Hamba uhambe ngeeholo zayo nayiphina indibano ye-aima, uza kufumana indalo iphela echwayitileyo, izibonisi, kunye nabalandeli abasuka kuzo zonke iindlela zobomi. Kulula ukulibala ukuba iingcambu zezi zi-mega-events zibuyela kumagumbi e-hotele axineneyo kunye nendawo yendibano yendibano ye-ayimifi, apho abambalwa abathandi bezinto zokutshintshana zecolleg VHS kunye nabakhokeli ababhalwe ngesandla. Uhambo olusuka kwezo ntlanganiso ezisondeleyo ukuya ebhilidini, imibhiyozo emininzi yanamhlanje ilubali lokunikezelwa, ukuphazamiseka kobugcisa, nokunyuka kwempucuko yamaJapan eqhakuva eMelika.

Abalandeli be-amime bakuqala babengenayo imisebenzi yokuthontelana, i-simpulcus, okanye kwanemibhalo ebhaliweyo ethembekileyo. Bakha ii-mnet zabo ngeposi, iibhodi zolwazi zoshicilelo lokuqala, kunye neebhodi zefotocopied farzines. Zonke iindibano zaba sisiganeko, zonke i-laserdisc ephuma kwamanye amazwe. Ezo zidityanisiweyo, ziqala ngokuyila uluntu oluza kuphinda lube nokuzonwabisa okuphambili kwaye luguqulele iindibano ze-photomie kwimiba yenkcu. Okulandelayo kujongile nzulu kwindlela i-U.S.

Iziganeko Ezibalaseleyo Neendaleko Yemeko YaseMerika

  • Indibano yokuqala ebhalwe ngoononim, yaseUnited States, iYamaCon, yatsala nje abantu abali - 100 ababekho ngowe - 1983.
  • Iprojekti A- Kon (1990) yacwangcisa isikhokelo senkqubo ezidityanisiweyo, cossille, nezithuba zorhwebo.
  • IExpo NeOtakon zawalinganisa la mava, zitsala amashumi amawaka yaye zitsala abadlali abaphambili kwezoshishino.
  • Ulwando lwengingqi ngowe - 1990 nolweminyaka yee - 2000 lwenza kwafumaneka iintshaba ezincinane kuMbindintshona, kuMntla - ntshona, nakuMntla - ntshona wePasifiki.
  • Ukungena kwamajelo eendaba nakumajelo onxibelelwano kwayitshintsha indlela abathandi abalufumanisa ngayo ungcelele lweendaba, beqhuba inqwelo - mafutha, bebalaselisa ukhuphiswano oluphezulu kwiminyaka yowama - 2010.

Iminyaka yee - 1980: IiFanzine, iiVHS neesithuba esibolekiweyo

Kude phambi kokuba amatshatsha endibano anikezelwe iimpelaveki ezinikezelweyo, abalandeli babehlanganisene kwiziganeko jikelele ze-sci-fi kunye neziganeko zephupha njenge Worldcon kunye nereyithingi. Amaqela amancinane kodwa anamandla ahlala kunye ne VCR kwigumbi lehotele, bebonisa iitepi zemfazwe zamaJapan ezidluliselwe kwisandla-ya kwisandla. Ezi yayiziintsuku apho amagama afana [[FLT: 0] Urus [I-Yatsura, , [FLT]], Space Battrast Yamato, [[FLT:], [FLT] [5]] [iimpergs , kunye ne-omatilike, , kunye noluhlu oludityani oludityaniweyo.[5]

Indibano yokuqala enikezelweyo e-United States yayiyiYamaCon, eyaqhutyelwa eDallas ngo1934. Kumalunga nekhulu lababekho, yayisisohluke kakhulu kumashumi amawaka athontelana kwiziganeko namhlanje, kodwa yangqina ukuba kukho imfuneko yendawo ejoliswe kubuchule bamaJapan kuphela. Kulo lonke elo shumi leminyaka, iimbutho ezincinane zaqhubeka, zisoloko zisenza intelekelelo yenzululwazi. Ezi mvelaphi zithobekileyo zasungula iDNAME fardom: imfuno yokwabelana ngolwazi, inkanuko yokufuna ukwabelana nobuchule, kwaye ukuzimisela ukwakha izibonelelo ngokwazo xa iingqungquthela zemfundo zangezo zanikelanganto.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uninzi lwabo bathandi bamandulo bathenjiswa ngokunzulu kwimpucuko ye-doujinsshi — i-manga epapashwa ngokwalo kunye neencwadi zobugcisa ezivumela abadali ukuba bahlole amabali asecaleni, ngokutshintshana, kunye nentlobo zovavanyo. Abalandeli baseMerika baqalisa ukuvelisa iinguqulelo zabo, kunye noqheliselo lokuthenga, ukuthengisa, nokuthengisa imisebenzi ye-far-dreyithi yaba licwecwe leqonga lendibano kangamashumi eminyaka ezayo. Kwindawo ebanzi yeminyaka yangaphambili, i- i-Anime News encyclopedia enethwethwele yomsebenzi we-ANternetwork [ inika uvimba olungileyo wendibano yembali kunye noshishino zezoshishino zoshishino ezithe ukunyuka kwezixhobo ze-fandom.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho

