Ibali ngalinye elingalibalekiyo liqala kwindawo evakalelwa kukuba yeyokwenene, nokuba lulawulo olukhulu lwemisinga yezulu, ubukumkani obudibeneyo obudibeneyo nobunzima benkungu, okanye ukwakhiwa ngokucoselelo kwe-Victorian London. Ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi kungaphezulu kakhulu kunesiqalo ````kumgangatho apho kukwisiphi isimilo kunye nomngqungqo, kwaye ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuntywiliselwa komfundi kunye nokugcinwa kwemvakalelo. Ucelomngeni kubabhali kukuhlonela iindibano zabo ezikhethiweyo ze-genre ngexesha lokususa imimiselo eyaneleyo ebangela ukumangaliswa nokuxhonywa kwemigoqo. Abafundi bemilo balindele umlingo nentsomi, inzululwazi efifififi ijonge ubugcisa kunye nobuchule obuthe kratya; ukuqhathano kwembali ifuna ucocelo kunye nendlela yobugcisa. I-gnobo lwehlabathi olunelisayo oluneyo olunelwayo oluneyo olunelisayo, olunelwayo oluneyo oluno oluneyo olusayo olusayo, oluno lwezinzo olukhoyo lobubanzi lobuchule, oluthe lokuhlolayolo lwenziweyo

Ukutshabalalisa Iindibano Ezineentlobo Ngeentlobo Ngaphandle Kokuba Libanjwa

Iindibano ze-free zisebenza njengesivumelwano esithe cwaka phakathi kombhali nomfundi. Zibeka ulindelo oluthi, xa zihlangatyezwana, luzisenemvo wokwazi nolwaneliseko. Noko ke, ukulandela iintsontela zoluhlu lwe-trope kunokubangela ukuba zingabikho, zixelwe kwangaphambili. Undoqo kukuziqonda kakuhle iindibano ngokwaneleyo ukuzama ukuqhatha ukuthemba kwabaphulaphuli, kodwa zibothuse ngako nako nako nako.

Ingcamango: Umlingo, IiNtsomi Nengqiqo Yommangaliso

Entliziyweni yayo, iphupha lithembisa ubukho bemilingo engaqhelekanga. Iindibano zale mihla ziquka iinkqubo zomlingo ezicwangcisiweyo, amarhamncwa, uphumo oluyintsonkotha, kunye nomlo ocacileyo phakathi kobuhle nobubi. Imisebenzi enjenge iNkosi yeRings imisela ezininzi zezi zinto zibalulekileyo, kodwa iphupha langoku liyinwebeze njani ingqokelela yemibala eqingqiweyo. Abafundi namhlanje bamkela abasebenzi abanokuziphatha okumpungelukileyo, abalinganiselwe okanye abaqondwa kakuhle (inkqubo zomlingo), kunye nemimiselo edibanisa ubungangamfamfa behlabathi. Xa ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi, akubuzi nje “Yintoni le milingo? kodwa“ iyenza njani ingeniso yemali, udidi, unqulo, nobomi bemihla ngemihla?” Iphuphamphulo apho abaphi bemi bonyango bemijiji, bemi, bezole kwanento, indlela yokusebenza, imicimbi esisiseko, kwanento, indlela, yemisebenzi.

Ingcamango Efihlwayo Yenzululwazi: Ubugcisa, Uluntu Nemeko Yoluntu

Ingxelo yenzululwazi ixhomekeke ekuxilongweni okusuka kwimigaqo yenzululwazi okanye yobugcisa yangoku. Iindibano zisuka kuhambo olukhawulezileyo lwezobugcisa nakumazwe asemzini ukuya kubuchule obungeyonkqubo, ukunyuswa kwekhompyutha, kunye noorhulumente bedystopian. I-genre isebenzisa izicwangciso zexesha elizayo ukuvavanya intlalo-ntle yabanye abantu, indlela yokuziphatha, okanye imicimbi yezobupolitika. Impumelelo yokwakhiwa kwe-SF iyaziphepha ubugcisa obuzenzekelayo ngenxa yezobugcisa; yonke into eveziweyo inokuba neziphumo ezinamandla. Kwihlabathi apho uqhagamshelwano luqheleke khona, lusebenza njani imidaba? Injani imaringavisisani xa izinto zokwenyama zinokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza? Abafundi baya kulingalingani nobuchule bokwenyani kwezenzululwazi, ukungaguquguqu nokuqondana kwenzululwazi enzima kwiingenelo lwentlalo-ntlalo-ntle, okanye inkqubo yomgangatho woluntu, okanye ilungelenezo ezingekho ngqiqweni emhlabeni.

