlela zokujonga ulwaphulo-mthetho ezilandelayo zichasene nomthetho kodwa njengokwaphula ulwalamano noluntu. Impendulo efanelekileyo, ngoko, kukuchonga umonakalo, umnike ityala lowo wenze ityala ngendlela evuma iintlungu zexhoba, kwaye asebenze ngokuncedisana ekulungiseni indlela enjalo. UKira akayinikeli ndlela. Akaze abone ukubandezeleka kweentsapho zamaxhoba, akaze abonise incoko ngotshintsho olunxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho, yaye akaze acinge ukuba kunokwenzeka kokukhulula. Isigwebo sakhe sinobunyani obupheleleyo.

Qwalasela isiganeko apho umntu oselula, eqhutywa kukuphelelwa lithemba, ephanga. Inkqubo yokubuyisela ingabandakanya umntu owenze isono ojamelene nexhoba, aqonde uloyiko kunye nokulahlekelwa izinto okubangelwa kukudibaniswa, avume ukubuyiselwa, kwaye afumane uqeqesho lobungqeqesho ukuze akhe ubomi obusemthethweni. Oku kungathintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwexesha elizayo ngoxa ebuyisela umntu kuluntu. UKira endaweni yoko ubhala igama lomoni, acima naliphi na ithuba lotshintsho. Oku kuthintela ukuntsonkotha kokuziphatha komntu kwaye akukunanzi ukuba abantu abaninzi abazenza ulwaphulo-mthetho bebengamaxhoba okungekho sikweni. Ngokuzingcamlamlo ngezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokungenasizathu, ukukhotyo, ukungakwazi ukucinga, ukuva amathuba okungaphilishwa ngamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuba okunzulu kobomi babantu, ukuchachana.

Umlinganiselo Obalulekileyo Wobuphaphanyiswa

Inqaku lokufa lisemgangathweni, ukucamngca ngengozi elukuhlayo yokuphaphazela. Ukulumka kuvela xa abantu, bevakalelwa ukuba iinkqubo zomthetho aziphumeleli, balungela ukunyanzelisa umthetho. Ngelixesha uphapheko lwehlabathi lokwenene lungadibani nezixhobo zekhompyutha ezingaphaya kwamandla omntu, amandla alo ayafana: uluvo lokungalungisi okungekho sikweni, igorha elizimiselayo, nesohlwayo. Ingxaki engokomthetho ixhomekeke ekulaleni isivumelwano sentlalo. Iingcali ezifana noThoma Hobes zaphikisa ukuba abantu ngabanye banikezela ngenkululeko ethile kulawulo oluphezulu ukuze bakhuseleke kunye nocwangco.

Imbali inikela izifundo ezinzulu. Amahlokondiba, amaqela okubulala, kunye namapolisa afihlakeleyo onke athi asebenza egameni lobulungisa obuphezulu, kodwa asoloko evelisa izenzo zenkohlakalo. Ukungabikho kwenkqubo efanelekileyo, ukubonakala, nokuphendula ityala kuvumela ucalucalulo lobuqu, i-Vendettas, kunye neempazamo ezinkulu ukuba zingathintelwa. Indlela yeKira ukuhlasela amaqhinga okubulala abantu abanobugqhinga bokubulala abantu abaphuthukileyo okanye abachasayo imithetho engookiziyo okanye abachasayo kuye kwathi qho kuboniswa izalathamfaza ezithe ngqo zelingo lokwenene zehlabathi. Njengokuba uStephen Bring esoloko egxininisa, umthetho ukho ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo ezilulayo kunye nezilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokunzulu kwe-umthetho ziyimfuneko ukukhusela abantu abangenatyala, kodwa isohlwayo esinekayo, kodwa lonke ulawulo olunamandla luye lwamatyala kumntu omntu onegunya ukuba adlulisele nasiphi nasiphi nasiphi nasiphi nasiphi nasiphi na.

Ingaba Izenzo Zomngxuma Zinokuqiniswa? Ikhoynthi

Zidityanisiwe kunye, akukho nanye yeengcamango ezinkulu zezobulungisa ezinikela ukukhusela okungqinelanayo kwephulo likaKira. Ukuchasa kobulungisa kuyasilela ngenxa yokuba iKira ityeshela ulwahlulo kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo. I-Ulitarianism, ngeli xesha iqala ukuhendwa, iyadilika xa izalathi zizinto zeziphumo ezipheleleyo kunye nokungaguquguquki kwempazamo ziqwalaselwa. Iqhinga lokulungisa, ngokugxininisa kwayo ekuphiliseni, ibhenca iprojeko yeKira njengenkqeza ekhoyo kwibutho elichumayo. Ilizwe leKira, kude kube yimeko yokuhlola okuditya okudibekileyo kunye. Ubukrelekrele bubenza abaphulayo bavakalise ukuqhankcana kwayo.

Kodwa ingxubusho ayichaphazeli nje kwimfundo. Xa imigaqo-manani inokuthi ikwazi ukugweba abantu okanye xa amahlokondiba onxibelelwano azama ukuvala abantu ngaphandle kokuvavanywa, ukubetha kwemingeni, kunye nokugada kwemivo engaqhelekanga kwenza imixholo ye- Inqaku lokufa [ ibaluleke ngokumangalisayo. Xa i-algorimes zinokugweba abantu ngenxa yolwamkhamo wolwaphulo-mthetho okanye xa amahlokotho azama ukuvala amajelo onxibelelwano azama ukurna, sinikela ubungqina obuncinane beenguqulelo zengxaki yeKira enzima. Uthotho lwesilumkiso: ukunqwenela ukhuseleko olugqibeleleyo lwerhamza. Ngokukanje, kusikhumbuza ukuba ulwaneliseko lokubona uqeqesho olungendawo olungendawo; luqinile, kwaye lungafezeki ukukhusela amalungelo elona lunga, ngenxa yomthetho obekileyo obekileyo. [Ft]

Oko Sikufundayo Kwihlabathi Eliyintsomi

Inqaku lokufa aliziniki iimpendulo ezilula. Endaweni yoko, libonisa uxinezeleko olungapheliyo phakathi kocwangco nenkululeko, impindezelo nenceba. Ngomzi weKira, sibona indlela ingqondo ekrelekrele, exhobe ngamandla angenakuchazwa, enokuzithethelela ngayo ubuchule bokwenza imposiso. Olu ngcelele lunokuba sisipili: ababukeli beKira abanyanzeleka ukubuza ngeli eliphi ixesha, kwaye ngokuqonda okungakumbi, iziphumo eziluncedo zokudibanisa intandabulumko. Okusesikweni kusoloko kufanelekile, kodwa imilinganiselo ebekwe ngumthetho elungileyo, kodwa engenziwangalungiyo, kodwa eqhutywayo, eqhutywayo, kwaye iingcaciso ezithiweyo ezithiweyo, ezithi zinikeze ngokuzinzisayo ezibusweni.