Umngqungqo ontsonkothileyo phakathi kwebali lemifanekiso yaseMpuma neyaseNtshona utshintshe indlela esibona ngayo ingxelo yemifanekiso ebonisweyo namhlanje. Zimbalwa iintelekelelo zobugcisa ezinamandla nezinentsingiselo njengempembelelo yamahlaya aseNtshona ekwindlela yobugcisa bezi mini. Lo mda wokunqamleza awudibanisanga nje ubuchule obumbalwa; ngokubhekiselele kwindlela izenzo, iimvakalelo, kunye noyilo lophawu lweempawu eziguqulelwe ngayo kwiphepha. Manga, yakha yavela kwimveliso eyahlukileyo yesithethe samaJapan, ngoku ineempawu ezicacileyo zeenkozo zemagcume eMelika, i-European [[FLT]] idessée, kunye ne-oyile efihlakeleyo, idala i-Statuxluex eyahlukeneyo kwaye yatshintsha kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

IDNA Yamandulo Yobugcisa Becomic YaseNtshona

Phambi kokuhlalutya ukungqukuva, kubalulekile ukuqonda ulwimi olubonakalayo lwamahlaya aseNtshona anokuthi kamva afake intloko yamaJapan. Imibala yamahlaya neencwadi zamahlaya zaseMelika, ukusuka kwiGolden Age yee- 1930 ukuya phambili, yaseka umgaqo wentetho wesibindi, onamandla ukuya kutsho kwi-min, umsebenzi owenziwe ngokuphawulekayo, i-shortenting, kunye nengcaciso ecacileyo yamandla e-kinetic. Abazobi abafana noJack Kirby, u-Eisner, kunye noHalFoster waphuhlisa indlela enkulu yokuyila, kunye nobuchule bokuzoba nobuchule bokuzoba nobeko kunye nokuphonononga.

Impembelelo yoopopayi yayibaluleke ngokufanayo. UWalt Disney [FLT: 0] u-White kunye ne-Seven Dwarfs (1937) kunye ne-Fleischer Studios' Superman [ umboniso omnyama woonobumba [1941] obonisa iimpawu ezinkulu, imbonakalo yolwelo, ulwelo, nomgangatho wemidlalo ophambili oye wabangela ukuba luncedo ngokweemvakalelo. Oku kunyuswa, kunye neentlobo ezingqukuva nezicacileyo, kamva kuyakuba limbombo le-sjouga kunye nentsimbi, uphawu lwempucuko empompoza emva kwentshona. Isithethe se-Western stuachtototoice, kunye ne-acconetic synomes, kunye ne-edia, i-eting transchemic, ithe trans, i-etingss, eMelika, ephuma ephuma ephuma ephumayotshitshi.

Ukuzalwa KweManga Yanamhlanje Phantsi Kwezikhundla ZaseNtshona

Xa u-Osamu Tezuka, ojongwa ngokubanzi “njengoThixo weManga,” waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe ekupheleni koo1940, wakwenza oko phantsi kwempembelelo ecacileyo ye-Western media. Tezuka, i-antvery yolinganiso lweDisney kunye noFleischer upotown, wathatha intengiso yawo echaza ubuchule bobuchule bobuntu. Umsebenzi wakhe wentsimbi [[FLT: 0] Astro Boy [i-Atsuwan Atom, 1952) ubonakalisa iprotanon engaphezulu, i-gniced jogn, igniza amehlo , igxaza i-bay.

I-teuka ayizange ime ngembonakalo yobuso. Waqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwe- “mella ” eyahlukeneyo phakathi kwephepha elinye, ukulingisa iifilimi. Waxinzelela kwaye wanelisa ixesha kwimibhobho ende, ubuchule obufunyenwe kwiWill Eisner’s Spirit [[FLT] [1] [1940]. Ukusungulwa kwemigca eshukumayo, ukubila, nokugqithisa kwemibhobho, nokugqithisa kweempawu zemvakalelo eziziileyo kuyakwazi ukufunyanwa kwi Tezuka ka ka kuhlolwa koopopayi beNtshona “iiiiiii. Ngokutsho kwendlela ye-'FLTY:] [[FLTY:] [1940] [iii-Tezzu], i-FTYPTY], i-Stoakgnown, kwaye imiqondiso egqithiseleleyo ehamba kakhulu kwi-Speyikeyike, i-Dakrames, i-ediactal engqi yembali engqini engqiweyo, eyayahlukileyo yembali yom,