Ubufifi Bembali: Buchanile Ngokubetha

Iintsomi zembali zifumana amandla azo ngokusuka kukunyaniseka. Abafundi balindele ukudibana nexesha elibonakalayo: izikhuseli zentlalo, iimpahla, ubugcisa, kunye nolwimi lolwimi lwasekuhlaleni ngexesha elithile. Kodwa eyona mgibe iphambili yembali ijonge ingumzekelo okhoyo wembali njengesixhobo sogcino-lwazi esikhoyo. Ezona zixelwano zinamandla nezikhoyo zinokubutshintsha ubomi kunye nenkunkuma, amandla okuthetha ngolwimi olunekhowudi, abantu abathetha iinkolelo zabo zosuku nolwahlukileyo kwezethu. Uphando oluphambili lungachananga olukhoyo, kodwa ke luchaza umgwebo. Ngamaxesha athile, ukunyaniseka okungqongqo kusenokufuneka kuthintele ukuphazamisa abaphulaphuli bale belithangathathi-ndlebe langoku (ngoko umzekelo, ukuqukuqela iziqululo zemali). Usukelo lwehlabathi lunokuvakala lungaphindiswa ziimbono ezingqondweni zobunyani.

Ubuchule Bendalo Kwimisebenzi Yesakhelo Eqhelekileyo

Xa uthe wathatha ibala lendawo ohlala kuyo, uvuyo lokwenene luyaqala: ukusonta nokuphinda ulungise loo maphu. Uqobo alufane luvele ekuqaliseni iingcamango ezintsha ngokupheleleyo; luqhambuka ngokudibanisa iingcamango ezikhoyo ngokumiselwa ngendlela emangalisayo, ukumba nzulu kakhulu, nokuguqula amathemba ngaphandle kokusigqitha isithembiso esingundoqo se-genre.

Ukucutha iintambo ngenjongo, hayi ngentsimbi nje kuphela

Ukujika i-trope ephambili kungayiphazamisa into ebomini, kodwa kuphela xa i-inguqu zinobunzima obungaqhelekanga. Umzekelo, ihlabathi lentelekelelo apho igosa eliprofetiwe lingaphumeleli kwangoko, linyanzelela abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba bathwale umthwalo, bacel ’ umngeni ukuxhomekeka kwe-trire kwikamva. Kwinzululwazi, inginginya ecingelwa ukuba ithethyiwe ngemigaqo esengqiqweni ingaxhomekeka ekuxhaseni kwelizwe elithe cwaka phantsi kweklasi, ukubonakalisa okoqobo. Ukuguqula okusebenza ngenxa yokuba kubandakanya i-trope phantsi kwembono ezicacileyo. Abafundi abaqonda indibano bafumana indibano ngokunzulu kwingxelo, bebuza isiseko sehlabathi.

Ukuxuba Iintlobo Zezilwanyana Zokuvelisa Iintlobo - ntlobo Eziluhlaza

Ukuxuba i Genre yenye yezona ndawo zichumileyo zokwakha ihlabathi. Iphupha lembali elicwangciswe eHeian Japan ngeqela elingqongqo lobugqi lingaziva litsha ngokupheleleyo. Umculo wendawo oboleka isakhiwo se-Western(-"emastier dists, ulwaphulo-mthetho olunothuli, kunye nokudibanisa iinkwenkwezi ezinomtsalane/ukufaka isibheno kwiqela elithile lenqanawa zokufunda. Indlela ekhuthaza ukuba uboleke ukuqina kwendibano enye ye-genre nolwelo lomnye, ukudala ihlabathi apho uqhelene khona, xa uxuba, ugcina ucacile: khetha isibheno esikhulu somdlalo lwabaphulaphuli, kwaye uvumele ukuba iidibe lwexesha eliphakathi lonyaka wokwenziwa kotyalo. Kungenjalo, ihlabathi linokuva ulwelo oludaka.

