Ukungqubana kwamakrele kunye nobuchule obuchuliweyo bokusebenzisa imigaqo yezobupolitika kwachaza enye yezidubedube zembali nebhiyozelwayo. Kude kube yingqokelela nje yamabinzana amandulo, i-Sun tsun's "Ubugcisa bemfazwe"[ isebenza njengesixhobo sobuchule apho imbali ephawulekayo yoBukumkani obuthathu yakhiwa khona. NgooGwazi, ababhali-mbali, kunye nabaxhasi ngokufanayo, ixesha phakathi kwe-22020 ne-800 AD ayilo nje ibali lobugrobha obudileyo. Le yindawo ephilayo apho imfazwe ecacileyo yayivavanywa khona kwimilambo, iindlela ezidlulayo, kunye neenkundla zenkundla. Ngokuhluza imbali ezintle zeWei, Shu, kunye neWu kwiiMeso-Stus, iimfundiso zanamhlanje zanamhlanje, ingqiqo yolawulo lomkhosi, iinko oluchaphaza kwiminyaniso, kunye nolawulo lolawulo lobuzwishosho.

Ukwahlulwa Kobukhosi

Ukuncina ngenene iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo kweli xesha, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde ukuphelelwa ngamandla okwadala ukhuphiswano. Ukuwa kweHan Dynasty kwakungesosiganeko esingaqhelekanga kodwa yayikukonakala okude okubuhlungu okubangelwa ngamathenwa onakeleyo, indlala ekwatshabalalisayo, kunye noMyllow Turban Region. Njengoko igunya likarhulumente omkhulu laphela, amabamba nezikhulu zemfazwe zamazwe zatshintsha ukusuka kwi-bhureaucrat ukuya kwiinkokeli zemikhosi ephakamileyo, nganye iqhutywa ngumyalelo wokubuyisela ucwangco.

Ulungelelwano lwe-triartite olwathi ekugqibeleni lwazinziswa lwanzulu. Cao kumntla lwayalela ubuncwane obukhulu kunye namandla omntu, ukubamba umlawuli ukuze agunyazise ulawulo lwakhe phantsi kwebhanile yaseHan. Liu Bei , i-panel', ithengela intsapho yombuso wegazi, ixhomekeke kumhlaba ophezulu wokuziphatha kunye nesiluleko esibalaseleyo soosomashishini bakhe ukukhusela ulawulo lwakhe kumazwe aseShuwa. Ngelixesha, [[FLT] Quan[FLT] [FOLD] [5] kumazantsi esetyenziswa umsinga wendalo woMfuleni we-Ygtze kunye noMlambo owoyiyoyiyongamileyo ukuze ukhusele ummandla wemfazwe.

Ukwahlula Iimeko Ezintlanu Ezingaguquguqukiyo

Kwisahluko sokuqala se "Ubugcisa bemfazwe," Sun Tzu ibeka iimeko ezintlanu ezisisiseko ``Impembelelo yeMzulu, Izulu, Umhlaba, Umyalelo, nemfundiso') ezimele ziqwalaselwe phambi kwalo naliphi na iphulo. Iinkokeli zoBukumkani obuthathu, enoba zithule okanye zifunde ngobuchule, zavavanya ezi zinto ngokunentsingiselo etshabalalisayo. Lo mzabalazo wawungabhekiseli nje kuphela ukuba ngubani owayenamajoni anamandla, kodwa ngubani onokulawula imekobume yomzimba neyngqondo ukunciphisa amandla otshaba lokulwa.

Umthetho Wemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Nomthetho Wezobupolitika

US Sun Tzu uchaza uMthetho wokuziphatha njengowenza abantu bavumelane ngokupheleleyo nomlawuli wabo, ukuze bamlandele nokuba baphila njani. Iphulo likaLiu Bei lonke lalikukuqhelisa ukuqinisa ingqondo. Wayeyiyo "UMalume ongowomeleleyo" wayelicebo elibukhali ngaphezu kwalo naliphi na ikrele. Ngokuzibeka njengomlawuli olungileyo ongumConfucius onyanisekileyo kuHan owileyo, wamisela ukulandela okujongwa njengento engabonakaliyo kodwa njengomsebenzi ongcwele. Ngokuphikisanayo, uCao Cao Cao-fis wasondela kwimikhosi yakhe eluncedo, kwaye ngokufuthi wayephumelela ekugcineni imikhosi yakhe inyanisekile ehlala igquma ingundatha ukubhukula kwakhe. Imfazwe yelizwe yayijongile "e" yemfazwe yelizwe eliqhelekileyo.

