Ukususela kwikumkanikazi ezingendawo zamabali anzima ukuya kumntu onamandla angaqhelekanga kwimifanekiso eshukumayo yale mihla, abagrogrisi bakwindawo ekhethekileyo kwingqiqo edibeneyo. Abangowona mqobo wamaqhawe okwaziyo ukumelana nawo; basisipili esibonakalisa amaxhala anzima ebutho labantu kunye neefestile kwikona ezididanisayo zengqondo yabantu. Ukuqonda umenzi wobugqwirha kukubuza imibuzo engathandekiyo malunga nobukhobo bethu bobukhohlakele, ukunganyaniseki kwemida yokuziphatha, kunye nentsingiselo yokwenene yokuzikhethela. Oku kudibanisa intanda-ntanda-bulumko, ingqondo, kunye nobugcisa bobugcisa bokudidanisa into eyenza ii-agtagnonethi zithande kangaka, kwaye oko kutyhila amabali abo ngemeko yabantu.

Indlela Obuyiyo Ububi: Umbuzo Ontsonkothileyo

Ingcamango yobungendawo ayizange ibe luphawu olumnyama kumphefumlo. Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi intandabulumko iye yazamana nemvelaphi yayo, ubukho bayo, nobukho bayo. Ngaba ngamandla asebenzayo, ukungabikho kobungendawo, okanye igama esisebenzisayo kwizinto ezisichukumisayo? Indlela iingcinga eziwuphendule ngayo lo mbuzo ngendlela esiwujonga ngayo ukwenziwa kwanotoliko kwintsomi nakubomi.

Plato kunye nokungazi kakuhle kwelungileyo — Kulwazi lwencoko, ubungendawo bunqabile ukubuthatha ngabom ubungendawo ngenxa yalo. UPlato waphikisa ngelithi abantu basoloko bejolise injongo yoko bakugqala njengokulungileyo; ukwenza okubi kubangelwa kukungabi nalwazi okanye ukuqonda okugqwethekileyo kwesidima. Umlawuli, kule mbono, akasilo isigebenga esinqwenelela intshabalaliso kodwa umphefumlo ofafafakiswe kuhlobo lokusesikweni, usukela iziyolo ezikhokelela kwintlungu enzulu. Le mbono ibonisa ukuba izigwebo zidla ngokuba ngamanyala, ukusukela izinto ezizigcina bebambekelwe kwingozi.

Augustine kunye noMvumo we-Priviation yeLuntu — St. Augustine wanika ujikelezo lwezakwalizwi olwaphembelela iinkulungwane zeengcamango zaseNtshona. Kuye, okubi kwakungenanto yako; yayikukonakala okanye ukungabi nakulunga, kanye njengenxeba kukungabikho kwempilo enyameni. Imposiso, ngoko, ayizaliswanga yinto embi kodwa ilungile eyadalwayo. Le ngcamango, eyaziwa njenge i-ivoio brio, ithetha ukuba kwaneyona nto ingeyoyoyoyoyoyiyo engalunganga i-asenyoliyo, igcina umgangatho wokulunga, ukwenza umgangatho wobumnyama, ungenzi nto engendawo.

.Equant Evil . [Immanuel Kant wazisa ingxaki ngokupheleleyo kummandla wenkululeko yomntu. Wathetha “ngengozi engaqhelekanga” njengemo yendalo yomntu ukuthoba umthetho wokuziphatha ukuze ungenelele. Ayiyondlela yangaphandle kodwa ngumahluko onyuliweyo wezinto eziza kuqala. Umenzi wesigebengu, kwisakhiwo seKantian, ubekek'utyala ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yalo khetho. Oku kusijonga njengezinto ezicetyiweyo kodwa njengabathunywa bazo abazimiseleyo kodwa abazizo, abanolwazi lomthetho wokuziphatha, bakhetha ukuwuchasa.

Intanda-bulumko yale mihla yongeza omnye umlinganiso: ubugxwayiba bobubi. UHannah Arendt, enikela ingxelo ngetyala lika-Adolf Eichmann, waphawula ukuba izenzo ezimanyumnyezi zisoloko zibangelwa yintiyo yedemon kodwa kukungacingeli, umsebenzi wempangelo, nokungakwazi ukucinga ukuba uluvo lomnye umntu lungabhabhaduza umva nomhlaba, zisikhumbuza ukuba ii-agnophenti azifuni zizinto ezingqubanayo nezibhityileyo. Zingamele ziphawule uluvo oluthe cwaka. (Explore Arend'''''''incoko [FLT:]][FFF3]]).

