Upopayi ungundoqo kumboniso wokuzonwabisa nowenkcubeko, ukubumba indlela amabali athelekelelwa ngayo kwaye anamava kwizizukulwana. Ukusuka kwii-flipbook ezitsalwa ngesandla ukuya kumazwe abonisa amanani angaqhelekanga, ukunxibelelana kuqhubeke ngokujongana nombono weeklasi eziqhekezayo eziye zalinga ukuvavanya ubuchule kunye neendibano zengxelo. Eli nqaku libonisa ixesha elikufutshane lemiboniso yomfanekiso, ukuqaqamba imisebenzi yazo yomatshini wezandla kunye nempembelelo ehlala ixesha ezinayo kushishino lwehlabathi.

Ubomi Bokwenza Utyando

Iingcambu zolinganiso zidlulela ngaphaya kwexesha lefilimu, zinezinto zokudlala zemehlo ezifana ne-zoet rop kunye ne-praxinoscope etsalayo abaphulaphuli kwinkulungwane ye-19. Noko ke, yayiyisakhiwo sezindlu ezinikezelweyo zemveliso ezajika imizobo eshukumayo ibe yifomu yezobugcisa bezorhwebo. Iikladi zakudala zakha ubuchule bokuyila isiseko ```Acel ulinganiso, ukulinganisa isandi, kunye nebali lobuntu elichaza ukushukuma----

IWinsor McCay kunye neProto-Studio Era

Phambi kokuba kuvele ii-studio ezisesikweni, abazobi ngabanye abafana noWinsor McCay babonisa amandla oopopayi. I-1914 incinci uGitie iDinosaur wasebenzisa uphawu olunobuntu kunye nomsebenzi wokusebenzisana, eseka iplani yeenkwenkwezi eziphilileyo. Umsebenzi we McCay', osoloko uveliswa ngeqela elincinane labancedisi, wangqina ukuba ulinganiso lungathwala ubunzima obungokweemvakalelo nobunzulu bengxelo, ebeka isiseko senkqubo yeqela leqela elilandelayo.

Walt Disney Studios (1923)

Wasekwa nguWalt noRoy O. Disney, istudio yafana notshintsho emva kokhupho lwesikhephe esinesantya esiphezulu uWillie ngo1928. Njengenye yeepoyinti zokuqala ezinesandi esidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo, yazisa iMicky Mouse kwihlabathi yaza yabonisa amandla okutshata isandi nomfanekiso. Ukusukela okungapheliyo kobunjani kukhokelela kwikhamera eninzi, Technicolorvetion, kunye newokuqala umboniso onomsila wefilimi onomtsalaneyi, iDisney esendaweni njengenkokeli yoshishino. Ukukhangela iincopho zokuqala, ukutyelela [FFLD:]

Fleischer Studios (1921)

UMax noDave Fleischer bakha istudio eyaziwa ngedolophu yabo entle kunye noburharha. Iimpawu ezifana ne- Popeye kunye Betty Boop[FLT]] yazizinto zobuzwe zenkcubeko nge grapty, ukushukuma kwerabha okwenziwa ngenkqubo ecacileyo yeroboscope, elandelela ukuba iphile-inyawo ukwenza uopopayi bomatshini. I-studiop ye-medioussssss kwaye yavelisa ezinye zezininzi ii-risquququ ze-jozi ze-jozi-ish zexesha langaphambi kwekho.

ULotte Reiniger Noovulindlela Abanovelwano BaseYurophu

Ngelixesha imo yokusebenza yezorhwebo enkulu, iLotte Reiniger's isebenza ngomfanekiso wolinganiso eJamani ngexesha lee1920 imela incopho yobuchule. Umsebenzi wakhe I-Adves zePrince Achmed (1926) yenye yeempawu ezindala eziphilayo, esebenzisa ngokuntsonkothile amanani amaphepha kunye nokukhanyisa komva. Olu vavanyo lwangaphambili kwintengiso yobude bebali elichaza kunye neplani yekhamera eninzi efana nezicwangciso ezitsha ezitsha ezitsha zeDishney, ezinyusa ubuchule bezizwe ngezizwe bokwenziwa koopopayi kwasekuqaleni.

