Upopayi yinqanawa yokuguqula ubomi bubenokusuka kubugqi. Ngaphaya kwenkulungwane yokulinga, umkhosi omncinci wamagcisa kunye noononjineli uphande imida yokuhamba, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuthembeka komzimba. Phakathi kwezona zixhobo zitshintshayo kule mbali zingabalawuli abaguqulela ingqalelo yabo ngaphakathi. Aba badwebi, bakhunjulwa kunye njenge “Boon", babamba umgaqo ngoku obonakala ucacile kodwa wakha wangumjikelezo: umgama obalulekileyo osuka kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ngokufunda ulwenzelo, ubunjiniyela be-ambrings, kwaye ekugqibeleni bafaka applications, banika i-symiators ezichaza kwakhona indlela yokubhala izinto ezinokuzenza noluvo lwangaphakathi.

Igama elithi “amaqhina” kule meko lisithelekiso esifana nesoqobo. Kumiso-mome, yachaza ii-axide zentsimbi ezisebenza ngomzuzu olungelelanisiweyo. Kwimifanekiso etsalwa ngesandla, lalithetha ukuvukelwa kwezixhobo ezincinci zerhabha. Amatyala abo angaphambili abalwayo kwi-anggnomes, ubunzima, kunye nesakhiwo esiqinileyo. Kwimizobo yekhompyutha, yaba yi-digridial ye-metam-injini ye-injini ye-injini eguqula i-mesh. Kwixesha ngalinye, oovulindlela babenengxaki yokwakha yangaphakathi. Alitshixwanga kwiimeko zomyuziyamfama; ihamba ngohlobo ngalunye lokulinganisa umatshini, nohlobo lokulinganisa imidlalo yemiboniso, kwana nakwii-ochithrobithi.

Ukufak ’ Ityala Kwemvukelo YezeNtlanganiso

Kude phambi kokuba ii-aimator zibethe isitshixo esinye sesitshixo, ingxaki yokwenza i-pixel yokushukuma kophawu lwe-credid ayinampendulo elula. Iimvavanyo zakudala zefilimu ziphathe oomatshini abanodoli kunye nemizobo engqukuva ukuze iphinde ibekwe kwakhona. Iziphumo zazinomtsalane kodwa zazingenabunzima. Ii-apones zaziqonda ukuba ukushukuma kusuka kumgangatho wethambo lomqolo. Umjikelo awushukunyiswa nje; yimikhono ejikelezayo, umnqongo ovala ithambo, i-scanting. Ngokufaka lento ecacileyo kwindalo yazo, ezi ziinnovator ziguqula ubuchule obusuka kwisakhiwo sokwakha.

Olu tshintsho alusiso isiganeko esisodwa. Lwatyhileka kwizithuba zoshicilelo, kwiitafile zokuchwetheza kwizakhiwo ezinkulu zobugcisa, kwaye kamva kwilebhu zekhomputha yaseyunivesithi. I-oyile-atremasmear machinigin, imizobo eqeqeshiweyo, kunye nenzululwazi yekhompyutha eqeshiweyo zonke zanikela. Oko kwazidibanisayo yayikukungavumi ukuphatha iimpawu njengezikhonkwane ezingeyo. Zakha ukusuka ngaphakathi, kwaye ngokwenza njalo, zabeka isiseko sobugcisa obulandelayo.

Ithambo Lenyama Lenqanawa Enqanda Ukukhula Kwayo: Izalulwe

Kummandla wolinganiso lwesithathu, amathambo ayesoloko eyisakhelo sesinyithi sokoqobo. uWillis O’Brien, iziphumo zentelekelelo zelizwe elilahlekileyo [[FLT] [1925] kunye nolokuqala [[FLT:] uKing Kong[[[FLT]] [[FLT] [[33]] [1933], wasungula ukusetyenziswa kwebhola edityanisiweyo (i-i-"beand]. Ezi zazingamilangaqhelekileyo. [iii-Frien's.'s's's's zingumasipala, zaziyimiculo yentsimbi kunye nebrasi, kunye nezidibethi ezinokuthi zibambe ukumisa ukunqanda.