Ubuchule Bokuqhatha Nendlela Esebenza Ngayo Engqondweni

"Yonke imfazwe isekelwe kwinkohliso," Sun Tzu ibhala, isininzi esaba sivumo sokholo sobuqu se uZhuge Liang, iSleing Dragon kunye nomphathi weShu Han. Ngelixesha amandla ayeyimali yoojenene basentla abaninzi, uZhuge Liang udidensing. Indlela yakhe yolwazi iguqula indlela esiqonda ngayo inzuzo yobuchule. Xa ithe yayalelwa ukuba inamandla kodwa incinane, akazange aqhathe ngendlela ephosakeleyo; wakha umchasi obalulekileyo wotshaba lwakhe. Ngokuveza ubuthathaka ngaphandle kobuthathaka, waphembelela imeko ye-eanasi.

  • Ubuchule obungenanto: Xa umkhosi omkhulu kaSima Yii usondela kwidolophu engenakuzikhusela, uZhuge Liang wayalela amasango ukuba avuleke kakhulu. Wahlala ngokuzolileyo phezu kweendonga, ezama ukuvala iphini. Ngokuphula umthetho olindelekileyo wenqaba yokukhusela, wabonakalisa ukuthemba okupheleleyo. USima Yi, ukoyika umkhosi ofihlakeleyo nogweba uZhuge Liang akakwazinga kuphazanyiswa kwempazamo engalawulekiyo, wajika.
  • Ubuchule bobuqhinga bobuqhinga besikhephe sobuTshawu: Ukujongene nokungabikho kwezalathiso, iZhuge Liang wasebenzisa kakubi imo yemozulu kunye nesazi sengqondo somphathi wotshaba. Wahamba ngesikhephe epakishwe ngamadoda amatshana kwinkungu enzima ukuya kumkhosi weWei. Utshaba, lungakwazi ukubona nokulala, lukhulula umlambo weentolo kwimicu yencindi, ngokunempumelelo ulunika uShuwa ngembumbulu efunekayo.

Indawo yelizwekazi Esetyenziswa Kumkhosi

Ilanga leTzu lisenza indawo edibeneyo eninzi esoloko inganakwa: abapeyintwa ngemaphu bexesha: ukufumaneka, ukuqaqanjelwa, ukuxinana, ukudlula okumxinwa, ukunyuka, nokuma kumgama omkhulu. Ulawulo lwendawo yayingumahluko phakathi kwendlala nempumelelo. Ubuchule obungenakuthelekiswa nanto belizwe belizwe buhlala bukho [[FLT: 0] Bhithlers yeRed Cliffs[ [208] AD]. Ulwandle lwaseKao olusemantla (208). Ulwandlekazi lukaKao lwamayela ludityaniswe kakhulu lwamanzi adityaniswe kunye ukuze luthintele ulwandle oluminyeneyo. Inqanawa elwayo i-Caons exhobileyo, kodwa ingumba engaziyo ukubulala okubulala. Inqanawa e-Caegnon, i-ogroue, i-om, i-om, i-ognogne, i-ofleengile, i-oggne, i-ofu yenqanawa yomlilo

I-Espion kunye nedabi lolwazi

"Ukuba uyalwazi utshaba kwaye uyazi, akufuneki ukuba woyike umphumo weemfazwe ezilikhulu. Eli binzana lisoloko licatshulwa, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwalo ngexesha loBukumkani obuthathu kwakunenkohlakalo, okuxabisayo, kwaye kuntsonkothile kakhulu. Le mfazwe ayilwanga nje kuphela ngamaqhawe axhotyisiweyo kodwa yimikhosi engabonakaliyo yamabali, iziphekepheke, kunye nezixhobo ezibini. Cao[FLT] mhlawumbi yayingoyena myili wezixhobo zomkhosi. Wahlanganisa incwadi edumileyo "Mandela’s New Book," eyayingaveli nje kuphela kodwa eyayingaveli abalawuli abachasi bengqondo. Amandla akhe okukhupha utshaba kunye nokunyotywa kwemiqhaqhaqhazelo. Uyakwazi ukunikezela ngemixosholo."

Noko ke, ubukumkani baseShu waguqula ubukrelekrele bakhe baba luhlobo lwemfazwe yokubalisela. Ngokusasaza amarhe okuba iWei jikelele uSima Yi wayeceba ukuvukela intsapho yaseCao, iintlola zikaShu zaphumelela ekuvuseleleni ihlazo elinzulu kwinkundla yeWei. USima Yi wahlulwa umthetho wakhe wexesha elithile, hayi ngekrele, kodwa ngokukrokraza. Esi senzo semfazwe esingangqalanga singuNonkqeza- nye isibonisi sika-Sun Tzu sokuhlasela icebo lotshaba kunye nezivumelwano zalo ngaphambi kokuhlasela izixeko zakhe. Ukungalawuleki komphikisi wento ethetha inyaniso engaphelelwa lixesha: ulawulo lolwazi lungawucimi umkhosi ngaphandle kokuxhasa ingxhwanguxweli kwicala lotshaba.