Ukuphuhlisa izithethe ezitsha noLawulo

Ii-millives zisoloko zinguqhagamshelwano olubuthathaka kwilizwe lonke. Kulula ukungazimiseli ii-monarchers, ubukhosi, okanye amabhunga aqhelekileyo edemokhrasi. Endaweni yoko, zizibekele phantsi ukuyila izakhiwo zokulawula ezisuka kwimeko-bume, imbali, kunye nezinto ezikhoyo zehlabathi. Umhlaba wasentlango ungalawulwa libhunga lebhunga lamanzi amanzi; isitishi sasemkhathini singasebenza njengenkampani egcina inkxaso apho ivoti isekelwe kwiminikelo yobomi. I-World Braccometic Exchange inguvimba wezinto ezigqugqisa ubuchopho. Unqulo kunye neenkqubo zokukholelwa kwizinto ezithile zinika amathuba anzulu. Ukususa ngaphandle kohlobo lwe-board esprearch types]

Ithambeka

Umgama wendlela yobume yemeko-bume, yezoqoqosho, kunye nengquzulwano. Umgama weentaba ezicula emoyeni ungavelisa yonke impucuko yabaculi kunye ne-mouse-geography. Isixeko esakhelwe ngasemva kwemithetho emikhulu, efudukayo kancinci silungisa imbono yekhaya, uhambo, kunye nentsimi. Kwanezicwangciso ezizinzileyo zingenelwa kulwakhiwo lwendalo oluthembekileyo nolunokusetyenziswa ngumoya. Uphando lwehlabathi lwendalo kunye nolwendalo, kwandule oko kunokwenzeka kwimithetho yakho yomhlaba. Isitshixo sithetha ukuthi: imekobume imele isoloko inxibelelane nezigqibo zabasebenzi. Umgangatho ohlala egxobhobhoza uya kuba nokwakhiwa ngokwahlukeneyo, ubuchule bokulwa kwemfazwe, kunye nobuchule bokulondoloza ukutya kunokulandela inkculo-progracrafish.

Amandla Obuchule Bangaphakathi Nokungaguqu-guquki

Akukho nto iphazamisa ukuthemba komfundi ngokukhawuleza kunehlabathi elivakalelwa lingenanjongo. Xa umisela ukuba kukho imithetho ethile ekhoyo/ukuba ilawula imilingo, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukulandelelana kwezobupolitika, kufuneka uhlale kuyo. Uqikelelo lwangaphakathi luxinzelelelo olungabonakaliyo olubamba ubunzima benkolelo.

Ukuchaza nokukhupha iMithetho

Bhala incwadi yesandla eyimfihlo yehlabathi lakho. Uxwebhu lungabhala imiqathango: amandla angakanani aphulwayo? Ziziphi iimpawu zomzimba zokusebenzisa umlingo? Ukuba inkwenkwezi iqhuba kuphela ngaphakathi kwemithombo yomhlaba, isithuba ngasinye semfazwe kufuneka sihlonele eso sinyanzelisayo. Umfundi angaze abone olu xwebhu, kodwa ubukho balo buza kuphuma kwiprose, ukwenza izinto ezingaqhelekanga zizive zilawulwa ngumthetho wendalo. Xa waphula umthetho, yenza ngabom kwaye ubonise iziphumo. Umzekelo okhohlisayo le nkqubo kufuneka ahlawule ixabiso. / H, inxeba, inxeba kwinyani, okanye umva wentlalo. Oku akugcini kuthemba nje kuphela kodwa kunyusa iziphango.