O’Brien’s protégé Ray Harryhausen waphakamisa ukukhula kobugcisa obuhle. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokushukuma iifilimu ezifana [[FLT:]] iPropeg yesixhenxe yeSinbhad[[FLT:] kunye [[FLT] ne [FLT] [[FOLT]] [4] Jason ne Argonauts, uHarhayhazeko lokuthiza oko wakubiza ngokuba yiDynam:/a inkqubo exhomekeke ekujikelezweni okuchanileyo komzimba. Isidalwa ngasinye sakhiwa kufutshane nomqolo ophakathi, namagcuthu, kunye nentamo esoloko i-ssss edia. kodwa i-Harmigner, isiphumo esithenwa yi-oknfeat.[4]

Isithethe saqhubeka nge Filpitt, enenkqubo yeGofooMotion ye I-Impire Igqumanisa i-oyile i-odoli ngokuchanekileyo ukudibanisa i-active i-actives ukunikezela ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kwavumela onomatshini abasebenza ngokujikelezayo ukuba bahambe kancinane ngexesha lokuvala okuvulekileyo, beveza ukushukuma kwesithethe. Kwakhona, isiqalo sasibotshelelwe emathanjeni; u-arkiswe kwakufuneka ukuba avume igalelo lomatshini lomatshini xa kusenziwa iintshukumo ezifihlakeleyo ezihambisa ukuphefumla, ukutshintsha kobunzima, nokuthuthumela kwezihlunu eziphila.

Izixhobo Ezinomtsalane: Ukusuka Kwirabha Ukuya Kwisithoba Sokwenyama

Kwangaxeshanye, kwakuvela imvukelo efanayo kwihlabathi loopopayi be-2D. Ngeminyaka yee-1920, abasebenzi baqala ukufunda nge- “ruberpay” amathambo , kwaye bagobeka, kungekho cebiso lamathambo okanye ilungu. Le ndlela yayilulwelo kodwa yayingenabunzima kunye nesakhiwo. EDicaney kunye nezinye izakhiwo zobugcisa, isizukulwana esitsha sabazobi abaqala ukufunda ngezilwanyana kunye nobuntu bomzimba bomntu ngobukhulu bemizimba yezamayeza. Bahlalutya indlela ithambo lomqolo elijika ngayo, indlela ibhande, nendlela igxalo legxa elihamba ngayo, nendlela elidibana ngayo umlenze elithintela ngayo intshukumo. Injongo yabo yayingeyoyokwenene ngenxa yayo, kodwa yayinamandla ngakumbi eyavela kubuntu obusemgangathweni.

Izalathisi ezifana i-Bill Tytla kunye ne-'VT]Vladimir Tytla zifanekisela le ndlela. Ukusebenza kwiempawu ezifana nokumkanikazi ombi [[FLT:] [FLT]] mhlophe [[FLT:] kunye nedemon Chernabog [i-i-'i-'i-'demon'] i-Fantasias[, idala izinto ezikhupha uxinzeko lwangaphakathi. Zonke izenzo zabonakala zisuka kumathambo. Isiphumo sohlobo lokusebenza olunolwayo olusuka kwimizimba yabo. Ukutshintsha ithumbumbuku kudi ediyo, apho kusetyenziswa khona ii- prophedia echazayothenjiweyo.

Amathambo Amanani: Imvelaphi Eqhubekayo

Utshintsho lwekhompyutha lweminyaka yee1970 kunye nee1980 lwanika amathambo asetyenziswa njengendlela entsha ngokupheleleyo. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yase Utah nakwiZiko lobuxhakaxhaka babamba ingxaki elukhuni: indlela yokwenza imodeli ecacileyo ngaphandle kokuphinda iphinde ihambe nganye. Isisombululo yayiyiyo amathambo amanani. Ngokudala imigangatho yamalungu kunye namathambo ngaphakathi kwemodeli, kwaye babophela umngxuma kumqolo, ujikelezo olunye lwethambo lunganceda kusebenze lungu ngalinye. Oku kwakuyiinguqulelo yomatshini ye-averking.

Phakathi kwabaxhasi bokuqala kwakukho [[FLT: 0] iCatmull kunye [[FTL:2] Fred Parke. i-Catmull, kamva i-coplay efumene iPixar, evavanywe ngemodeli yezandla kunye nobuso. iParee yadala enye yemikhono yokuqala yobuso obume obushukumayo, eqhutywa yisakhiwo sangaphakathi sethambo. Umsebenzi wabo, uchazwe ku iSTIGRAPH izibonelelo zembali zobubhali bembali, yaseka isiseko sobugcisa somsebenzi wobugcisa womsebenzi wonke wobugcisa wangoku. Namhlanje, uphawu olukwindawo yokushukuma kwefilimu ayishukumanga; iyaqokelelwa yi-geometmet-getmet. Ingxelo yabo ibhalwe kunyaka-magetting.