Imfundiso Yesantya Nonikezelo

USur Tzu wayenendeleka kakhulu ngenxa yemfazwe ende, edumileyo, "Ayikho imeko yelizwe eliye langenelwa kwimfazwe ende. Le mfundiso yayiyingxaki engapheliyo kuma-Rongs amathathu. Imo yaseShu yazama ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphelisa ukuxhathisa iWei kwilizwe eliyingozi leeNtaba zase Qisan. uZguG [iNyaka] uNyaka u-Exful [ yayiyimibango enzima yonyamezelo, kodwa yayisoloko ingakhange iphumelele ngenxa yokoyiswa kwemfazwe kodwa ngenxa yokungalungiswa kwe-glo. Iindlela zaguqula umgangatho wemakhwelo zime zize zingene kumdlalo we-eroum, amajoni ayefuna ukutya, ngokufuthi afumana imali eninzi phambi kwe-Sima, kodwa ayengena kuqonda ukuba angakwazi ukumelana ne-Zuglow. Umkhosi wazama ukulwa kwemfazwe eninzi.

Umanyano Nobuchule Bokusinda

I-triametri yexesha yayithetha ukuba ulawulo lwezibonelelo yayisisixhobo se-zero-sum. Isivumelwano soxolo phakathi kuka-Guan Yu noShu sasisi sikrelemfo esithe ngqo emqaleni kaWei, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Ubuchule bokusekwa komanyano lweShu-Wa, obebebenziwe eRed Cliffs, yayiyinyanisekile. Noko ke, ukudilika kolu manyano lwamaGuan Yu yayikunye emva kokucaphuka kwengxabano nolahleko lwephondo lweJing, ukugxininisa oko Sun Tzu wakubiza ngokuthi "kwaphula ukuxhathisa utshaba ngaphandle kokulwa." uWu wafaka kwisixhobo esiqinileyo esasingenalusilo oluqinileyo: baqonda ukuba ukulawula kwephondo likaJing Provilbey kwakusitshetshe elona likhulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-Yuan ngokuzikhukhumeza nokunikezela kwe-Shu, uLuzu ekwane, umkhosi worhwebo olufulume olufumileyo lomkhosi womkhosi womkhosi womkhosi wamanzi omhlophe oweluthithithiyo.

Ukumisela olu vavanyo lutshintshayo lwalufuna imbono ecacileyo yeSun Tzu yomgaqo we-"Fatal Terrain" xa ubekwe kwindawo engenathemba, iShu-Wa yalwa kunye ngomsindo. Kodwa kanye isisongelo esikhawulezileyo sikaCao Cao Cao sadaka, ingqiqo yesivumelwano sokutshintshana yayalela ukuba bajike omnye komnye ukuze bathintele nawuphi na umbutho ekufikeleleni ulawulo olupheleleyo. Lo ngumthetho okhoyo wenzululwazi yejikelezomhlaba ohlala usebenza ngokunzulu ekuqondeni imfazwe yanamhlanje kunye nomanyano lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe.

Iintlobo zoBuhombiso nobuGcisa

Isalathisi selanga iSun Tzu sidityaniswa nobulumko, ukunyaniseka, uluntu, inkalipho nokungqongqo. Ixesha loBukumkani obuthathu linikela iinkalo ezothusayo zezinto ezenzekayo xa enye yezi ntsika idilika.