Iqela leGekiga neNtlanganiso yaseMerika

Ngeli xesha iTezuka yayidume ngokubanzi “imo yempuku yemanga” yabantwana, i-Geki ebizwa ngokuba gega (imifanekiso ecacileyo) yavela ekupheleni koo1950 kunye noo1960, ikhokelwa ngabazobi abafana noYoshiro Tatsumi noTakao Saito. Abazobi benqanawa bakhaba ingxube, iDisney assetic ekhetha umkhanya, isandi esingqindilili esibonisa ngokuthe ngqo ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqinileyo kunye nefilimu enesandi saseMelika. UTatsumi, ngokukodwa, wayephenjelelwa kakhulu ziimeko zasezixesheni zasedologini kunye noxinezelo lwengqondo efumaneka kwimisebenzi ye-Melika efana nooptomis Bernard Kristens ne-CC.

Utyikityo lwe-gekiga , oludla ngokuba lungenaluvelwano, amathunzi amnyama, kunye nezitrato ezizele ngummangaliso wezoqoqosho emva kwemfazwe, kwaye yayikungeniswa okucacileyo kweNtshona Koloni strellings. ISaito’s Golgo 13 [1968]) ibonakalisa umxhasi othe wavela, umhlathi othe thanga, nomkhuhlane, imilinganiselo ecacileyo yemeko ephakanyisiweyo, ive isuka kumaphepha eStenko-pencla okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamagilasi oluza kubakho ngenye iminyaka elishumi. Le ngcamango yokwenyani, kamva ifakwe emva kweminyele, yabangela i-magenga engapheli eqinileyo, i-akhazinziwayo, ithe ncam engqindileyo, ithe ncam esetyenziswa yintetho yomntu omdala eyaziwa kakhulu eMelika.

ISuperhero Anatomy kunye noBoko beShonen

Ngoo1980 kunye no1990 kwabonwa ukuguquka okugqithisileyo kwendlela zobugcisa ze-manga, ingakumbi kwinani labemi. Amaqhawe angaphambili afana neKenshiro kwi uFilipu weNyaka yeNyaka (1933]) sele ebonise ukutshintsha kwendlela yokusebenza kwemaski ephezulu, kodwa impembelelo ecacileyo yemihokisho ephezulu yeNtshona, engenisiweyo efudukayo yaziwa ngokutsha ngokugqitha kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo kunye nokukhula kwe-fekthssmes-mess syndromes, i-Akira Toriyama ([[[FLT]]) ekwamscwenyuke, kunye ne-nearthromes transs trans, kunye ne-spointsss transces, kunye no-spointssss, translate, kunye no-mallss, transculkd trans, i-s.

Ngokucacileyo, indlela yokulwa nokudubula yaqalisa ukubonakalisa ubuchule obusetyenziswa kwiincwadi ze-DC. I- “Kirby Krackle,” ipateni eyahlukileyo yamandla esithuba esingalunganga asetyenziswa ukumela amandla ommandla wendalo, ifumene indlela yokubonisa ukudubula nokuqhushumbisa. Umonakalo wedabi ledabi lemfazwe ````irton' inguwe impahla, elawulwa yiflips', kunye nombindi we-iairflucks-flocks/browrows kakhulu ukusuka kwi-oktoography kaJohn Busma's, esasazwe kakhulu [[FLT:]] i-AFLT] kunye nooctives syntalls sy. [up] ubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokwenza ubuchule obusuka kuMelikan: [Flgames]

Ubeko lweqela lenjongo ethile kunye nonxibelelwano olugqithisileyo

Enye yeempembelelo ezichuliweyo nezinamandla kakhulu ezihlala kwindawo yolawulo. Imanga eqinileyo ekwindawo yolawulo, ifunda imibala yasekunene- ekhohlo, esetyenziswa ngokwesithethe, iindawo ezinde ezakhokelwe iliso phantsi kwisingqi esithe ngqo. Ukutyhilwa kobukho beNtshona Koloni. Ingakumbi ukuvavanywa kobume beWill Eisner kunye nobubanzi obubonisa imizobo yaseYurophu njengo Jean Giraud (Mobius). “‘ Ukukhuthaza abadali bemanga ukuze baphule igridi. Katsuhitomo’s [[FLT:] Akira[FLT:] [198] [198] ngudidi oluphambili olukhoyo: ukujikeleza kwayo, ukunweba nokucola kwesixeko nokucola kwe-Moiusspells. [2]

