Studio Ghibli akakudzwa kwenguva refu kwete bedzi nokuda kwemavara ake anoorora kana kuti nhauro dzakaoma mutsika, asi nokuda kwechimiro chokudetemba chakarukwa muchimiro chiri chose. Pakati pemifananidzo inopfuurira neyakajeka zvikurusa mufilimiography yestitudio kuvapo kwokubhururuka uye kufambiswa kwokungwarira. Kana munhu ari kubhururuka pamusoro pemakore pamuti womutsvairo, achimhanya nomumudzimu unoputsika pasi pemitengo yesango, kufambisa kunova mutauro wechishandiso chayo chimene chinokurukura rusununguko, mhanza, chinjo, uye chisungo chakakomba pakati porudzi nenyika yomusikirwo. Kure kure kure kubva pakushongedzwa, aya masero echienzi enhau yemifananidzo yeGhibli, kuzivisa revo rezviono.

Chinofungidzira: Kubhururuka Sorusununguko uye Mutsidziri

Kutiza muchadenga chaGhibli kunoshanda nguva dzose sedimikira rerusununguko(kubva mukukarira kwechikamuraniso chezvigaro, kutyiwa kwomunhu oga, kubva kuuremu hwenhamo. Hayao Miyazaki, muvambi wenzvimbo inosimwa namanejasi wemifananidzo, akakudziridza kunetseka kwenguva dzose nendege, akagara nhaka nababa vake vakagara nhaka shangu dzefekitari dzendege dzehondo mukati meHondo Yenyika II. Maruva akanaka iwayo anopfuudzwa pamusoro pemafirimu: michina inobhururuka, zvisikwa zvine mapapiro, uye mitumbi inokwevera mitumbi inooneka senzira kujeka. Bva kubatwa kwenzvimbo yedenga hakutongori mukwaratisitiri yoga yoga yogaro. Muvakidzani wechinhu nendege kazhinji kazhinji unoratidzira ukama hwendege nedenderedzwa rendangariro, chingagona kuva chiono chakajekero chikuru.

Mu [[FLT: 0] Kiki’s Relation Service[FL:1] (1998), mano omuroyi muduku okubhururuka anosungirwa zvakananga kukutenda kwake. Apo Kiki anotambura chinetso chechivimbo uye anorasikirwa namasimba ake, anonyura mukusagadzikana; mutsva wake unoramba kubuda pasi. Nguva inowanazve kubhururuka kununura Tombo mutsaona inooneka kudivikanwa. (hakusi kuratidzwa kwamashiripiti akavandudzwazve asi kwokuzvivandudza. Kutya kwake, kusingadzokerwi, kunoteverwa nebhurashi inokwezvurwa nemugwagwa unokwezvurwa, inokurukura zvikuru pamusoro pokukura kupi nokumwe. Nomutoo wakati, [FLD] kubuda kunzvimbo dzose dzinopfuvura. [FT] Spectrome]

Porco Rosso[FL:1] (1992) anopa kutorazve. Mutyairi wenguruve, akatukwa kuti apfeke chiso cheporini, anowana utiziro hwake bedzi panzvimbo yaanotambira ndege yake tsvuku yegungwa. Nokuti Marco, kubhururuka kunobva munyika yepashure pehondo, haagoni kubvisa dumbu, kunyange zvakadaro iko kutapwawo. Firimu inoorora inorwisana nevhu neareka yesimbi nemhepo, asi inosimbisawo kuva kwake oga. Apo Marco anorega kutuka kwake pakupedzisira, hakuzi mumhepo asi panyika. Miyazaki anoshatisawo kukwidziridza kurwisana kwetsika kwetsika nehondo yechokwadi.

Wind Rives (2013]), zvichida kubhururukazve kwomutungamiriri kwechinyakare zvikurusa, sechishuvo chokugadzira zvinhu nemutengo une ngwavaira. Jiro Horoshi anogadzira purofiti yakaisvonaka Mitsubishi A5M, hope dzake dzokubhururuka dzichivhengana neroto dzinotyisa dzoruparadziko. Kubhururuka kwose kwechiono chakatarisana nemheno yomugariro wapasi kunoratidzirwa noruzivo rwehondo. Ghibli famiko chiito chokubhururuka kwete sechipo chisina mhaka asi sechipo chakakombwa zviviri zvokubereka. Kubva muiyi mifanikiso yakaitwa kuti ive pachena. Kubva muiyi mifanikiso, mabhaisiro anosimbisa kuti ndege haatongotongori “kukwira, nguva dzose inongova mufambiro womurangariro.

