Imvukelo KaManga Yenkulungwane Yama - 20

Ngaphambi kokuba i-manga ibe ligunya lempucuko yehlabathi lonke, yayiluhlobo oluthobayo lokuzonwabisa olusekelwe kwizithethe zobugcisa zamaJapan kunye nokuchatshazelwa kwelizwe emva kwemfazwe. Inkulungwane yama-20 yabona ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso kuguquka kusuka kwizinto ezilula, i-codentic idwelise ingcingo entsonkothileyo ekwaziyo ukuhlola nayiphi na i-genre, ukusuka kwiphulo ukuya kwintsomi ebanzi yenkcubeko. Olu tshintsho lwaqhutywa yisi sizukulwana semizolo ebonwayo ekwakhiwe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo eshiweyo eyatyhala imidaba, intele, intele, nobunzulu bayo. Umsebenzi wabo wabeka isiseko soshishino olufikelela izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke, ukhuthazo, ukhupho, ubuchule, kunye noncwadi olusuka kwimidathalo yezo zobugcisa obuqhelekileyo. Ukuqonda iingcali zenkulungwane yegolide zityhila indlela yobugcisa ezitshintshayo ezisuka kwizizwe ngeminyaka engama-20, ukuvelisa inkqubela yezizwe zezizwe zezizwe eziphumayo, ukunyuka kwezizwe zezizwe zomhlaba, ukuvelisa i-Japan

Osamamu Tezuka: Umyili WeManga Yanamhlanje

Akukho ngxoxo ye 20-centurga enokuthi iqale ngaphandle kwe Osamu Tezuka. Iqwalaselwe ngokuba "nguThixo weManga," wenza ngaphezu komnye umdali ukuguqula izibhino-zibhiyozo zibe yindawo ehloniphekileyo. Wazalwa ngowe1980 eToyonaka, Osaka, Tezuka wakhula ebukela iifilimu zeDisney kunye nobuchule bobucukubhede obuza kuchaza iphepha lakhe. Lobukroli bakhe bangaphambili, [[FLT: 0]] iZiqithi Entsha Yexabiso [[FLT:] [1947], ezise ibhayini- efana ne pauntaka, kufuphi-up, kunye nee-engile ezinamandla — ukusungula okuthiweyo okusuka kwiframediam-mage. Oku kungenelo oluphezulu lwendawo yoshishino olushiciweyo, kwachazwa ngokubanziswa ngamanani amanani apheleleyo, (1947),

Imveliso enkulu ye Tezuka iquka uthotho lwephawu olufana Astro Boy (] IAttum), [[FLT:]] i-Astrom [[FLT:] i-Astero [[FLT:]] i-Kamba i-White Moon [[[FLT]]] i-Ampba i-'Whinter'''' [[5]], ixutywe inzululwazi enezinto ezinzulu ezintle ngoluntu, ubukrelekrele, ubukrele, kunye nemfazwe. [[FLT] uphawu lomfanekiso we-mascreyithis syndskeyn, iscript syncreat synd syncreat types types syke typet typet symt symt syntal, i- syms syms sync typet synd

Imisebenzi yakhe emiselwe ngumntu omdala, ingakumbi u-Phoenix kunye ne[FLT]Adolf, ibonisa ukuba i-manga iyakwazi ukuphatha intanda-bulumko, ukufa, kunye nembali enzima. i-Tezuka'''''' i-ibrasi yomzinzo wemfutho negcina izinto zakudala ibalaselisa umlinganiselo omangalisayo wemveliso yakhe i — ngaphezu kwemiqulu engama-700 edibanisa yonke i-genre. Indlela yakhe yokuyila ngokusisiseko indlela abazobugcisa abacinga ngayo ngokwakhiwa kweqela kunye nokuphembeleka. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe ngo-19, uTezuka wayeqeqeshiwe okanye ubale oluphefumlelweyo abadalileyo, beqinisekisa iindlela zakhe ezisasaze imbonakalo yohlobo lokulinganisa. I-" "udegagamerkin) ayinikelanga umgaqo-mgaqo-mthetho wayo.