Umsebenzi ka-Otomo, owaba yindawo yokusebenzisa abantu abaninzi baseNtshona kubafundi bephepha kwi-manga, esebenza njengendlela ezimbini. Ukucaca kweYurophu kwadibana namandla e-kinetic yaseJapan, okuphumela ekuboneni apho usasazo olunye lunokuqulathe khona uninzi lweendawo ezichaphazelekayo ezinxibayo, ezichanekileyo ezidibanisa isantya esikhulu, ezingenamda wesigqumo. Oku kungqubana kwephepha eliqinileyo, ubuchule obusoloko bunconywa kukuhamba kwecomix emazantsi eMelikayo kwe-1960 (Robert Crumb, S. Lay Wilson), kwavumela uManga ukuba axelise ngokubonakalayo ukudumba kwesantya namandla entethetho yendlela esithethe emfazweni. Ulwalamano lwe-Symbian lwalunamandla kangangokuba uDixobo lwama lwama i-Opoctos, kunye nompapashi we-Frentshis, u-As Assoedad processs, umphendum weNdoup, umphenduku

Ifashoni yaseNtshona, Imizobo Neempawu

Ngapha koko, amahlaya aseNtshona afake i-manga yale mihla nequla elinzulu lohlobo lwe-stylic etype kunye nemfono. Iflambory, isiphatho esigqunywe zizihlunu kunye ne-astamp ephezulu intengiso ye Joo''s BizarreAduture[[FLT] [1] (1987-An-9)) ngu-Hirohiko Araki) uluphawu oluthe ngqo lwemfashoni ye-Italian, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo we-crac, kunye nencalaye yeminyaka yoowe-198080s-Americanhero ephezulu yobugcisa. Iimpawu zika-Araki ziveza umvano olubangela ukuba imbonakalo yemfashoni yemfashoni yemfashoni, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-omfonto eninzi kwimijini yobugcisa ye-octive (ians-An-An-ssue) ku-Arcto-An.[2] kwimbali yomspouptic.

“ Intombi yomlingo” ngeli thuba, ithwala iphawulo olwahlukileyo kodwa olubalulekileyo lwaseNtshona. Ngelixesha kucingelwa ukuba ngamaJaphani, ukulandelelana kotshintsho kunye nezinxibo zomtyambo kungcelele olufana [[FLT: 0]] Sailor Moon [1991]) isuka kwimetaints yaseNtshona, iRomantsomi, kunye nobuhle benkwenkwezi zangaphambili ze Hollywood Hookie. Kodwa, imbonakalo entle yepeni, izenzekekayo, kunye nokugxininisa kwimikrobe equkuqelayo isandi yemikrobe ephuma kwimikrozo efana nezikhephe ezifana ne-Americ. UCraclufs uyakwazi ukudibana nohlobo olusuka kuhlobo lwe-Melika egrognee.

Ukutshintsha Kwamanani Nokufuduswa Kwezinto Ehlabathini Lonke

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukutshintshisana ngemiboniso kukhawulezise. Iizixhobo zobugcisa zamanani zathatha indawo ye-alog inks, kunye neqonga elifana neClip Studio Paint (ephuhlisiwe eJapan kodwa isetyenziswe emhlabeni wonke) zaqalisa ukunikezela ngebrashi efana nebhurashi yaseMelika echaphazelekayo, iG-pennibs, kwaye kwanesixhobo somchamo somthi webhulatho esinomphantsi wesiphekepheke. Isiphumo sisizukulwana sabazobini abathi “Western” bachaphane nowe "Mpuma” baqhubekeke kakhulu. Thatha, umzekelo, imisebenzi yemizo zomzobi weyuku-Mureta, ngokukodwa kwiliso le-popppings ethandwayo. [FLD] Isibini [FUT] [2]