Kunyange munzvimbo nyoro dze Muvakidzani Wangu Totoro [1988], ruzha rune revo. Kubhururuka kwaTotoro kunomhanya muminda yemwedzi nechamucheto yeCatbus kusingangodzongonyedziri nomuromo kupfurikidza nemitsetse yesimba kunoendesa hanzvadzi duku kunzvimbo inotyisa yechirwere chamai vadzo kunzvimbo inoshamisa. Kubhururuka kwakafanana nomwana, kutamba, asi kunobatanidzawo kusimba kwefungidziro pamusoro pezvisurudzo. Mabhabhabhabhu haana kungotsvikinyira nemiviri asi nepfungwa.

Kuongorora Nyika Chaikwoikwo uye Chikwata cheGhibli

Miyazaki kuda kwaadikanwi ndege inoisa ufakazi hwechokwadi. Nyanzvi dzenzvimbo inofunda ndege dzevintage .Ntoplage .309, Macchi M.C.72, Mitsubishi Zero (kwete kutora michina yemichina inosimudzwa asi kutora denga rendege. Uku kudzika kunopa kuvimbwa kusingabviri. Apo Satsuki na Mei vanonamatira kudumbu raTotoro ndokukwira pamusoro pemapaziro omupunga, nhevedzano inoteerera kurangarira kwayo yomukati: mhepo inopfuura nebvudzi dzavo, macamera anotsveruka uye kururamisa uremu, kutenderera nokuchinja kwouremu. Kutarisira kwakadaro ndiko mumicheto uye kunokosha zvikuru. Nokuda kwomutungamiriri wemichenje. [mufi]

Mutauro Wesangano: Kunyora Mufungo Pasina Mashoko

Nepo ndege ichibhururuka, mashoko akakura esangano repasi pano ($rung, kuwa, kutenderera, kutenderera / macareator akaenzana. Maatomiator anoona chiito chimwe nechimwe sechiitiko chendangariro. Mutambi anomhanya haangopfuudzi nzvimbo A kusvika kuB; muviri wavo unoratidza kuvhunduka, kutsunga, mufaro, kana kuti rusuruvaro kupfurikidza nokukwidza kwechoko, uye kurira kwesimba ravo. Iyi ngwariro kuudzamende yekinetic inobvumira kutambanuro inotambanudzwa kutepfekedzwa kunhevedzano yemifungo isingatsamiri pakurukurirano yemirangariro.

Kumhanya Sekusunungurwa Mumirangariro

Chase inotevedzana mumafirimu eGhibli inowanzova permission. Inowanzoratidzira mugariro womukati wevatambi. Mu Princess Monoke (1997), Ashitaka anopererwa nezano musango pashure pokutukwa ideya kudzingwa kworuvengo rwoudhemoni runotyisidzira kumupedza. Makumbo ake anopomba nemwero wesimba rinopfuura romuzvarirwo, bva chiso chake chinoramba chakanyorwa, kupokanidzana kwemiriro yechinhu pakati pezvido zvake zvinorangwa uye hasha dzinonyangatira muviri wake. Gare gare gare, San’s feral skalm inopfura mhiri mudenga uye nomukoto weIron Tow inotyisidzira kushatiswa kwake nehasha uye kutenderera mhepo yehanya, kupesana nokupandukira nyika yake inorwisana nomusha wake.

Ponzo [2008] inochinja kuva mhando dzomufaro wakachena. Apo ndaramafish inodzorwa navakadzi pamusoro pemafungu, tsoka dzake dzinorova mvura yakagadzirwa nehove, kufamba inziyo yorudo uye ichadaro. Kuvhima kwacho hakusi pamusoro porutyo asi pamusoro pokubatanidzwazve, uye kurasika kwomuviri kwenhevedzano ya(* shangu yaPonyo nenzizi dzake shure kwake, [1] kunopfuudza mufaro mukuru kwazvo uyo vateereri vezera ripi neripi ringanzwa. Ghibli anonzwisisa kuti mwana anosanonyora chinyorwa sechinyorwa chakaisvonaka.