IXesha leGolden loopopayi (1930s-1950)

Ngexesha lamashumi eminyaka, uopopayi bakhula kwishishini lokuzonwabisa elikhuselwe ngokupheleleyo. Imidlalo yeqonga yajongeka njengezomfanekiso eziphilayo, kwaye istudio zakhuphisana ngobundlobongela ukuvelisa ezona zinto zimangalisayo nezibukhali. Iimpawu zobuntu ezikhulayo, ukuncokola kwabanobuntlola ngakumbi, kwaye isiseko sabekwa ngenxa yeempawu ezinamandla ezinokugqitha imiqobo yobudala.

Oopopayi (1930)

Leon Schlesinger- eveliswe upopayi ngaphantsi kweWarner Bros. Ibhanile yakha isimbo sendlu esichazwa ngobuntu kunye nomlilo okhawulezayo. Bugs Bunny, , [[FLT]] Daffy Duck[, [[FLT], ne [[FLT]] P [4] PY] PHGH [[FLT]] wabunjwa ngabalawuli beTex Avery, Chuck, noBob Jones. Isibopho sokucwangcisa ixesha, incoko, nophawu oludityanisiweyo, kunye nolungiso olusetweyo, lwenza lwethala leencwadi elincinane elikhoyo ngexesha elifanayo noluhleliyo.

Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer Cartoon Studio

Iyunithi yoopopayi ye-MGM, eyomelezwa kufikelo lweTex Avery kwaye kamva uWilliam Hanna noJoseph Barbera, bavelisa ezinye zezona mifanekiso ye-statior mifutshane. Tom noJerry bathenjiswa ngo1940 baqhubela phambili uwino lweAcademy Advards ezininzi nge virtuosomedy kunye nohlobo lophawu olugqibeleleyo. U-Averyry's's iziphene, kuquka Blash Hood[FLD, ityhalela imida yemidangatho emfiliba kunye nozingcibi, ivavanisa imida yoko kunokuthiwe yi-faldiod.

Ukuveliswa KweMelika Ngamanyeneyo (UPA) Nokuqalisa Koyilo Lwale Mihla

Ukuqukunjelwa kumboniso weFoctey kunye nowexesha lemfazwe, i-UPA yahlukana nento yokwenene entsonkothileyo ngokudibanisa, ukucamba okucacileyo okuphenjelelwe bubugcisa bale mihla. Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950) kunye nothotho Mnul. Magoo[ utho olushwabekileyo olusetyenziswa njengomlinganiselo oqingqiweyo wangaphambili wobugcisa kunomlinganiselo wokunyusa. Lentanda-ntanda-bulumko yaphinda yaziphinda-phinda ibalalise kuyo yonke indawo umatshini osuka kumboniso we-mafutshane kwimveliso encinane.

Uloyiso lwenkcazo yeDiney

Imveliso yexesha elimnandi ye-fney phakathi ko 1937 no1967 yachaza kwakhona oko abaphulaphuli bakulindeleyo koopopayi. uWhite kunye ne-Seven Dwarfs (1937]) yangqina ukuba umzobo onesithonga owenziwe ngenkani ubunokuba yibhokisi yeofisi. Iziphumo ezifana Pinocchio [1940], [[FLT:]] [[FLT] umba] [[1942], [iiiiiiiiindawo yonxibelelwano], kunye .Sleep Beart Beast [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [5] [195]] uphawu lomfanekiso wemkhethe, nokuhlokopo, nokuveza komculo. Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye nezibonelelo zenziso ezikhoyo.