I-Software efana ne-Autodesk Maya yenza ezi ngcamango zifikeleleke kushishino olubanzi. Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa imaya zivumela abazobi ukuba bakhe amathambo omqolo, basebenzise ii-icenatics ezigqwethekileyo, kunye nobunzima besikhumba. Idrake nganye ku iGrange yaseThrones , zonke ii-iiisixhobo esiphezulu esikwifilimi ye-SHLT, kwaye zonke iindwendwe kwi-sci_fierophin zikho kulo mbhobho. Kodwa umbhobho ukhona ngenxa yoovulindlela abaqala ukucinga ukuba awukho njengomphandleko, kodwa njengohlobo lwe-sclaf.

Iindlela Ezingundoqo Ezaguqula Ubugcisa

Oovulindlela bamathambo abazange bakhe amathambo abhetele kuphela; bavelisa iindlela zokudibanisa ezitshintsha indlela oopopayi abasetyenziswa ngayo. Ezi zinto zisengundoqo.

Intshukumo Yamathambo Enziwe Ngengozi

Tshalln highrand stretch stretch properted yophawu. Oovulindlela badibanisa umlinganiselo omtsha: ukutshintshana nokuma kwamalungu angaphantsi ukuthengisa ubunzima kunye namandla. Kwi-stomtion, oku kuthetha ukudityaniswa kwelungu eliqinileyo kusenokukhutshwa ngaphaya kwe-engile ecacileyo, ukanti ukushukuma kufundeka kuyinyaniso ngenxa yokuba incam yomzimba . `Incam yentsimbi, ingalo yesikhonkwane , qhaqhaqhaqhazeliso. [2D] Ikhokelele apho ithambo lomqolo liphela likhombe kwikhama, namagxa nentloko kulandelwa i-engile ecacileyo, eqinileyo. Le ndlela yenza kwanezenzo zobuchule bokuzoba opopayi zikhombisa umzimba.

Intanda-bulumko yoopopayi eBanzi

Ulinganiso lwangaphakathi, lolwakhiwo lobuchule lugxininisa ukuba yonke indlela yokwenziwa kophawu iqale ngesakhelo sangaphakathi esinokufundwa. Nokuba kuzoba i-biad esuliweyo okanye efuziselayo, igcisa kuqala ichaza imbambo, umnqongo, irhorho, kunye namalungu omzimba. Ukushukuma kuthintelwa ngokuphindwa kwalo maleko womqolo, kwaye umphezulu ulandela. Indlela ivumela indlela yokuhamba ngokuphindaphindwayo kunye nokungaguquguqukiyo nokunqamleza kwemipu. Izidalwa zika-Harrylissausen azizange zibekwe eludongeni; amathambo azo anyanzelela umgama ophindaphindwayo wokuhamba okunokuthi i-phindaphindwayo. Umgaqo ofanayo okhokelayo ulandelayo ulandela. Umgaqo onjalo uyakwazi ukunikezela ngentambo, apho i-plish-enziwayo "oply"

Ubuntlola Obumaleko

Ulinganiso lwangaphambili lwalwa nophithaniso lwezinto ezininzi ezihambayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-conerence. Ngonyaka we-2D, intloko yomntu yaveliswa ngokuhlula indlela ahamba ngayo kwiinqwelo-moya ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-stomotion, indawo entsonkothileyo isenokubandakanya isidalwa esingaphambili ngexesha laso elixhotyisiweyo, nesilwanyana esingasemva esiphilileyo, esidityaniswe kwikhamera okanye i-opicly. Ngonyaka we-2D, intloko yomntu, i-torsso, kunye namalungu omzimba anokutsalwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ngalinye linokusetyenziswa ngexesha lalo. Oku kuvumela umjikelezolo owenziwe ngentambo, intloko ezimeleyo, kwaye ingalo ejikayo, ijika-ephandle ngaphandle kokwaphula umanyano lwamalungu omzimba.

Ukuguquka Kolwazi

Amathambo entsimbi e-O’Brien aye aqhubekeka ngendlela ephawulekayo. Amathambo entsimbi ayemade kodwa ayenzima. Abakhi bomatshini abalula baka-Harryhausen, abasebenzisa ii-arhente ezidityanisiweyo kwaye bavumela ii-axis eziphinda-phindiweyo kwilungu ngalinye elikhulu. UPhil Tiplett wayityhalela phambili le ngcamango ngeGoàmotion, ngoxa kamva wayeka iimomotionstings ezifana neLaika eqhubekeka ngokutsha nge 3DÍgrands eshwadaye i ubuso obuthintswana kwintloko edityaniweyo. Kummandla wemivoni, i-arkityrogrip yaba yi-dia, eyayayinwe ngezixhobo zokulawula kunye ne-cromplitive. Kodwa ke ingcingo yesiseko samathambo enokuthi ikhuliswe, i-framed, kunye ne-sss-sss eediactive. Zonke ezikhodio zikhodi ezidi ezidisiweyo ze-o zi-Prompmplike.