Kunyange masangano madukusa anonzvera. . [FLT] (1995] , mutauro womuviri wakakurumidza, usingashandi zvakanaka sezvaanokurumidza kupinda muraibhurari kana kuti kutandanisa pashure pokunge katsi iratidzira kuda kwake kworudo uye kusakwanisa kugadzira zvinhu. Majekiseni anotora simba risingadzoreki remwoyo kwete kupfurikidza necherekedzo inodokuva yetsika dzepwere chaidzoidzoidzoidzoidzoidzo. Iyi misengwa yokufambisa chisungo chapachokwadi pakati porunako neshoo. Zvizhinji pamusoro pezviratidziro zvefivha yevhuro zvinogona kuwanikwa sei muzviwiso [FLT:] . [FLT] .FOUP]

Nzvimbo Dzinogara: Zvakasikwa Zvichingofamba

Kufamba kunotambanuka kupfuura vanhu kuti kubatanidze mhoteredzo imene. MuGhibli’s, kurova kwemasango, nzizi, uye mhepo hazvitongogari. Uku kudavira kwechiShinto kuti midzimu inogara zviitiko zvomusikirwo (kunochinja kuva nzvimbo dzose dzinobatanidzwa nesimba. Mu Princess Monoke [[FLT]]], kushandurwa kwousiku hweMozati kubva kumhuka yemhuka kusvikira kuWarhoner mukuru kunoperekedzwa nekazhina, kuchinja kwakakomba kwemiti yose. Miti, shamhiko, uye midzimu yesango inorova misoro yayo mudungwena. Nyika yacho haingodzongoi chinoitika; inoporesa, uye pakupedzisira inoporesa.

Hayao Miyazaki anowanzova nomufungo wechiJapan wechinopa. hamuna kuziva .

Zvigadzirwa Zvemakwikwi Zvinoderedza Kukwevera Kwazvo Simba

Mienzaniso yendege nezvinonhuhwira zvinoda kuti zvitorwe nenzira yechienzi. Studio Ghibli’s aimators inotsamira pamitengo yeforam yakasiyana - siyana, panis, uye nzwisiso yephysics yokugadzira nhevedzano inonzwa kuva isingabviri uye chaiyoiyo. Zviono zvendege, vanonyora mifananidzo kazhinji kazhinji vanoshandisa kamera yakavharwa mupfuti imwe chete: ruvara rwokutanga rungakweverwa pashero yakasiyana nepo mipumburu yeshure inova nemwe mwero, zvichiita kuti ive netapure youkuru hwechokwadi neyazvo. Apo Chihiro naHaku inomhanya nomudenga, mapfuro anokurumidza kupfurasa neasingashati-petwa asi inoyera mitsetse iri mukati medzo iri mukati mechinofamba.

“ Mufanikiso wakakurumbira wenzvimbo yacho” unoswedera pedyo ne(" apo mafuremu anokweverwa pamasaisai emvura kana maviri panzvimbo pokutambanudzwa napakati penzvimbo refu - nedziduku. Chiratidzo chinobhururuka pakati pendege hachiwanzogara chakananga; mvere dzinongomira, jira, uye muviri unoita kururamisa kuduku sokunge kuti kunorovanywa nemafungu chaiwoiwo. muSky [1986], nhevedzano yokutanga yetava rinokwira pasi pashure pokudonha mudenga ibasa guru rokurema. Zvipfeko, mabharasiro ake anotenderera semapuraneti, uye nyika inotenderera semapuraneti, inotaurirana pakati pechikamu ichi.

Ghibli animators anodzidzawo kufamba nokutamba kuti azivise mafambiro avo. Nzira iyo vara rinosvetuka nayo, nyika, uye kunayazve nongedzero dzinowirirana nezvinonzi biomechanics chaidzoidzo, uko kuri chikonzero nei kunyange mabasa anopfuura ohunhu achinzwa kuva akavimbika. Apo Howl anobata Sophie mukati mekufamba kwavo mu Hol’s Mowing Castle [[FLT: 1] [2004]), kuderera kwokutanga, kudzongonyera, uye shanga yenharo shomanene yenhano dzinova chinhu chisingavimbwi shoko rekuti vanovimba. Kutevedzana kunokurukura kuberekwa kwoukama hwavo nesimba kupfuura kuzivisa kupi nokupi nokupi.

Manyuko Etsika: Filosofi Inotsigira Kufamba

Mashoko echiGhibli haagoni kusiiwa namagamuchidzanwa etsika neouzivi echiJapan. Chitendero cheShinto chokuti midzimu inogara muzvinhu zvose − rocks, nzizi, miti − nenzira yomuzvarirwo zvinoisa rondedzero yenyika iri kufamba kwenguva dzose. Mhepo haisati iri bedzi mhepo inofefetera; ingatakura zevezeve raKami. Kurovanya kwemashizha kungaratidzira kuvapo kwoumwari. Nyika ino inokurudzira varairidzi kuti vabate vasina upenyu savapenyu, mamiriro ezvinhu okunze sevarevereri, uye kupfuurira sevariro yokuputsika.