Upopayi

Njengoko izinto zemidlalo yeqonga zazisihla, umabonwakude waba ngumda omtsha. Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali ongabonakaliyo kodwa ochumileyo, ikhusi elincinane lakhuthaza isizukulwana sabasebenzi abangalibalekiyo nezithethe zoMgqibelo. iStudios yaziqhelaniswa ngobuchule bokusulungekisa oopopayi obulinganiselweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlolweni kwemifanekiso ebangela ukuba ingeniso yeveki nganye ivunyelwe kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwesithethe samaMelika ehlekisayo.

Hanna- Barbera Imveliso (1957)

William Hanna noJoseph Barba boyisile umabonwakude ngemodeli yemveliso egxininisa ukusebenza kwelizwi elinamandla, imvelaphi ephinda-phindiweyo, kunye nokuhamba okuncinane. [[FLT]] iFlintslips (60]) yaba yeyokuqala isiqalo sexesha lokusebenza, ngexesha Scooby-Doo, Apho Ukhona! [[FLT:] [12]] [1269] [FT] [FT],[FT] [FLT],[4] [FT]

Amalungu eFilim (1962)

Uboniso- filim lwaziwa ngezenzo zayo-izifundo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nothotho lweziphene, ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa ulandelelwano olunemitsalane olunenkcukacha zokutyhalela phambili. Yena-Madom kunye noMaster we-Indalo [ [19983] [iii-fish nezifundo zokuziphatha okuhle, ngelixesha langaphambili libonisa njengo-Albert noCosby Kids[FLT] umba othe ngqo. Indlela yabo yokuthetha ngentethetho kunye nokuthembela kwizinto ezithenjiweyo ezinzima eziphenjelelwe kwinkqubela ye-Frankchies kunye nenkqubo yabantwana kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.

Ukuvela KweAnime YaseJapan Kamabonwakude

Ngeli xesha iistudio zaseMerika zilawula intshona, iJapan yayisakha eyayo indlela yokulinganisa umabonwakude. I-Osamu Tezuka’s Mushi Prodution yadalwa Astro Boy (63), uthotho lokuqala oluthandwayo lwamaJapan oluya emoyeni kwiU.S. Isicwangciso sokulinganisa esisikelweyo, esiqhutywa ngoqingqo-mali oluqinileyo kunye nokugxininiswa kwimibhobho yebali elinxileyo, ekugqibeleni lwavela kwi-aimaste astetic. Le nkcazelo ye-culocal eshiciweyo ityalwe iimbewu ze-ayim egqukuva kwinkulungwane kamva.

UBuyiselo lwamanani (1980s-19990)

Ixesha lobuchule bokwenza izinto kunye nobuchule obungalawulekiyo, kula mashumi eminyaka abona ubugcisa bezixhobo zobugcisa besandla butyhalwa kwimida yalo kwaye emva koko buphinde bubonwe ngemifanekiso yekhompyutha. Ukhuphiswano lweStudio lwakhuthaza igagasi leefilimu ezinomtsalane kubantwana nakubantu abadala, ukuphinda kufakwe ubuchule njengohlobo olunzulu lobugcisa befilimu.

Umatshini wokulinganisa wePixar Studios (1986)

Okuqale kwaqalisa njengecandelo lekhompyutha eLucasfilm yaguqulelwa kwi-CGI studio enempembelelo kakhulu ehlabathini. Ifomati yokuqala, iToy Story (1995], yaba yeyokuqala yekhompyutha edibeneyo kwaye yaguqula i-methodia ye-emome. Ngentanda-PGO ingukumkani , i-studiant ilandela nge-resooktha eqhutywayo njenge [[FLT:] ushishino lombane] kwaye yafumana enye i-projective. projectives. syst projectives.[FLT]

Iphupha Elisebenza Ngoopopayi (1994)

Yafunyanwa ngu Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzen, noDavid Geffen, Iphupha SKG ngokukhawuleza layiphawula nge [[FLT: 0] Antz kwaye ngoko iprojekthi ye-pop-modefig [ Shrek[ [2001] [2001]. Iimbekiseko ezinkulu, kunye ne-frity-faityfity ibonise ukuba iimpawu ezisebenzayo zinokuba ziyakwazi ukuphumelela ukuphumelela iOscarps kunye nebhokisi enkulu yeposi zibuya. Iqela lenqanawa eliphambili likwafana [FLDict:] Prank [FFFD]