Akira Toriyama: Ukubuyisela Isitofu Esingumhlaba Wonke

Ukuba iTenika yakha isakhiwo, Akira Toriyama yongeza isiphekepheke sesiphekepheke. Ukusuka ekupheleni ko 1970 [FLT: 0]. . . . . . . . i-Slump, iToriyama yakhawuleza yafumana igama elimnandi, elicocekileyo, elicocekileyo kunye nehlazo. [[FLT:] [2] [iiiqela] tragon Ball [[[FLT]] [[FLT] [3], iqala ngo 1984, ithe yambeka ithe ithe tha kwintsoko entle. Ngokugqithisileyo iphenjelelwa luphawu lwayo lweziko lwayolo lwamaTshayina [[FLT:] Joyney kuNtshona [[FLT] [5], uthothotho olusuka kwi gragragn i-eved inggrange, isijantshi yaseYurophu, isijamani, isi sinye ebanzi, eninzi, eMagronggneyogneenyusela

Ubuchule betoriyama bubonakala ngoko nangoko: imbombo, iimpawu ezinamandla neziqhushumbisayo. Wazenza zalula imvelaphi ukuze aqhubeke ejolise phambili ekushukumiseni, ubuchule obenzeni imifanekiso elwayo ifundwe ngesantya esingenakukholeleka kwaye icace. Iprojekthi yakhe yentanda-bulumko igxininisa imiboniso kunye nendlela efundekayo, ivumela abafundi ukuba balandele isakhiwo esintsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokudideka. I-Dragon Ball[FLLD] yabala ingcamango yokwanda kwamanqanaba amandla kunye neentunja zamandla, izixhobo zokubala izixhobo ngoku ezikwimo ebanzi kwinkanga ne-manterpie. Ungcelele oluthandwayo luvula iingcango zoguqulelo lwesingesizi, kwaye ludwelise indlela yezizwe ngezizwe ngeminyaka yee-1990 kunye neyama 2000.

Ngaphezu komsebenzi wakhe, uTiyama's speciotio ye- i-Dragon Quest uthotho lomdlalo wevidiyo lwaqinisa impembelelo yakhe kuso sonke isizukulwana samajelo eendaba aseJapan. Ubuchule bakhe bokudibanisa uburharharha, izigxo eziphezulu, kunye nophawu olusuka entliziyweni lwabonisa ukuba amabali ezenzo angafuni ukuncama i-resona. Nanamhlanje, abazobi bachaza uTriyama uqoqosho lwente kunye nesingqi esikhokelayo. Umkhosi wakuqala usebenza [[FLT.FLD] [FLT. uthengiselwano [omnyakatho] umakhulu ezigidi zemipu, kwaye ulungiso lwawo olusebenzayo lusasele umgangatho wenkcubeko. Toriyama wangqina ukuba umdali omnye uyakwazi ukuvelisa isiqhubo sendlela sokubona kwakhona isiJapan.

Rumiko Takahashi: Ukuqhekeza Izithintelo Zeengwevu Nge Wit Nentliziyo

Ngelixesha iflag ikhanyiswe kakhulu kwitshati yorhwebo, iRumiko Takahashi yaqoba isithuba esichaphazelekileyo sokuzidibanisa. Njengenye yeegcisa zamabhinqa ezinempumelelo ethengisayo zemanga zamaxesha onke, waba nguvulindlela hayi ngokusebenzisa i-advocacy kodwa ngobuchule obuphezulu bobugcisa kunye nokuchaza. [Umkhamo we-FLT: 0], [[FLT:] Urussei Yatsura[FLT], uxubanisa inzululwazi, ificio yothando, kwaye imbamfatha ngendlela etsala abaphula abantu abaninzi. Kamva udweliso olufana [[FLT:] [FLT] [12] [5], ngaphandle kotyikityo olugqithisileyo olugqithisileyo, olusuka kwintshukumo yakhe yotyikityo.[FT]