Ingcamango Ebangela Ukungaqondi

Ngoxa intanda - bulumko ilawula isakhiwo sokuziphatha, inzululwazi yengqondo ikhupha umatshini ongaphakathi. Ziziphi iinkqubo ezikhuthazayo nendlela yokucinga ezibangela umntu ukuba ahlale eyingozi kwabanye? Uphando lwale mihla lwengqondo lunika inkcitho yeempawu, iingxwelerha, neempazamo ezibangela ukuba abantu bacinge izinto eziyingozi ezingekho ngqiqweni baze baphile ngendlela ephazamisayo.

Ukungalungelelani Nobuntu Nokuziphatha Okungathandekiyo

Obona bantu baninzi bangenalwazi babalasele kwiimaphu zabo bajonga ingcaciso yenzululwazi yengqondo, kwanokuba abasayi kuxilongwa ngezo zifo. Oku akuthethi kuthi bayasihlaza isifo sengqondo kodwa kumele kucace ukuba amakroza athile akwizinto ezisengqondweni abangela ukuba abantu basebenzise inkohlakalo.

  • [[NTLT: 0] Ingxaki yobuntu obungalawulekiyo: Imvakalelo enkulu yokuzincoma, imfuneko enzulu yokuzincoma, nokungabi naluvelwano kubangela uphawu oluzakulusebenzisa kakubi kwaye lungalusebenzisi unyawu. Cinga nge-Iago i-Ollalo [, enomona nekratshi elimqhubela ekutshabalaleni ubomi bakhe ngokusuka ekububoneni ubungangamsha bakhe. Uncwadi lwesazi ludibanisa le milinganiselo yokuzikhusela ngokuzingca. (Funda kakhulu kwinzululwazi yanamhlanje [FLT]]
  • Ingxaki yobuntu noluntu: Ukungawakhathaleli okugqugqisileyo amalungelo abanye, aphawulwa kukuqhatha, ukungathobeki, nokusilela ukuhambisana nezithethe zentlalo. IJoker ikubonisa oku ngokuchasana kwayo okuvuyisayo kuyo yonke imida. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abanjalo basoloko benovelwano olungenaluzwelayo.]
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Borderline Personal Disorder:[ Ukungazinzi kweemvakalelo, imigudu engxamisekileyo yokuphepha ukushiywa, kunye nokuziva ubuthathaka kungenza ubugqwirha obunolunya olubangelwa ziintlungu ezigqithisileyo. Ukujingajinga kwetyala nengqumbo yebhinqa uMacbeth, ekugqibeleni ukungquzula ingqondo yalo, ukuvavanisa uphawu olunzulu lwangaphakathi lwale ndlela.

Isithunzi Sesifo Sokukrala

Iziphumo zezenzo ezininzi zobungendawo yimbali yokubandezeleka. I-Trauma ayiyithetheleli inkohlakalo, kodwa ikhanyisa indlela abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi abahamba ngayo. Iingcali zengqondo ziphawula ukuba inkxwaleko yangaphambili inokuthi iphazamise inkqubela-phambili eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha kwaye yenza ihlabathi lihlale lisoyikisa.

  • Ukuxhatshazwa kobuntwana nokungakhathalelwa: Voldemort, ekhuliswe kwikhaya leenkedama elingenaluthando, ifunda kwangoko ukuba amandla ekuphela kwemali eqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ukusukela kwakhe ukungafi okugqithisileyo kungafundwa njengendlela yokubhabha ngokuphelelwa lithemba ekuchaphazelekeni kwakhe esengumntwana.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukwaliwa nokuzifunela: Isidalwa kuMary Shelley's Fradenstein[ siba yehlayo kuphela emva kokuchaswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngumdali nebutho lakhe. Ugonyamelo lwakhe lusisicelo esigqwethekileyo sokuvuma, ukubonisa indlela ukubekelwa kude kwentlalo okungaphazamisa ngayo imfuneko yokunxibelelana kwimfuno yempindelelo.
  • Iziqabu kunye nentlungu entsonkothileyo: Kumabali amaninzi, ukufa kothandekayo kuba sisixhobo esijikelezayo. Ukuguqulwa kweDakin Skyswaker kubangelwa luloyiko lokuphulukana noPadmé, kumkhokelela ekuthabatheni icala elimnyama elithembisa ukulawula ukufa ngokwako. Izenzo zokubulala abantu abaninzi zingaqhelekanga, ukanti ingcambu yemvakalelo luloyiko olunzulu lomntu lokulahlekelwa.