Studio Ghibli (1985)

Ikhowudi eyasekwa ngu Hayao Miyazaki no Isao Takahata, le ndawo yokusebenza yaseJapan yafana noopopayi abanamandla abatsalwa ngesandla kunye neengxelo ezixineneyo. Iifilimu ezinjenge Zam Ezobulali Totoro [1988] kunye [FLT]] Ethenjiwe I Shidev [[ [2001] [iye yaphumelela ezona zibonelelo zingundoqo zendalo (-OSOS //weave, Imfilist, kunye neintsomintso kumabali anomtsalayo yonke indawo. Ghibli's ulwamnke imibhobhozo yamanani yakudala yobugcisa yalobezo zobugcisa bendalo nezomzobo eziphefumlelweyo jikelele.

Upopayi weAardman (19972)

Uthotho lweqela le-British Studio Aardman wakrola indawo ebanzi ngomngxuma wokumisa-okanye nomfanekiso wodongwe ongaphantsi kwendlela ecacileyo. Wallace & Gromit uthotho, uqala nge Imini Enkulu [[[FLT:]] [19989], kunye nophawu [[FLT:]] [[FLT]]CIcken Run[[[[FLT:] [2000]]) ebonisa isigqumo esikhaphu- ngesiqu somfanekiso womfanekiso oqingqiweyo nothando lwe-fihlo. Impumelelo ye-glagman ingqina ukuba inkcile, ubuchule besandla, ukwenziwa ngesandla okukhutshwe ngokuchasene nophawu lwayo lwemiboniso lwezizwe ezithandekayo emhlabeni wonke.

Inkulungwane yama - 21 Nasemva Kwayo: Isiganeko Esiphakathi Kwehlabathi Lonke

Iwaka leminyaka elitsha lanyusa ubugcisa obuninzi bokulinganisa, ukusasazeka, kunye nempembelelo yenkcubeko. IStudios ezalwa kwimibhobho ekhutshwayo yamanani, intsebenziswano yehlabathi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iyakwazi ukuvelisa ulwakhiwo oludibanisa zonke iindidi kunye nabaphulaphuli. Imigca ephakathi kwemifanekiso eshukumayo, ungcelele lwe-TV, kunye nesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi iyaqhubeka imfiliba.

Blue Sky Studios (1987- 2021)

ISky Studios, ekuqaleni indlu yeziphumo zentelekelelo, efuduselwe kudumo ngeXesha [[FLT: 0] frankchise. Unyaka ka-2002 owenziweyo iScrat, ihemper-tood quetted messembring oonoveveves waba uphawu lwe-corn-chasidy yomzimba ekwi-CGI. I-proprietary i-trateer yenza uboya kunye nobekiweyo, nto leyo enegalelo kulwando olukhawulezayo lokulinganisa ikhompyutha ngaphaya kwemidathatho ebekwe ngoovulindlela bangaphambili.

Laika Studios (2005)

ILaika esekelwe kwi-Oregon yamkela ubuhle bokungafezeki ekunqandeni imvakalelo, idibanisa ukwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kobuso nobuso obuphinda-phindiweyo ukuze kufumane ukubonakala kobuso obungakaze bubonwe ngaphambili. Coline [209], Prager]N [[[FLT]N] [[FLAT]N] , [[FLAT]N] NOMPAN] [[3] .[2020][20] , [iiiiindawo] i-Parager [20] , [iiiiiiiiiindawo] ebanzi [indawo] [iiiindawo] ebanzi yencoko yezobugcisa ne-mastifilitiweyo efumana i-injini enzima nene-enjiweyo.