Uxwebhu luka Takahashi luyindawo ephandle yengxaki, eguquguqukayo. Lum, i-astrials evela .Ururei Yatsura, liyintombazana ephuphayo ngexesha elinye nentombazana ephupha ngesiqu sayo, iguqula i-archee imoregi yomntukazi engasebenziyo eqheleke kakhulu ngo 1980. [FYDA] ithathe ucwangciso lwe-ftasy kwaye ikhuphele uxinzelelo lothando lwangoku, olunomtsalayo, ukwenziwa kobabini abafundi. Isimbo sakhe sokubona i-mandash, esicocekileyo, nesinomtyalo ophezulu, nolunyukileyo, senziwa ngexesha elinyanisekileyo lobunzima. Engazange inikezele ngabafundi, endaweni yokuba idityaniswe, iditya.

Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, uTakahashi wayesitshitshisile isilingi seglasi yoshishino, engqina ukuba amabhinqa angaphezulu kwimiqolo ye-genress eyayikhe yathathwa njengendawo yamadoda. Impumelelo yakhe yezorhwebo yavulela abalawuli njenge CLAMP neHiromu Akawa. Impumelelo yakhe edibeneyo yokuhlekisa nokungqubana kwentliziyo ebuhlungu yabeka ibala elibonisa ukuba umgangatho womntu ophezulu uthetha ngeempawu zobuntu-zintlobano-zintlobano. Uninzi lwawo olwamkela ngokunzima ukhuthazo oluthiweyo, lubonisa indlela oluyiyo, oluhle oluhle luziswe ngayo iingxelo ezikwindawo zokuhlala abantu abahlala behleli khona. UTahihihihas ufana nje nomntu osisifak ’ ugqirha ochwesazi ukuba athethe ngemigca efana nendoda ehlala ephikisana nendoda.

Iqela LeeGekiga Nezikhuthazo Eziqolileyo

Ngeli xesha uTezuka ejolise kwintelekelelo efana nomntwana, umsinga onxulunyaniswayo ekupheleni konyaka ka-1950 wafuna ukutyhala i-manga ukuya kubumnyama, indawo engqinelanayo. gegaga [imifanekiso eshukumayo] (iimifanekiso ecacileyo]) igatyelwe intsingiselo efana neyomntwana ye "manga" kwaye ijoliswe ekukhuleni kwemifanekiso efana nezixhobo zebhanile. I-gean efana noYoshiro Tatsumi, intshukumo egxininisa ubomi obugcuntyo, ubunzulu bengqondo, kunye nemixholo emikhulu. Aba badali badla ngokuzipapasha ngokwabo phambi kokuba baqhawule amathala encwadi aphambili, kunye nomsebenzi wabo uphuhliso-menterp (iiauventia athessssss syst proving).

UHiroshi Hirata: Umbhali - mbali waseSamurai

Phakathi koovulindlela be-gekiga, uHiroshi Hirata uphande ngophando lwakhe olubalulekileyo lwembali noluluhlaza, ubugcisa bebrashi-bhedi. Inkcubeko yakhe yesamurayi, enjenge Sathumanden [ kunye [[FLT:] kunye [FLT] no-[FLT] i-Korrata] no-'i-Korro'i-[FLT] i-ethe , igatyalwe i-thentio elulayo, ibonise ukuba umsebenzi owenziwe ngoburhalamo, ubuchule obudityaniweyo beJapan. [[5] i-Firta'egromess .[5] kunye noncedo lobuninzi lobomi.[Frame]