Ilifa Elifudusa Zonke Izinto Eziphilayo

Impembelelo yokucinga kwamathambo esekukhulisweni yandisa kude lee ukunconywa kweefilimu ezimbalwa zodidi. Namhlanje, uphawu lweTD (uMlawuli woomatshini abaphezulu) luyenye yezona ndima zibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni. I-Rigling(ukwakhiwa kwethambo lomzimba elinolawulo lwengozi-(ii-gloritude) ingubugcisa ngokwalo. Umchasi ukhetha umlawuli wegxalaba, uyijikelezisa, kwaye ingalo yamanani igoba, isikhumba esidemfolo, kunye nobunzima obuchuliweyo bomthwalo bubonakala ngenxa yokuba umqolo wakheke ngokuchanekileyo. Lo msebenzi, ngoku umgangatho we-studiess, njenge Pix, Droms Lols, kunye ne-Cristrial &mamp; Magcity, ngumntu oweyo ngqo kwivents othengisa iivents.

Ubuchule bokuthatha intshukumo buyakhula. Xa umcuphi wezobugcisa efaka isuti yemocap, iziphawuli ezibonisa imbonakalo ebonisa amathambo omqolo `iintambo zomqolo', iingqiniba, amanqe, amadolo. Ugcino-lwazi olubanjiweyo luqhuba amathambo amanani, kwaye amathambo aqhubela imbonakalo. Ii-injini zemidlalo ezifana ne-Unity ne-Unigralial Injini zifuna i-mesh exhotyiweyo ne-okrwem, apho impembelelo yethambo ngalinye kum shish ipeyintwe kwaye ivavanyiwe. Ishishini lokuzonwabisa, ukusuka kwisithathu se-predie, ihlala kwisiseko sokuqonda amaqhuma. Amandla eenjini angenakulindelangalindelanga ukuba afumane iFortni okanye VR, kodwa babhala iplan.

Impembelelo ide ifikelele nakumayeza kunye nobunjineli. Imigaqo yoopopayi beSkeletal ngoku isetyenziselwa ukufanisa amaqela omatshini ukuze ayile, ukuceba utyando lwamathambo, nokuqeqesha amayeza omzimba. Uphando olucokisekileyo lwemiqathango yamalungu, umlinganiselo wobude bamathambo, kunye nombizane womhlaba oqale kwimiboniso yoopopayi ngoku zinceda iingcali zonyango kunye nabaphandi baqonde indlela abahamba ngayo abantu. Oku kuchaza indlela abathi abafana ngayo oovulindlela bangene nzulu kwinyaniso ebanzi ngokuhamba-hamba: ukuba uyakwazi ukwakha nokulawula amathambo, ungaxelisa ubomi.

Ukusuka Emva Kwemiboniso Ukuya Kwiziko: Ukuhlaziya Oovulindlela

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, oovulindlela bamathambo babesebenza ngokufihlakeleyo. Abazobi abasebenzisa imithambo-luvo babesoloko bebonwa njengababhenqi abangaqhelekanga kwimiphetho yoshishino lwe-2D. Abaqolokazi babo babezizixhobo zestudiodio, bengabhiyozelwanga. Izazinzulu zekhompyutha ezazigcina izixhobo zokuqala ze-atmetroniki ezipapashwa kwiincwadi zemfundo, kude lee noontanga. UHarryhausen ngokwakhe wafumana ukugqalwa ngokubanzi kamva ebomini. Abaninzi abaculi abathanga bakhankathi bemicishosho okanye ubunzima obunguvulindlela babezizoomatshini bokuzoba i-algamsm ezisaziwayo abakwaziwaphula abantu ngokubanzi.

Ngethamsanqa, amaziko asebenza ngoku ukulungisa irekhodi. Imiboniso ekwi [[FLT: 0] yeMiqukumbelo ehambayo yomfanekiso kunye ne [[FLT]] IMacademy Museum of Motion Pictures[ ibonise uvavanyo lwezinyithi oluchuliweyo, ukulinganisa koonophini, ubuchule bokulinganisa i-CGING projectives, kunye nobuchule bokubuyisela iprojective program. Ngoku iyazi ukuba umatshini ojikelezayo wamatshini wamatshini walinganiswa njani, indlela omile ngayo umqolo olungelelaniswe ngayo, nendlela umenzi wesindisi okwazi ukuvelisa ulwazi olukhethekileyo.