Ukugqwethwa Kwendlela Yokuzichaza Nokungalawuleki

Iibrain azifane zizijonge njengezingendawo. Zizenza ugwebo oluntsonkothileyo oluzivumela ukuba ziphile ngezenzo zazo. Isazi ngengqondo engokwasekuhlaleni uAlbert Bandura wachaza iindlela zokungalungi kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha: ukuthambisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha: ukuthoba amagama okungalawuleki, ukuthoba ubunyama kwamaxhoba, nokuzikisa imbopheleleko. Umlawuli olawulayo angabiza ukutshatyalaliswa kohlanga ngokuthi “ukuhlanjululwa”; umthandi onomona angaphinda atshabalalise njengentshabalaliso.” La maqhinga awafani nanto esetyenziswa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo ukuqal ’ ubuxoki, kwaye azenzekalise umonakalo ongaqhelekanga. Ukuqonda kwabo kukhukula umgama olungileyo phakathi “us nothiway"."

Iintsomi EzingooFilosophi Zeentshaba

IiVillain azingoophengululi nje kuphela; zizinto ezichukumis ’ iingcinga zentanda - bulumko.

Inkululeko Yokuzikhethela, Imilinganiselo Yokuzikhethela Nembopheleleko Yokuziphatha

Ingaba ngokwenene kunokuthiwa umenzi wobubi ubekwe ityala ukuba ubuntu babo bubunjwe kukuxhatshazwa, imichiza yabo yobuchopho ibenza baqhelane nogonyamelo oluqhelekileyo, kunye nogonyamelo lwabo lwenkcubeko? Ingxoxo phakathi kwe-deminmistism nenkululeko yokuzikhethela ayiyonto engokwemfundo; litye lento enzima yokugweba indlela esima ngayo. Ukuba zonke izinto ezikhethwayo zibangelwa ziziphumo ezingenakuphepheka zezizathu ezingaphambili, ngoko ke umenzi wobubi ungoyena mmeli wento elungileyo kwaye iyingozi yendalo. Kodwa iinkqubo zethu ezisemthethweni kunye nezothu ezithetha ngemiqondo yethu yemvelo azinandida zichasa, zigxininisa iintsoko ethile ephambili. Ikhomba ebangela ukuba i-Puntibi igxekwe kakuhle kwaye ingonwabi.

Ukungavisisani KweVillamy Nomenzi - bubi Oqhelekileyo

Ingcamango ka-Arendt iphikisa umbono wothando lotshaba oluzukileyo, nolobusathana. Kubomi benene . kwaye kwiingcamango ezintsonkothileyo ezithe kratya, usiba ngoobhontsi abanobuso obungachananga. Umlawuli otyikitya isaziso sokugxotha iintsapho esiza kwenza iintsapho zingabi namakhaya, umphathi wenkampani ocinezela inkcazelo ngemveliso ebulalayo, ijoni elilandela imiyalelo ngaphandle kokuthandabuza: Aba bathathi-nxaxheba aba bachaphazeli. Izenzo zobundlobo kodwa xa kungekho nto ibonakalayo. Le mbono isenza sijonge iingozi, hayi kwizinto ezingaphandle kodwa nakwizakhiwo zenkqubo ezikhoyo kunye nekhono zethu zokusebenza ngaphandle kwemisebenzi.

Idanti yeHero-Villain ezimeleyo engaphakathi

Iintshaba zichazwa ngabaphikisi bazo, kwaye ezona zinamandla zobugqwirha ngabo babonakalisa oko igorha linokuba kuko. Olu lwalamano lweziqhawe luphakamisa umbuzo: ingaba igorha liyamfuna umkhohlisi ukuba abekho? Kwezinye iindawo, i-hagnoniste ingundoqo wokuvuka kwegorha. Ngaphandle kwe Joker, iBatman ingaba ngumcebi ofumileyo oneempawu zobugcisa zobugcisa; yingxuba yenemesis enyanzela ukuba iphinde ilungise imida yemithetho yakhe yokuziphatha. Kwiqondo elinzulu, umenzi ombi udla ngokubonakalisa isithunzi soluntu . Ngokufuthel'impaka nento eboniswa ngaphandle kwento ethandwayo. Ngokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabantu “iiillas, yingxaki ebangela ukuba bancebans , imfuno efihlakeleyo neyalelweyo.

Imifanekiso yeVillainy: Uphando lwetyala lesithathu

Xa siqwalasela ingcamango engomfanekiso - ngqondweni, sifumanisa indlela imisonto yengqondo neyentanda - bulumko edibanisa ngayo abantu abasenza sixhalabele emva kwexesha elide iphelile le ngxelo.