UShigeru Mizuki: Umculo wesizwe nowendalo Enamandla

Omnye umntu oyintloko owalufiphaza umahluko phakathi kwe-Manga edumileyo nekhulileyo yayinguShigerau Mizuki. Wayesaziwa kakhulu ngamabali akhe e-yokai (isidalwa esingokwemvelo), uMizuki wadibanisa inkcubeko yembali eneengxelo zobuqu obunzulu. Gege Gee no Kitaro waguqula izigemfo zobuzwelori zakwimifanekiso yemifanekiso ye-pop, ngelixa imbali yakhe i-agnome, ngexesha i-agnobos brac bracties [FLT:] umboniso: Imbali yeJapan [[[FLT] 3] edityaniswe nomfanekiso opholileyo. UMizuki wadweba kumava akhe ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi II, apho washiya ingaba yakhe entle ngaphangala. Uphando olubalulekileyo kuphando lwamahlaza lwamahlaza asemaphandleni lwamahlaneyo lwamahlaneyo lwamahlane.

UMizuki umninimzi ophindiweyo njengeflassist kunye negcisa wamnika ithuba lokuvala amafa akhe angaphambili nakhoyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Amabali akhe eyokai ayengasoyiki okanye aphupha nje; ayeyizithuthi zokuhlola ubukho bamaJapan, izithethe zasemaphandleni, kunye nolwalamano phakathi kwabantu nendalo. I Shigeru Mizuki Museum eSakaiminato igcina ilifa lakhe kwaye ibonise indlela umsebenzi wakhe onxulumene ngokunzulu nembali yamaJapan. Impembelelo yakhe iquka ngaphandle kwezifundo zemfundo zemfundo, apho athengiselwa iincwadi zemfundo ze-yokayibhuli zidityalwa ngabaphengululi. UMizuki wangqina ukuba uMangaki unokuba yimo egcina izithethe ziphila, egcina izithethe ezinokubuyileyo ngaphandle koko.

IKatsuhiro Otomo: Isityalo esinemicu esinemisonto emincinane nesesinyithi esinemisonto emhlophe

Akukho kuqwalaselwa kwe 20-centurga kugqibekile ngaphandle kwe Katsuhiro Otomo, [u [FLT]] Akira waguqula zombini ii-mome kunye nezizwe ngezizwe zemvelaphi enzima, ubuchule obuntsonkothileyo, ubuchule bokuyila, kunye nokuhamba kwezixhobo ze-Speyin, [[FLT]] Akira[FLT][FLT] [iTY] [iiiithenjiwe], i-Dishtiopous Neocle-Tokto eguqulelwe ngobuchule obugqithisileyo. I-otomo's eninzi yemiculito, ubuchule obuntsnabileyo, kunye nonyuko lwezikhupho lwesandla lwesandla lungafikelela kwimiboniso-me-me-etho.

Impembelelo ye-Otomo inwebe ngaphaya [[FLT: 0] Akira; imisebenzi yakhe emifutshane neqhubekekayo yasungula amagama abonakalayo e-complyplunk abumba yonke into esuka i-Gaff kwi Shell[ kumdlalo wevidiyo. Iidraftistings kunye nento ecothayo, inteza intengiso yento enzima, ichaza ukuba i-manga inokuba yi-imer kwaye intsonke njengenowwn. Isikali se-[FLT] [FLT:] [[FLT]] [FLT] [5] [iiiiiiiinjini yevidiyo, iguqulelwe ngabalawuli, icwangciswe ngemigrowane, icwangcisi se-ogroptomastiki entsha. I-Ogen ibingenakuba singqinwa yimintsonga yemi, kodwa iin yemposiso yento engathi yento.