Iminyaka yee1990 yayizishumi eliguqulayo. Kwicala loshishino, iinkampani ezinjenge-Darline Pictures, Viz Media, kunye neManga Ezokuzonwabisa zaqalisa uku-irnaming kunye nokusasaza i-aime ngokubanzi, zizisa izibizo ezifana ne- Akira kunye [[FLT]] ne [FLT]] iquququ kwiShell [[[FLD]]]] kwiZibonelelo ze-U.S.

Ezinye iimpukane ezimbini zavela ngexesha elinye, nganye iqolo iziphumo ezohlukeneyo. Intelekelelo ye-ANT yaqala ngo-199 kwaye yakhawuleza yazimisa njengendibano yesibini yeNtshona Koloni, idibene kakhulu, idibene kakhulu nezoshishino kwaye isoloko ikhethwa kwizaziso ezinkulu, umboniso wehlabathi, neendwendwe zase-panethi ye-Japan. Ngaphaya kwempu kwe-mpuma, i-Otakon yaqalisa ngo-19959 eBaltimore kwaye yakhula yaba sisiganeko esithe kratya esinenkqubela ebanzi yemichiza moya onzulu. Zombi iindibano zasebenzisa iziganeko eziphezulu, ukuguqula iihotele, ukujika kwemibhobho ephezulu kwimibhobho ehambayo ehambayo.

Ingingqi yolwando lwasuka. IAnime Embindini ngaphandle kweChicago, iSakura-Coon eSeattle, neAnime Boston zazisa amava eMidwest, iPasifiki, umNtlantshona neNew England. Isivumelwano ngasinye savelisa ubunawumbiso baso — ezinye zaxhonywa kwizifundo zemfundo kunye neeverheji zenkcubeko, ezinye zagxininisa ukubetha umva kobusuku kunye namagumbi okungcakaza. Ukuqhekeka kwamava athetha ukuba umntwana okwishumi elivisayo eOhio akusadingenzeki ukuya eCalifornia ukufumana isizwe sazo; zazinokuqhuba iiyure ezimbalwa kwaye zidibane namakhulu emiphefumlo efana neso.

Imvukelo Yomdlalo Nokukhula Kwezithethe

Akukho ngxoxo yeendibano ze-amime ipheleleyo ngaphandle kokuhlola i- coplacille’s disocience ukusuka kwindawo ekhoyo ukuya kulwimi olubonakalayo lwezi ziganeko. Ekuqaleni ko-1990, abasebenzi baseMelika babembalwa, ngokufuthi bephenjelelwa yimifanekiso evela kwimibutho ye-frime yaseJapan kunye neempahla zobuchule zentsomi zenzululwazi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mkhwa wadubula. Iintlobo ezisuka kungcelele lwe-filitiki ezifana [[FLT: 0] SALORY[FLD] , , [iiii] i-Draskon Balks , kunye [FLT:] [FLD] [FLD] [FF4]] .Cardardardards [FFFFFF:5]]

Iqela lemidlalo yemidlalo edlalayo lisebenza kumjikelo wokuphefumlelwa kunye nokwakhiwa kobuchule obuqhubekayo. Iindawo zolawulo ekwakhiweni kwezixhobo zegwebu, iLED wiling, kunye newig stiling zimi kwigumbi legumbi kuphela. Ukunyuka kwamaqonga ezixhobo zonxibelelwano zezentlalo-ntle njengeInstagram, iTikTok, kunye nezixhobo ezinikezelweyo zokudlala indibano ziguqulelwe kwimifanekiso yendibano kwizinto eziqulenezobukhali, i-centiviga isakhiwo sokhuthalo. Iziganeko ezinkulu ngoku zibonisa ukhuphiswano lwemali eninzi, kunye nooklundo olungongoma oluqhelekileyo olukwisijikeleziso njengesiphatho sexesha elipheleleyo lomsebenzi. Ngaphakalanga kombutho, ii-comistrio zidlala imisebenzi njengezinto zokuhlola kunye nohlobo lobugcisa bokusebenza okuzilolonga ii-ethi ze-emomethi.