Ibhanile: I-arhente yaseChaos

Zimbalwa iziphakamiso eziye zaqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo njenge Joker. Usisithandi sobulumko esisebenzisa ugonyamelo ukubonisa ukuba ulungelelwano lububuxoki obubuthathaka. Ngokwengqondo, ukuziphatha kwakhe kuhambisana neempawu ezigqithisileyo zokungalawuleki kunye nemeko enokwenzeka, nangona ukungazinzi kwakhe kusoloko kuphikisana. Akafuni ubutyebi okanye amandla ngayiphi na indlela yesithethe; usukelo lwakhe kukubhenca ubuxoki bemithetho yokuziphatha. Ngokushwashwaka, uthetha into echasene nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yomntu. [2] UDawula ufuna ukungqina ukuba nabani na, onikwe inyathelo elilungileyo, uza kushiya umgaqo wendlela yakhe yokuzilawula. Umgca wakhe ongalunganga, “uthatha usuku olunye,” yingcamango emnyama nge-flasetyheag. Usuke uyakwazi ukugxuba i-ance. [1]

Intaba - mlilo: Ukoyika Ukufa Nokusukela Ubunyulu

Ukuguqulwa kukaTom Riddle abe yiLord Voldemort kufundwa ngendlela ukungabikho komntu wonke, ukuxinezeleka kobunarcissis, noloyiko lokufa lungabangela ukuba kube yinto elungileyo. I Horcruxes ayiyoyoyomilingo nje; zizinto ezipheleleyo zengqondo ezingenakulwamkela ngayo umlinganiselo omnye womntu wendalo yonke. Ukuxinezeleka kuka Voldemort ngegazi lizibuko lehlabathi lokwenene elithembisa ukudlula ngokugqitha kweminye i-"Filosophy, umela oko kwenzeka xa amandla esuselwa nakuphi nako okunentsingiselo kuthando okanye uluntu. Ukungakwazi kwakhe ukuqonda umlingo okhusela u-Hurry umxholo wobomi obuphakathi obuthiweyo: UGenesmer uthembisa ukubulawa ngokufa.

Ibhinqa ElinguMacbeth: Ilukumbe Nesazela Esingahambi Mbi

Ibhinqa elinguShakespeare uMacbeth alingomntu nje oqhelekileyo kodwa libhinqa elineengcwangu elirhanelayo elibiza imimoya ukuba “ixoke”, ukuze lisuse imfesane eliyikholelwayo phakathi kwalo nesithsaba. Emva kokubulawa kukaKumkani Duncan, linyanzelisa ukuba “amanzi amancinane asisuse kwesi sicelo,” kuphela ukuhla uhlambe-phuka nempambano. Ngengqondo, ibonakalisa imiphumo etshabalalisayo yokucinezelelwa yityala: ingqondo evukelayo xa isazela sityhafile. Ngokucacileyo, uphawu lwakhe lukukucamngcamlanisa okusezini kwento yokwenene. Umntu unokubulela ukutyeba kwezenzo zobubi ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ityhefe.

Ukuhlangulwa Nokuchanabeka Kokuchacha

Asizizo zonke izibali eziphelayo ngokutshatyalaliswa komenzi wobubi. Ezinye iingxelo zihlola ukuba umchasi unokujika kusini na ekwenzeni okubi noko kufunekayo. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo enzulu ngokuxolela, ukuphendula, nokuhlala kusemgangathweni. Kwinzululwazi yengqondo, ingcamango yokukhula kwe-pastenti icebisa ukuba kwanemilinganiselo eyingozi kakhulu ingasuswa ngokuqonda, ukuthatha inyathelo, nokulungisa ityala. Imeko yokugqibela ye-Dar Vath , iyazibeka ekusindiseni unyana wakhe, kodwa i-egronaye enamandla kodwa ibonise ukuguquka okunamandla kotshintsho olunjalo. Kwi-engile yentandabulumko, uvavanyo lwemiqathango yokulungisa intle yezobulungisa. Ingxhwephelo eninzi isoloko isenza ingxwelerhe, okanye ingxwelephe yengozi? I-Darth syth syndropt properced producess, ingathi inika intersoto yobomi obudededede , engaphosongenwanga, elungileyo, esoloko iphumayo, iphumayo

Isiphelo

Ingqondo yezobugqwirha ithelekisa izinto ezikhoyo, ubuntu, nokugqwethwa kwengqondo; yile ndlela esihlola ngayo inkcaso enzulu yokuba ngumntu. Intanda-bulumko isibonisa ukuba ububi bunokuba kukungazi, ukuswela, ukukhetha, okanye ukungaqondi. Ingqondo idibanisa ezi ngcamango zokoqobo ezikhoyo, ubuntu, nokugqwethwa kwengqondo. Yaye amabali esiwayo aguqula ezi ngqiqo zibe ngabantu abacel ’ umngeni, abagrogrisi, abagxabha, yaye ngamanye amaxesha bafumane intloni yolwano lwethu. Umgca phakathi kweqhawe nomkhohlisi notshaba awulungiswa; uluthi olusuka kwiimeko, ukhuthu, usuke ucingele, ukhetho, kunye namabali esiwakholelwayo ngesiqu sethu. Ngokufunda ngomntu ozigxekayo kunye nonovelwano, asiyichaziyo, kodwa asiyiyolisi inyaniso elungileyo ngobomi bonke.