Ukungaguquki Kwexesha Nezithethe

Ihlabathi lakho labakho ngaphambi kokuba ibali liqalwe kwaye liza kuqhubeka emva kokuba ligqibile. I-Allle de de de de three. I-Iconstencies kwindaleko yenkcubeko, ujikelezo lwezobugcisa ngaphandle kwengcaciso, okanye iilwimi ezihlala zifana kumgama omkhulu zingaphelisa ubunyani. Iphupha kunye nembali ebhaliweyo, ukutshintsha kolwimi kuqhelekile. Ukuba umgama webali, ubonisa ukutshintshana kwegama, isakhiwo, okanye ifashoni. Nokuba awulwakhi lwimi olupheleleyo, amagama ambalwa akwindawo ebanzi okanye izitranslamstiki zengi ezicekelele imbali yolwimi. [[FLT: 0] ukt] uklong, iintebo ezithandwayo, incoko edla ngokuconga indlela yokwaluphala oluninzi olukhoyo ngaphandle kolwazi oluninzi lomfundi.

Ukuxhasa Ihlabathi Ngeempawu Nengxabano

Elona hlabathi lintsonkothileyo liba libi lingenabasebenzi abalawula ingcinezelo yalo. Ngokuchaseneyo, ucwangciso olulula lungaziva lunzulu xa luhluzwa ngelensi yesixhobo sokutsala i-protagononist. Ulwalamano luyi-symbiotic: ihlabathi libumba iimpawu, kwaye uxanduva lwabo lubonisa ukuba yinyaniso kwehlabathi.

Ukuvusa Ingxabano Kwiimeko Zehlabathi Ezintle

Iimfazwe zohlobo oluthile phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi aziyi kubonisa ukuba uhlukile kwehlabathi lakho. Endaweni yoko, ndilungiselela ukulwa okunokwenzeka apho. Kwihlabathi apho iinkumbulo zikho, isela eliba umntu osisityebi linokuba lilo elidala imfazwe yamaqela. Kwisizukulwana esineenkwenkwezi apho uxinzelelo lokwemvelo lungaphumelelanga, ukubulala okusebenzisa ngcono i-zero-G physics kudla ngokunentsingiselo. Xa ungquzuzulwano olungundoqo ludibene ngokungenalusini nembali yehlabathi, ukutshonisa kwenqanawa kuyakwazi ukutshintsha ngokugqithisileyo. Abafundi ababoni nje ukujonga ukwenziwa komhlaba; baziva ubunzima babo benyanzelekile kwiinketho zabasebenzi.

Ukuqhatha Ihlabathi Ngemilo Enzima

Kwanakwezona zingaqhelekanga kwindalo, amava abantu (okanye umntu) kufuneka avakalelwe. Umenzi wothuli kwiplanethi entlango ephupha ubomi obungcono, i-Al ebuza injongo yayo, umbelekisi wamaxesha aphakathi obeka ubomi esichengeni sokubulala indlalifa enesiphene . Ezi ngxaki ziguqulela ukunqumla imida ye-genre. Isitshixo sithetha into ecacileyo: kumhlaba jikelele kwiinkcukacha ezithile zehlabathi lakho. Endaweni yoko “wayelusizi,” ubonise ukuba utyelele kwingcwele apho isithukuthelo sichazwa khona ngokugalela amanzi entlabaleni, umsi odityaniswe kwingqukuva, umkhwa oditya kwingqungquthela yodangala yasekuhlaleni. Imvakalelo ingumntu wonke, kodwa le ntetho iqhelekile kuwe.

Ukutshona Okunobuvo: Ukubonisa Ihlabathi Ngenkcukacha

Abafundi baphila ngengqiqo yabo. Ihlabathi elisekelwe kwinkcazelo engacacanga liza kuhlala lihleli; ihlabathi eliguqulelwe ngolwazi olucacileyo lwezimvo liba ngamava. Ukubhala okuvakalayo akuthethi nje ukupeyinta umfanekiso(idlulisela indlela ovakalelwa ngayo, inika imbonakalo yeempawu zobuntu, kwaye iqinisa imithetho ephathekayo.