Kubalulekile ngokufanayo i-elley kunye ne-doujinshi imakethe. Apho igumbi lomhwebi lilawulwa yintengiso enikwe imvume ephuma kwiinkampani ezinjenge Crunchroll ne Good Miley, umzobi i-alleys ngemifekethi encinane exineneyo, i-namel pins, ishicilela, kunye namabali antlandlolo. Esi sithuba sigcina isithethe se-DIY siphila, sivumela abadali ukuba bathengise ngqo kuthengiswe kwaye baqalise imisebenzi enzima. Eminye imisebenzi enyanzelisayo nakweyiphi na indibano ingafunyanwa kula macwecwe aqengqengqe, ummi wamanzi ozidityani ozidityaniweyo, imvelaphi ecacileyo yeminye echaza ixesha eliphambili.

Imilenze Yezoshishino: Indlela Izixhobo Ezisetyenziswa Ngamajelo Eenqwelo - moya Nezinxibo Ezincinane Ezibunjwe Ngazo Umhlaba

Njengokuba i-alumime yasebenza kakhulu ngokwentengiso e-U.S., ulwalamano phakathi kweendibano noshishino lwakhula. Iimpapasho ezifana [[FLT: 0] Animerica kwaye kamva i-Otaku USA[[[FLT:]] igqume iingxelo ezithenjiweyo, ipapashe ikholi-ziko, ipapashe umda wesixhobo sokudlala i-meenda, kwaye isebenze njengamaqabane akhuthazayo. i-Online [[FLT:]] Ane Nethwethwethwele News[ ivela ngo-19981] njengendawo yexesha lokwenene yeendaba, iingxelo, kunye nohlaluko, uzaliso lwendawo olukhoyo, ngoku unikezelo olungahoywayo [FLD [FT] [FT] [5] unxulumano lolawulo lobuvimba-mthetho-mthetho wangaphakathi, ukunceda iingxelo zobuzwe phambi kolawulo oluthe .

Iinkampani ezinika imvume zazi ukuba iindibano zisisiXhobo sazo esinamandla sokuthengisa. Ingxowa-ntle (ngoku eyinxenye yeCrunchroll) edume ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthumeleni igama-mouth iDragon Ball Z kude kudala phambi kokuba ungcelele lwezoMgqibelo lube yiSidlo saBandayo, i-ADV Filims, kunye ne-Geneon rhoqo ithumela abakhenkethi nabakhandi belizwi, kunye nethuba lokudibana nabadali — okanye ubuncinane isiNgesi umqulu ophoswe phantsi kwemiboniso yabo ethandwayo. Isithethe sorhwebo olupheleleyo, ukusuka kumanani alinganiselweyo ukuya kuBlu-ray, siguqulela zonke iziganeko zemali eziqhutywayo eziqhutywayo.

Lo shishino lwatshintsha isikali solo zindibano zazinokunikela. Iindawo zolawulo zaba ngamanqanaba eenkwenkwezi zehlabathi kunye nezalathiso zokushicilela. Iiholo zemifanekiso zaguquka zaba zizinto ezineenkcukacha ezinemifanekiso eqingqiweyo engamashumi amathathu enyawo eGundam kunye namava adibeneyo. Ishishini le-amime, elalikhe laba lixhalabisa kakhulu, ngoku lamisa zonke izoqoqosho zengingqi ngeempelaveki. Uhlolisiso lwesiganeko lweAnime Ex lwanika ingxelo engaphezu kwama-$90 ezigidi zemali kwimpembelelo yemali yesixeko esizindwendwe, ebonisa ukuba ityala laba ngabaqhubi abaqhubi abaphambili.

Uluntu, Ukuzichaza Nendibano Njengekhaya Lesibini

Phantsi komaleko worhwebo, iindibano zisebenza kakhulu ekuhlaleni. Kubantu abaninzi abezeempelaveki ezingqukuva, lixesha elinye ngonyaka abanokuba nehlombe elicacileyo ngenkanuko yabo ngaphandle komgwebo. Imidlalo yokudlala ivumela abantu ukuba babe nophawu oluvakalayo ngengqiqo yabo; iibhodi ezikwimixholo ephezulu kwi-ayini, ukumelelwa kwesiphene, nempilo yengqondo zisoloko zicwangciswe ecaleni komkhondo ongundoqo wenkqubo. Umgangatho wendibano ngokwawo uba yilebhu yezithethe zoluntu, ivavanya imida yemvume, ukuhlonelana, nokuhlonelana.