Ukuzonwabisa konikezelo (2007)

Uthotho olunemibala eqaqambileyo, oluneefilimu eziphezulu, olune-Illunication lwabetha igolide nge IMe uthotho olunokufumaneka kunye nabasebenzi bayo abaphunyukileyo, iMinions. Imodeli yoshishino ijolise kwimveliso yoqingqo-mali (ngokufuthi ukusebenza ngeqonga laseFrentshi iMac Guff) kunye nentlekisa-mathetho yamazwe ngamazwe, okuphumela kwezinye iifilimu ezinandiphekekayo zexesha lonke. Indlela yabo yokuhamba i-mentengiso ibonisa indlela enokuba yiyo ingeniso yehlabathi lonke kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwisakhiwo sangoku.

Upopayi (2002)

Upopayi we-Sony Pictures waqala nge-CGI ngemiboniso enjenge Ixesha elivulekileyo kunye u-Surf's APhezulu[ kodwa ngenene wafumana ilizwi layo ngokuqhekeza komhlaba [ Mntu]: kwiSpider-Versede [[[FLT]] [2088]. Ifilimu idityaniswe i 2Dmagnome-book intetics ngokusika-ged 3D uguqulelo, yenza isimbo sefreji-m ezangazange zibonwe ngaphambili. Olu lwimi lungqindilili olune lulungela ukutyhubela kunye nokufumana i-Acammedia.

I-Cartoon Network Studios kunye neNguquko yabaLandisi

Ulinganiso lukamabonwakude lwabona unyuko lokwenza ngemiboniso yomdali- oqhutyelwa phambili ekuqaleni ko 2000. UCartoon Network Studios wavelisa [[FLT: 0] iDexter’s Laboratory, iProuppoff , kwaye kamva [[FLT:] [4] Ixesha , eyandisa oko i-episodic inokuba yi.Freator Studos encown- ingced shorts ezithe kratyayo ngokufanayo [[FLT:] kunye ne [FLT] [FT] [FT] [5]

Isiphelo

Uhambo lwe studio loopopayi lusisixhobo sokubuyisela ngokuzingisileyo ```kusuka kwi inki engenanto' kunye nepeyinti ukuya kwimveliso ecacileyo kunye nonikezelo lwexesha lokwenene. Ixesha ngalinye liveze imisebenzi yomatshini wobugcisa nenkcubeko yexesha layo. Njengoko amaqonga amatsha namaqula etalente asemhlabeni wonke eqhubeka evela, istudio ezakhe zachaza imbonakalo ngoku zabelana ngeqonga nabadali abazimeleyo kunye nezindlu zamandla zamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa ke isiseko sihlala singatshintshi: ubuchule bokulinganisa ukuzisa ihlabathi elingenakufikeleleka kunye nabasebenzi abangalibalekiyo kubomi, ifreyidi.

  • UWinsor McCay – Gertie the Dinosaur (1914)
  • Walt Disney Studios – Iphenyane uWillie (1928)
  • Fleischer Studios – Popeye (1933)
  • Ibrorho yoopopayi – isiphene
  • UMGM Cartoon Studio – Tom noJerry (1940)
  • UPA – Gerald McBoing- Boing (1950)
  • Disney's Ireen Age – Sleeping Beauty (1959)
  • Hanna-Barbera – The Flintstones (1960)
  • Pixar – Toy Story (1995)
  • Iphupha Lisebenza Uopopayi – Shrek (2001)
  • Studio Ghibli – Spirit Devide (2001)
  • Aardman – Wallace & Gromit: Isiqalekiso seRof- Rabbit (2005)
  • Laika – Coline (2009)
  • Sony Pictures Oopopayi – Indoda yeSpider: kwi Sidege- Verse (208)

Kwimbono ebanzi kwimbali yoopopayi, [[FLT: 0] Inethwekhi yehlabathi efana nayo inika ucoselelo oluqhubekayo lwemisebenzi yoshishino, kunye kunye nolulo lweNtshukumo lobugcisa bemifanekiso kunye nenzululwazi igcina oovimba kwimiqobo esebenzayo enika unikezelo lomo ophicothayo kwindaleko ye-modeli.