Ngaphaya Kwento Ebonakalayo: Isandi, Ipesenti, Nokubhala

Imfihlelo idla ngokungagqibeki kwimboniselo. Ingathini isandi esiphezulu se-tech bazaar? Ukukhala kwemodyuli yoguqulelo, ukhupho lwezikhewu ezichaseneyo nobushushu bekhompyutha, ukuntlontlobano lwezilo ezincinane zekhompyutha. Kwindawo yephupha, ivumba linokuba yintlanganisela yemos, intsimbi kwi-ratonar ekufuphi, kunye nokubola okumnandi kweziqhamo zomlingo zomlolo. Kwanohlobo lwemali yezinto ezinxitywayo ngezixhobo ezigudileyo ngeminyaka emininzi yokusetyenziswa. Iinkcukacha zoburhala zimele zichaze intengiselwano. Iinkcukacha zengqondo zimele ziphinde zibe ngumsebenzi, ziqhubele phambili imeko yemo yemizwano neyo engokwemvakalelo ye-proggon. Uphawu olugqunywe yi- acid yomoya olungcolileyodwa, ngexesha elinye lomoya ongasemva. [5] [5]

Ukuxolisa Abo Bangenawo Amava Ngempembelelo Eemvakalelo

Obunye ubuchule obunamandla kukuchaza ubuchule obungaqhelekanga kumagama ezivamvo aqhelekileyo, kunye neziqhelekileyo kwezobungaqhelekanga. Xa umntu osuka kwihlabathi lethu ehamba kwindawo yomlingo, ukushukuma kwakhe kusenokudluliselwa ngokubeka izinto eziqhelekileyo njengendawo yasemzini: isitulo esilula singachazwa “njengesikroba esixhotyisiweyo esimelwayo esinobunzima obunobunzima obuphantsi, obuphantse bube nobunombulelo." Oku kutshintsha kugcina umfundi ephaphile kwaye ebambelele ngokupheleleyo kwingqondo yomntu.

Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokuzicaphukisa

Kwanabenzi behlabathi abanamava bangawela kwimigibe ebangela ukuba inkohliso ingabi ntle. Ukwazi kukukhusela kokuqala.

  • [[FLT: 0] Inkunkuma yokwenziwa: Yiphephe imihlathi yembali okanye imithetho yomlingo enikezelwa ngelizwi elomileyo. Ngomququzeleli ulwazi luyityhile ngesenzo, ngengxoxo, nangenkcukacha zeziva-luvo. Tshela umfundi ukuba adibanise izinto kunye. Ukuba icebo elikhulu lolwazi libonakala lingenakuphepheka, liyiqhekeza ibe ziziqwenga kwaye lisasaze imifanekiso apho umxhasi weprotagon ufumana ulwazi ngokweemvakalelo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukwakhiwa: Asiyonto yonke yehlabathi lakho ekufuneka ivele kwiphepha. Iminombo emininzi yezindlu ezisemgangathweni okanye imijikelo ecacileyo yenyanga ingaba nomtsalane kuwe, kodwa ingadibanisa ibali. Yakha ngokwaneleyo ukukhuthaza intembelo kwaye ke yenza ibali lilawule oko kufuneka kuboniswe. Ihlabathi kufuneka livakalelwe ngokunzulu, hayi ngokushwankathela.
  • I-Cultlithis: Izijikelezi-jikelezi- langa esinye, izikumkani ezinolwimi olunye, kunye nenkolelo efanayo yonqulo kulo lonke ilizwekazi. Iimvelaphi zokwenene ziyahluka, ziyaphikisana, kwaye ziyasebenzisana. Iiyantlukwano zengingqi, amaqela aphikisanayo, kunye nolwahlulo lwesizukulwana. Ubukumkani bephupha bunokuba nothixo welanga oziziintloko ezingqukuva, kodwa imibhiyozo yabalimi ezukisayo ngokufihlakeleyo izukisa umoya womhlaba ovaliweyo.
  • [[NTLT: 0] ubugcisa okanye umlingo njengendawo yembumba: Ukuba nayiphi na ingxaki ingasombululwa ngophawu oluluncedo okanye uxinzelelo, ukuwa koxinzelelo. Imiqathango yamandla, ukubeka amaxabiso, kunye nokwenza imingeni esebenzisa loo miqathango. Ubuchule obungabangela ubuqhetseba kunye neFantasy Writers Association[ inika oovimba abaninzi ekulondolozeni ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi okunganceda ekuqhubeni kude kwedeus exmachina.
  • [[FLT: 0] Iphosa imbali engekhoyo: Amahlabathi apho wonke umntu engumphumi-mkhosi, i-mage, okanye upolitiko lungaziva luphuthile. Bonisa abalimi, abarhwebi, nabatshayeli abasebenzi ababenza kube lula iziganeko. Imbono yabo icacisa ibali kwaye yongezelele ubunjani. Ukubulawa kukakumkanikazi akuthethi nto ukuba asiboni ukuba ukuhanjiswa kweengqolowa kwikomkhulu kuchaphazela njani.