Le sithethe sokwamkelwa sasinzima. Iindibano zamandulo zazisoloko zixakeka nokugcinwa kwesango, ukukhathazwa, kunye nokuququzelelwa komxholo — ingakumbi kufuphi nehentai kunye ne 18+ iindawo ezidibeneyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ikhowudi yezifundo eziqulunqweyo zendibano eziqhutywa nge-pesenti, ikholi-is-no-edictive system, kunye neendawo zodweliso olucacileyo zodweliso lodweliso. Ezi zinyathelo zazingacombulula yonke ingxaki, kodwa zaziqinisekisa ukulindela ukuba iindibano zifanele zibe zikhuseleke kuzo zonke iindawo zogcino-lwazi. Ukwanda kwezithuba ezinikezelwa kwezithuba ezithe clorry-ipy-opt-ops zokwaphulwa ku LBTQ+ ulwanops — zibonisa ulwando oluthe kratyayo oluqhubekayo lwemeko-lulo.

Okuqulethwe yimeko engaphakathi kukwasoloko kungumba obalulekileyo kumacala oshishino. I-Academic iscribless Mononoke, uhlalutyo lwembali lwe Shōwageku Rakugo Shinjinū[[[FLT]], kwaye iinkampani zenkcubeko zelizwe laseJaphani zihleli ecaleni kwemiboniso ye-autograph. Isiphumo sisiphumo sisixhobo sobulumko nendalo esinika umvuzo onzulu wokubhaptizalisa, hayi nje ukusetyenziswa kwento engasebenzi. Oku kulungelelana kuko okwahlula indibano yokwenene kwi-eqonga, kwaye kugcina umoya wezo zakhiwo zakudala zehotele ekhoyo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka, ukuqukuqela, kunye nePost-Pandemic Pivot

Ukufika kweenkonzo ezisemthethweni ezifana neCrunchyroll, iFunimation, kunye ne-Netflix kwayiguqula ngokuphawulekayo indibano eyayisebenza kakhulu kuma-2020. Abalandeli babengafuni ukulinda iminyaka emininzi ukuze uthothotho lwezi DVD lunikwe imvume; imichako yazisa iingxelo ezintsha kwiiyure eziphakathi kwengxelo yabo yamaJapan. Ngokwengcamango, oku bekunokuyinciphisa indima yendibano njengenjini yokufumana, kodwa endaweni yoko kwayinciphisa kakhulu indibano. Ngonyaka wama-2019, i-AnimExx ikhutshwe yi-115,000 yababengi bavakali abangaqhelekanga ngempelaveki enye, kwaye i-Otakon idla ngoku i-30 000. Imbangiselwano entle; abathandi be-mfolokhwelo ababone i-[FLD:[FF1] okanye [FFOLD]

Ubugcisa batshintsha indlela ezilungelelaniswe ngayo iindibano nanamava. Iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya zathatha indawo yemimiselo eshicilelweyo. Izixhobo zoluntu zivumela uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo kunye nohlaziyo lokwenyani lobude bemigca. Iinkqubo zofolo-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono eziyinyani kwizixhobo eziphezulu ezibekwe phezulu zaba yimfuneko. Emva kwemifanekiso, imisebenzi yezehlo indululwe ukusuka kwizakhelo eziqhutywa ngamatsha - ntliziyo ukuya kwi-software yolawulo olunolwazi, ibonakalisa isikali kunye nobuntluphengulula bezi nengxaki zanamhlanje.

Kwandula ke kwafika i-COVOVID-19. Ngo-2020 kunye no-2021, phantse yonke indibano enkulu yarhoxiswa, yamiswa, okanye yasuswa kwi-intanethi. Iimeko zenyani ezifana neCrunchroll Expory Exp neziganeko ze-Anime Expo Lite ezisuka zonke zavavanywa ngezixhobo eziqukuqelayo, ingcaciso yezobugcisa, i-alleyyy, kunye noluvo olukude lokwenza uvavanyo. Ngelixa olugcina abantu behleli kwindibano exesheni, kwakhona babonisa ixabiso elingenakususwayo lobukho bomzimba. Njengoko kwiziganeko ze-person zibuya ngo-20222 kunye no-2023, inani lababebekhona livuselelwe ngamandla amatsha, ngokufuthi ngemithetho emitsha eencwadi yokuzikhusela kunye noxabiso olutsha ngamava. Ingxolo ehlayo yandisa umjikelo wotshintsho; abantu abaninzi abaqala ukufumanisa esitshixorhobo ekugqibeleni bafumana amandla akhoyo.