Iitrakta ezihamba ngaphesheya koMsinga Oyintloko

Ngeli xesha iTezuka, iToriyama, ne Takahashi zisoloko zikhova izinto ezidlulileyo, inkulungwane yama-20 yavelisa uninzi lwezinye iinguqu ezashiya uphawu olungenakucinywa kwi-athom. Fujiko F. Fujio (igama lepeni elisetyenziswa ngabazobini abasebenzisanayo) ladala [[FRIT:] [[FULT]] [[3] [iiNdlela] I-Domotoma [[FOT]] [[2]], i-apta entle eyaba yindlela ethandwayo e-mfolokhweni enqamlezayo eAsia. [3] Uthothotho lwe-FTFT] [ipT] [94] [igneexPT] [9999] imixholo yobuhlobo, inkceloso, kwaye ithelela iimbono zobuphiciso, zobuphini obufana nolu nyaka womntu ngamnye womntu ngamnye, uluvo oluthe nyaka womntu ngamnye, othe .[ophuthu , uluthe

U-Gognai wahlula imida engalunganga ngogonyamelo, ngesondo, nangendlela yokulungisa i-mecha. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukutyhala imida evulekileyo kuludwe olunjengo [[FLT: 0] indoda enguMvuli-Mbhoxo kunye no-Mazinger Z, ukwandisa imida yoko kwamkelekileyo kubantwana. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukutyhala imida evulweyo kuvule imida ukwenzela ulwaleko olukhululeke ngakumbi kwishishini. Ngamnye waba badwebi wongeze imaleko emitsha kwincoko ekwaziyo yendoda, ebonisa ukuba umchazi uyakwazi ukuhlalisa nawuphi na, isandi, okanye abaphulayo. Umahluko womntu owenziwe ngolu hlobo lwe-Gawulayo olubonisa yonke imiboniso yomntu. Kuzobezo zonke ezi zincwadi zeMiboniso oluphezulu lwembali, upapashosho opapashiwe yi-Mnyusi ye-Mnyuzi yemi, i-ondo yehlabathi neyama yoondo ephumayoMvuvuvuvuvuvu.

Ilifa Eliphilayo

Abazobi benkulungwane yama-20 abazange bavelise nje uthotho oluthandwayo; bakha ulwimi olubonakalayo kunye nemeko-bume yeshishini ezakuphumelela izizukulwana. Ukuvuma kwabo ukulinga ifomati, imibandela, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa bandisa inani labantwana abafikelelayo kubantwana ukuya kubantu abadala, ukusuka kwiqela lamadoda abafundayo ukuya kumgangatho wesifashoni. Ishishini ladala i-— lisekelwe kuhlomelo oluphezulu lweveki ngeveki kwimibambo — lihlala lingumthombo wokupapasha kwendoda unamhla. Abadali banamhlanje, nokuba basebenza kwimigangatho yamanani okanye kwizixhobo ezishiciweyo, lime emagxesheni ezi inko. Umatshini, udidi lwemihlathi, uhlobo lwesazi sesazi sesazi, kunye nezingqini ezichulo oluchunisiweyo ngoTezuka, u-Tahiya, u-Miki, u-Miki, kunye nabanye ababhiyotshiweyo emhlabeni wonke.

Njengoko inkulungwane iphela, i-manga yayitshintshe ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwindawo ehlekisayo ukuya kuhlobo lobugcisa oludumileyo emhlabeni wonke. Isiseko esibekwe ngaba bazobi banempembelelo sihlala siselityeni elinamaphepha akhoyo alapho. Amaphepha abo aqalayo, agcinwe kwiimyuziyam kwaye aqwalaselwe kumaxwebhu emfundo, ayaqhubeka ephefumlela kungekuphela nje oomatshini abazobayo kodwa kwanabenzi bemifanekiso eshukumayo, abanobuchule bomdlalo, nabaquququzeleli bobugocigo, abasebenza nje ngembali kodwa abasebenzayo kodwa abasebenzayo abangekabi, ukuvavanyaza, kunye nokuzihlekisa. Nabani na ofuna ukuqonda la magcisa, amashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo eencwadi angaphambili, ahlala ekho kwinqaku elibalulekileyo le-mdrag.