Ingxelo Yembali Nophando Oluphefumlelweyo

Umlinganiselo omangalisayo wokwakhiwa kwehlabathi uvela kuphando olunzulu kwimbali yokwenene, inzululwazi yezendalo, kunye nemekobume. Imizekelo yembali ingajijwa ibe yinto entsha ngokupheleleyo: isebe leTshayina lamandulo lidibene kwisitishi sesithuba, i-Incanquipu ilungelelaniswe njengenkqubo yogcino-lwazi lwezizwe ezingezobuntu ezingekho mthethweni. Kwanezidalwa zephupha zibanokuthenjwa ngakumbi xa zisekelwe kwingqiqo yebhayoloji. Ukufunda indlela eyakheke ngayo imvelaphi yoluntu ngokubhekiselele kwiimpahla, indlela indlela ezibunjwa ngayo iindlela zorhwebo, nendlela eziphembelela ngayo iimpahla zemozulu. Ukwazi okuninzi ngehlabathi lokwenene, okunokuyitshintsha okunokuyichachachana. [[FLT:] iStical Society [FLT] inikeza inqaku elibalaseleyo ekusebenziseni kwembali ekutyebisayo, kwanabo.

Izixhobo nemikhwa yoMkhi wehlabathi osebenzayo

Ukwakha ihlabathi elilungelelanisiweyo kufuna ulungelelwaniso. Ababhali abaninzi basebenzisa iprojekthi yabucala, yeScrevener, okanye incwadana yokubhala iinkcukacha. Qwalasela uthotho lwamaphepha: uthelekiso lweziganeko ezinkulu, umenzi wesimbo one phetshana ngendlela elibunjwe ngayo ihlabathi, kunye “imithetho esebenzayo” ngomlingo wakho okanye ubugcisa. Khulisa umkhwa wokwakha ihlabathi kungekufakwanga kwikhamacasi, kodwa kwi tandem ngemifanekiso. Xa uzobala isahluko, buze okohlukile ngale ndawo enokudluliselwa ngolwazi, ngenxalenye yengxoxo, okanye umqobo oncinane. Ngexesha elithile, ihlabathi lakho liya kuvelisa imiquluko evakalayo i-atholo, kodwa i-africric.

Ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi yingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwento oqhele ukuyenza nengaqhelekanga. Imbeko iindibano ezakutsalela kwi-genre, kodwa ungaze uzivumele ukuba zikuthintele. Usebenzisa izicwangciso zakho ngokulinganayo, ngobuninzi bezivamvo, kunye nobunzulu benkcubeko obuvela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi lokwenene. Xa zonke iintaba, izithethe, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa zifunxa imilinganiselo nengxabano, awuyileli nje iqonga, kodwa udala indalo ephilayo, ukuba abafundi--izakubuyela, benolangazelelo ukutyhila imfihlelo yayo elandelayo.