  • ICaudified Tyrant. Waquka "indawo" kunye "nobuntlola" kodwa ngokufuthi walahla "ubufana". ukubulawa kwakhe eXu Province yayiliqhinga lobugrogrisi elalicetyelwe ukwaphula uxhathiso ngokukhawuleza, ukanti ekugqibeleni layenza yaqina isigqibo seentshaba zakhe. Sun Tzu ilumkisa ukuba umlawuli jikelele ongaziqondiyo imicimbi yemikhosi udala umkhosi "ongaze ungabinanto kwaye angathembani." UCao Cao Cao Cao's Cao wayeliqelele kwindima yakhe embaxandekileyo njengenkosi nenjengenjengenjengenjengenjengenjengendawo ebanzi, iphelisa ungquzulo lwemilo.
  • Liu Bei: IHero e-Humanist. Izixhobo zakhe zokusebenzisa "ukunyaniseka" kunye "nobuntu" zamnika ithuba lokugcina italente enjenge Zhao Yun ne Huang Zhong ngaphandle koxhaso lwelizwe eligqithisileyo okanye lwegolide. Ukubhabha kwakhe eChangban, apho wangavumi ukushiya iimbacu zasekuhlaleni nangona wayewuthoba umkhosi wakhe ukuba uhambe kancinci, waba yintlekele yomkhosi noloyisoyiso olukhuthaza ukunyaniseka kwesizukulwana.
  • [[FLT: 0] USun Quan: Umphathi we Institution. wathatha itrone eselula emva kokufa ngequbuliso komzalwana wakhe, Sun Ce, Sun Quan wabufunda ubuchule bamathunywa. Wayesazi ukuba wayengengobuchule obuphambili, ngoko wanika uZhou Yu, Lu Su, noLu Meng amandla. Waqonda ukuba ukulandela "umchweli wemfazwe," inkokeli kufuneka ngamanye amaxesha inyanzelise isidima somyalelo nokuzimisela ulwazi olukhethekileyo lwabangaphantsi.

Oko Sikufundayo KuBukumkani Bomzi - mveliso Wale Mihla

Ingxelo yeeBhosi Ezithathu, egcinwe ngonaphakade eLuo Guanzhong’s " iRomance of the Three Kingdoms" kwaye ibhalwe ngokungqongqo kwi "Iingxelo zoBukumkani Ezithathu," zingaphezulu kunezokuzonwabisa; zisetyenziswa kwizifundo zokhuphiswano. "Incwadi yemfazwe" inika ingcamango, kodwa iiBhayimani ezintathu zinika ifashoni, igazi, kwaye iziphumo ezingaqondakaliyo. Isitshixo sokuthatha iinkokeli zeshishini kunye nee-triars yingcamango yokuma. Ukuqala okuncinane (Shu) kungacel'ukuvavanyanisa ingqungquthela enkulu (Wei) ngokukopa, kodwa ngokuguqula indawo edityaniswe kuyo.

Esinye isifundo esihlalayo siyingozi yolu rhintyelo lobukhombolo . IZhuge Liang's yamva yeNyaka yeNtlanga ingunolwazi oluluqiqayo. Ngaba ukuhlasela okuqhubekayo kwe-Wei kumela ubuchule besandi, okanye ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo komphathiswa wenkonzo omkhulu owayengenakukwazi ukumelana nesicelo somlawuli ofayo sokubuyisela iHan? Lo mlinganiselo uyenzekayo namhlanje xa inkampani iqhubeka ikhupha ityala lokuphuma kwetyala lemali kunokuba isongelwe. Uloyisoyiso lomkhosi weSima . Uzimome------------jovingsme , oye wafumana amandla athenwa yi-Show' e-Thow' enyamele ukusetyenziswa yi-Show'. [kuphel.]

Ngasemva kwedabi: ISiko SePop Soluntu Nokubuya Kwaphakade

Ukuzinza kwemeko yexesha kuyaqhubeka kuba intliziyo, amabhongo, noloyiko lomntu ahlala engatshintshanga. Ilifa elihlala lihleli liyabonakala kutshintsho lwemidlalo yevidiyo emininzi evumela abasebenzisi ukuba badlale iingxaki zolawulo oluseluxokisweni lohlanga lwamakhosi. Imfazwe yembali isoloko ihlola amaqhinga omkhosi wamanzi eYangtze njengeeplani zakudala zokubonisa ukulandelelana kwale mihla. Ukuqhubeka kokubhalisa kwezi ziganeko, ababhali-mbali basoloko behlola iinkcazelo ezicacileyo zobuchule obufunyenwe kwiindawo ezifana nolawulo lwembali [[FLT:] [FLT]]

Ekugqibeleni, uphando lwale thuba ngelensi ye Sun Tzu lutyhila inyaniso ekhohlakeleyo: akukho "nkungu" macebo. Umlinganiselo oguquguqukayo phakathi kwamandla kaWei, ubulungisa bukaShu, kunye noWo’sology ubonisa ukuba ubuchule boncedo lokwexeshana. IChoo Cao Cao Cao iyakwazi ukutshisa okuziinkozo, Zhuge Liang, kwaye iShon ayinakuwucima umlambo, kodwa akukho nanye enokunyanzela umoya ukuba uvuthelele intelelo lwabo ngonaphakade. Ngoko ke, iChoo Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao iyakwazi ukutshisa ingqolosongelo olungapheliyo, kodwa umthetho oqinisekisa ukuba ezi ndlela zokuhlasela zamandulo azisoze ziphelelwe.