Ngokubhekele phaya, isakhiwo semiboniso yamahlaya yale mihla kunye nemisongo yamanani, ngelixesha ekuqaleni e Korea, ithathiwe ngabazobi abahombisi abahonjisiweyo nabaqulunqi abanamachule abanobuchule obufanayo. Indlela yomqulu othe nkqo iqhubela phambili kubume obukwikhusi olubanzi, uqukuqela lwefilimu olufana nezixhobo ze Hollywoodbbster. Igunya le-FLT:1 . Imposiso epheleleyo ye-mfono-mfono-mfono iqinile kangangokuba ngoku u-gqwnize ishicilela rhoqo irhafunaye-i, kunye nomda wama-mastile inika intebe yotyikityaniso lwe-Melika nganye, ivelkk- scess syn sifaka utyikityo olufanayo oluthe qha.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kule Mihla

Comment=Iinjini ye KWordName

Kōhei Horikishi’s Mna HEro Academia [201] mhlawumbi yeyona nkonzo yale mihla egqithisileyo kwiNtshona sherohero aesthetic. Icebo eliyintlondi (Zonke iintambo zepesenti, uncumo lwekhathazi kunye ne-imarthmetic metal intamor .) imvelaphi ecacileyo ka Jack Kirby’s Captapt America kunye noSuperman. Horoshi ucame ekuhleni iziqhushukumi zase Merika njengesitshixo sempembelelo, kwaye intebo echaza ngamandla ubugcisa obukhenkceliweyo nguJohn Sitar. Ukusebenzisa okuninzi kwemvelaphi enzulu yemvelaphi nemvelaphi yeqela kudala imbonakalo efana ne-Supermiggn. [2] [FTropt]

[[UMTHL: 0] I-Man kunye neGaze

UTatsuki Fujimoto's u-Man [FFLT:1] u-X8--aunt) umela igrungier, udibaniso lwasemva kwexesha. Ubuchule be-Fujimoto bungashukumi ngenjongo, kodwa iincubeko zayo ziphenjelelwa kakhulu nguMelika B-moviepoapoints, i-glassehouse, ne vyceralplar sprates brow brow esezantsi efana noMbhobhoshophu we-olton. Indlela abasebenzi abagqwetha ngayo bagqwetha, baqhumisa, baqhumisa, kwaye bafaka umva kwento eninzi kakhulu kuMbindi weMad Don njengoko yenzayo isithethe. [uniFogne, u-officed, u-om, u-ephelor-om]

Isifo Sokukhula Kwenyama Esiqhubekayo Nendlela Esiza Kulandelwa Ngayo Kwixesha Elizayo

Impembelelo yamahlaya aseNtshona kwiindlela zobugcisa zale mihla i-manga asiyo siganeko esithe ngqo kodwa yiyo ephilayo, ejikelezayo incoko. Njengoko izixhobo zangoku zinika abazobi abakwaziyo ukuxelisa naluphi na udidi lwelizwe jikelele, umahluko phakathi kwephepha elidadileyo neseinen manga iphindene iqhubekeka ngokushwankathela. Abavakalisi baseNtshona njenge comicsting ngoku bahlakulela “mankaka”, ikhuthaza ukusondela okufutshane kwexesha kunye nencwadi ye-ast ekhankanka ngokubona ekhankanya ububanzi beqela leqela lelizwe. Okwangoku, abazobini abasebenza kwiqonga lokulinganisa i-Shueisha yamanani [[FLT:] [FLT]] umbala wabo ngoku bahlakulela amaphepha abo kwingqokelela yemibala efana nemibala efana ne-omatila aphezulu e-DC, ukushicilela isandi esimnyama esimnyama esimnyama esimnyama esimhlophe.

Oku kudityaniswa ekugqibeleni kuyayiqinisa indlela yokuthetha. Umfundi angafumana incwadi yengcali uShintaro Kago aze abone isandi se pop Williams solurlic; basenokujonga kwimanga [[FLT: 0] Jujutsu Kaisen[[FLT]] kwaye aqonde isidubedubedube esibangela uJack Kirby afakwe kwi iOw Gods New Dis . Ukuboleka kobuchule obukhoyo bomgca wesigcawu, isandi, intezazombili, isandi, kunye nobuchule obumangalisayo, . Ingxelo yehlabathi liyakwazi ukushicilela ulwimi oluninzi oluthethwayo nolwimi lwezizwe. Njengoko umculi ujikeleziso lwelizwe eliqhelekileyo, isangqa se-oglowdiactive ifunda i-oisscritike, i-okignomet trans iding intelligs.