Ukufundisa Abakhi Bamathambo Abalandelayo

Intanda-bulumko yoovulindlela bamathambo ngoku isiseko semfundo yoopopayi. Kwi-degrees kunye nee-compstamps ze-intanethi, abafundi baqala ngokufunda ngeyokwenene yomzimba womntu. Bafunda amagama amathambo, indlela adibana ngayo, nendlela izihlunu ezidibanisa ngayo kunye nendlela ezitsala ngayo. Kuphela ngoko badala itsheyina elidityanisiweyo. Bafundiswa ukubuza: Buphi ubunzima? Liliphi ikhonkco eliqhuba intshukumo? Intsika yomnqonqo wokuxhasa ukutsiba, ukubethana okanye ukugxaba?

Izixhobo ezivulekileyo ezizizixhobo eziziindawo ezizizo ezizizo ezithe zafunyanwa ngokuzichaza ezi zinto. Inkqubo yokudityaniswa kwesixhobo sokudibanisa iinguqu, kunye nobunzima bezixhobo zokupeyintwa, ikhona ngesisa. I-Online-CNPS kwi-indemicals ezigqwethekileyo, i-mastings, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa umgangatho phakathi kwezona zijoliswe kuzo zonke iziqu ezijolise ekuhlolweni kwezixhobo zokulungisa. Abazobi be-Stem bavelisa izishwankathelo ezibhithayo njengelungu lenkqesho ebonakalayo, ngokufuthi besebenzisa i-X.NTreydrayray ates okanye ukubonisa umatshini wokuxhobisa imbonakalo yentsokotho rhoqo njengesixhobo sokuchaza. Ngoku iMithendelelo yekhusi apho umatshini apho umatshini wokuxhobisa izixhobo ezingafihliweyo kodwa ezifihliweyo zingabonakaliyo.

Kulo shishino, ulwimi lwamathambo luxhaphakile. Uxhotyiso olulungileyo luyanconywa ngokuba “namathambo acocekileyo,” lo gama kusithiwa amathambo aphukileyo angenamandla angephi.” Uhlolo olunzima zezinye zezona zibalulekileyo kwimveliso. Le ngcamango iye yaba sisifanisi sokufumana amandla asisiseko. Phambi kokuba wongezelele uboya, ilaphu, okanye ubunjani, amathambo kufuneka avakale. Le thas yanikwa ngqo ngabo vulindlela bokuqala, kwaye iyaqhubeka ibumba izigqibo zokudala zeqela ngalinye elivelisa imbonakalo yophawu.

Isiphelo: Isiseko Sentshukumo Esithule

Ukunyuka koovulindlela bamathambo kungomnye weyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwaye ingephi intsingiselo, kwaye iinguqu eziphantsi kwegama kwimbali eshukumayo. Ngokusekela umsebenzi wabo emathanjeni, bavala umsantsa phakathi kwemizobo engabonakaliyo kunye nokusebenza kwemvakalelo. Ngokuhamba okugqithisileyo kwamathambo, ulinganiso lwesakhiwo, ubunkimbini obunemingxube, kunye nokuphuculwa okungapheliyo kokukhula komzimba kunye namanani, bakha ulwimi oluthi ngoku wonke umchamo udidi lwezirhubuluzi zithethe ngokuthulelisa. Ukunquma kwe-~momotion dinosar of Horryhausen, amathambo acacileyo e-caryhausen, ukuxinzeka kwakuqala kwe-cane, ukuxinzeka kwamanani e-Catmull, kunye nemibhobholo yanamhlanje entluntluntlungelayo yonke lemiqobo yemiqobo yembali.

Ukwamkela aba vulindlela kwenza okungaphezulu kongeza amagama kwi-line. Ibeka uhlaza lwangoku kumgca wengxaki engapheliyo yabazinzileyo abaqonda ukuba ukwenza intelekelelo yobomi kuqala kufuna ukwakhiwa kwe scaffolders kunye nolinganiso lwe-neral·bulplanet, igalelo labo alibonakali kubaphulaphuli. /iphawu olungundoqo lihlala lingatshintshi: ukushukuma okunentsingiselo kuqalisa ngomlingo.