Murangariro weZen we --kumira kune revo kana kuti nguva yenhambo(*) inozivisawo kushandiswa kweGhibli kwokusatya pakati pokufamba. Studio yakakurumbira nokuda kwezviono zvayo zvisina kuvhurika zvevatambi vanoita chinhu zvikurukuru: mukadzi abika, mukomana anotarira pagungwa, sango rinova ranyura. Nguva idzi hadzisi mhepo yakafa asi dzinoita kuti kuputika kwendege kana kuti kudzinga kwamasimba ose. Chitima chakanyarara pamberi perefuru kana kuti kure, chinomhanya chinyararira mubani roMudzimutengi riri mu [[FLD:]] iri madikanwa kufema.

Kutiza Nekushanda Munguva Dzinonetsa: Kunyatsoongorora

Kunzvera nhevedzano dzakananga kunoratidza kuti Ghibli majekiseni anoratidzirwa kufambiswa sei. Nausicaä weMupata weWind (19984]), kufamba kwendege kwamachinda paNhevedzo yeThombo inonzi Jungle iri zviito zvokunzwira urombo kukuru. Kukwira kwake muvhu rakadzika rakazadzwa ibasa chairo kunzwisisa nyika inotya vamwe. Kufamba kwenhekepfuro yenhetembo, yakashata, uye mhepo inodzosa uzivi hwake hwetsinhirano panzvimbo yorukundo. Paachazokwira pafunguro rendarama reOhmmandles, kufamba kwezvipembenene zvinosimudza kufanana nemuponesi wake, kuchinja kuva muvandutsi.

Mu Hopling Castle[[FL:1], nhare pachayo inoshanda sechiratidzo chinorondedzerwa nokufamba. Kufamba kwayo, shiri inotakurika mutsvina yemarara yeHol pachayo inovanza kusava nomutoro webasa. Sezvo imba inochinja chimiro mufirimu, machati ayo omukati echibhuza kubva kumunhu anotyairana kuti adzivirire. Chivako chokupedzisira, chokureruka chinomhanya pamusoro pezviratidzo zvine rugare zvenzvimbo zvinozivisa kubuda muchadenga.

Nhanho dzose muShv dzinogovera mutevedzeri wechakavanzika chaimo-mo-mota. Laputa nhevedzano, apo Pazu neTetta yakarembera midzi ndokukwakukamuka mumidzi inoputsika, shandura chitsuwa chose kuva danda. Nhano iri yose injodzi, kubata nhambo yechivimbo. Firimu inonzwisisa kuti kufamba kukwira kumusoro kunotakura mativi omudzimu (* kufambira kunzvimbo yeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakarasika ndokukanganwa) apo rusingadzivisiki kunomirira ruparadziko uye kudzokera kuvhu rakareruka. Iyi , inovakwa mumapfupa echiito, inopa purofiti.

Nhaka uye Kupesvedzera Zvinhu Zvinoratidza Nyika Yose

Kurapa kwaStudio Ghibli pakubhururuka nokufamba kwakaita chiratidzo chokuti vaongorori munyika yose vanopfuurira kufunda. Vakuru vakuru vakafanana naMakoto Shinai, Mamoru Hosoda, uye kunyange Pixar’s Pete Docter vakadudza pesvedzero yaMiyazaki pamusoro penzira yavanogadzira nayo zvidimbu uye kufambisa mirangariro neresonance. Vatambi vokuMadokero, vakarovedza kufambisa mifananidzo nokuchekerera nokukurumidza, vanowana muGhibli mudhurowi wakasiana - , apo kubhururuka kwemushevedzo kana kuti chigumbu chomwana kunotakura kurema zvikuru segadziriro yetsika. Uku kusimbisa uku kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kuti varangarire kusango kupfurikidza nokugadzira mifananidzo asi seboka.

Nhaka yestudio inotsungirira nemhaka yokuti haitongotapudzi kufamba sechishandisowo zvacho kufambisira mberi nzvimbo. Panzvimbo pezvo, kaarc imwe neimwe mumhepo, shangu imwe neimwe inomhanya nomusango, uye kurovana kworunyoro kumwe nokumwe mumugwagwa wakatsvinda kunova nhau pfupi mauri umene. Nokuda kwaavo vanoda kunzverazve, chinyorwa “ Kuita kwaSpirit Battle" [ kunopa nzwisiso huru munziraidzo yavaimbi vaGhibli vanogadzira nayo kufamba kuvambira pamielsel, uye bhuku rinonzi “Rmoduction Point: 1979: (1996]) neHayazaki projects dzinounganidza mafati ake anoorora nguva dzose nokufamba.

Pakupedzisira, kubhururuka nokubhururuka muStudio Ghibli zviito zvokushandura zvinochinja mukati kuva simba rokunze. Zvinotivimbisa kuti vanhu havangokwezvwi chete asi vanofema, vanogumbuka, uye vanosimuka.