Iimodeli ezinxitywayo, apho kukhethwa amacandelo okanye iindwendwe eziqukunjelwe ecaleni kwesiganeko esiphilayo, zibonakala zingathi ziyazingisa. Zinika abalandeli abangakwaziyo ukuhamba ngenxa yexabiso, impilo, okanye ezinye izibophelelo, kwaye banwebela indibano ukufikelela ngaphaya kwendawo ebonakalayo. Abaququzeleli basahamba behamba ngezoqoqosho zale mizekelo, kodwa imela ulwando olunentsingiselo lwendibano kwi-ethos kwi-electal.

Ikamva leeNdibano ZeAnimise EUnited States

Ukukhangela phambili, iingcinga ezininzi ziza kuchaza isahluko esilandelayo. Ukunyuka nokufumaneka kwethikithi kuhlala kukwimiba yoxinzelelo; iziganeko ezininzi zeflegi zithengiswa ngeyure, kwaye iindawo zitsala nzima ukugcina isantya kunye nemfuno. Ezinye iindibano zihlola ulwandiso olusisigxina, iinyawo ezininzi ezihamba-sangqa, okanye kwanexesha lexesha eligqithisiweyo elihambisa inani labekho kumaxesha amade. Ixabiso eliphezulu lentengiso entengiso ekhethekileyo kunye nempembelelo yabasebenzi abaqokelela amagumbi okuthengisa nazo zidala ukhuphiso olumele luxelwe.

Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi ngomnye amandla. Abadali bamaJapan, abadlali belizwi, neendwendwe zomculo babonakala rhoqo kunangaphambili, kodwa zinjalo iitalente ezivela eMzantsi Korea, eTshayina nakwezinye iindawo njengokuba ulinganiso kunye nee-webtoon zinyusa intsingiselo yoko kuqukwa yindibano. Iinkqubo zibonakalisa ukhuphiswano lomdaniso lweK-Pop, amacwecwe e-mangua, kunye neengingqi zeBollywood anime, ezibonisa impembelelo eninzi yezithethe ze-aves.

Iindibano eziqhutywa nguluntu, ezilawulwa ngokupheleleyo yimibutho engafumani ngeniso enamatsha - ntliziyo, iyaqhubeka iphumelela kunye neziganeko ezisemva kwequmrhu. Ezi zinto zombini zokwenza izinto zigcine impucuko iqinile. Ii-con ezincinci zengingqi njengeKatsucon, iAnime Weekend Atlanta, kunye neFnineCon zingqina ukuba akufuni malungu ali-100 000 ukuze kuvezwe impela-veki etshintshayo. Enyanisweni, umlinganiselo osondeleyo weemeko zomphakathi ophakathi usoloko unika into engenakukwazi: ithuba lokunxibelelana ngokune nento ecacileyo, ukunxibelelana nomzobimbi, okanye ukufumana ilitye elinqabileyo kwigumbi elibonisa isikrini esizolileyo.

Kukho inkxalabo eqinisekileyo ngokuncitshiswa kwentengiso ekhoyo, kodwa imbali yeendibano ze-amime icebisa ukuba inkanuko ye-ante ifuna ukwenzeka ngendlela yokuzilungisa. I-generes entsha, iplatfomu ezintsha, nezizukulwana ezintsha zabalandeli ziza kuphinda zijonge ukuba zinjani na ezi ndibano. I-oyile ishiyeka: umnqweno wokubhiyozela amabali, amashumi eminyaka adluleyo, kufuneka umgudu wokwenene wokufumana. Ukusuka kwi-Yama Conon's 100 abahambisi be-Anime Expolup, i-ooooothempyuths ezintandathu eziding, i-U.S.naine iyakuphinda ikwazi ukukhula kwe--methorivey — ukusuka kwikhompathi yempucuko yehlabathi.

Oko kwaqala kumagumbi endibano abolekiweyo kunye neepolishi zendibano kuye kwaba yinto exhaphakileyo. Iindibano zanamhlanje zisenza isithembiso esiphambili esifanayo: indawo ozikhathaza ngayo, apho ucinga kakhulu ngayo, yaye abantu bakho balindele isithembiso. Eso sithembiso, esakhiwe ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphaya kweminyaka engamashumi amane, siqinisekisa ukuba iindibano ze-athom ziya kuqhubeka ziguquka, zimangalisa, yaye zamkele abantu abatsha kwiminyaka ezayo.