Kutsvaka Kuzivikanwa: Misoro Yemashoko Yomutauro Wevanhu Vari Muzita Rako uye Zvavanofunga Panyika Ino

Makoto Shinnai’s 2016 rina chitarisiko chikuru chezita rako Zita rako (KIM non Nawa) rinopfuura zvikuru ngano inokatyamadza yavechiduku vakaparirwa nenyeredzi. Pasi pekuchinja kwomuviri wayo unopfuura kwouzivi kuri fungidziro huru pamusoro pezvinoreva kuva munhu amene munyika inosvasvasvasvasvas. Filimu inonzvera mibvunzo yagara iripo kwamazana amakore: Kornongeia mumuviri, ndangariro, kana kuti nhau tinotaura? Kubatana nevamwe tiri vami? Munhu anogona sei kutongozivikanwa zvirokwazvo? Nefunga nezvako.

Kuzivikanwa Kwakasiyana - siyana Kwevanhu

Pamwoyo paro, Zita Rako [[FLT: 1] rinoita rondedzero yemhesano yemunhu oga: chii chinoita mumwe munhu mumwe cheteyo munguva pasinei zvapo nechinjo huru mumuviri, ndangariro, uye mugariro? Firimu yeeschew inopesana nenharo yechinoitika chevhaisireji. Taki, Tokyo mukwikwiri wechikoro chakakwirira, naMitsuha, musikana anobva kumaruwa Itomori, anomutsa upenyu hwomumwe nomumwe asinganyeveri. Kufunga kwavo kunogara mumitumbi yokumwe, inovasiya vachienda kumiitiro yavaenzi, ukama, uye kunyange yevatano. Iri simba rinobvisa nokukurumidza mativi ose ari maviri, uye vateereri vasingagoni kuoneka kana kuti vasai.

Uzivi hwokuMadokero hwakarwisana kwenguva refu neiyi nzvimbo. John Locke rondedzero yeyeuko yomunhu oga inokarakadza kuti kupfuurira kworuzivo, kwakavakirwa kupfurikidza neketani dzeyeuko, ndiko kunoita munhu mumwe cheteyo munguva yakapfuura. Taki naMitsuha yeuko dzinoguma dzatanga kukamukana mukati memijaho, bva shiviriro inoramba iripo. Vanochengeta zviito zvendangariro zvendangariro zvamasikirwo, unyanzvi (sokufanana nohuna Mitsuha yegamuchidzanwa kusona yakachinjikira kuTaki kamwe kamwe kamwe), uye pfungwa huru yokuti chimwe chinhu chinokosha chakabviswa. Ikoku kunovambirana noruzivo rwokuberekwa narwo rwechinzwa: apo chikepe chinochinja, kurukurirano yendangariro neiyi mifungo inovarira mberi. [muto yemimwe , NW] Kumwe neimwe mirangariro yendangariro). Vazivi vanoramba kuva nemhizha rendangariro duku. [Mitsu]

Chinetso Chokushanda Kwepfungwa Mumuviri

Muviri unoshandisawo tripe yemifanikiso yemifungo miviri: ndangariro nemuviri ndezvinhu zvakasiyana, uye munhu amene ndewendangariro. Bva bhaisikopo inonetsa kutsaura kwakaisvonaka. Kana kuziva kwaTaki kuchigona kugara mumuviri wechikadzi (munamato), bhaisikopo rinotsamira pamifungo yemifungo miviri miviri miviri: pfungwa nemuviri ndezvinhu zvinosiana, uye muviri wacho umene unova nendangariro yakasiyana. Chinoumba chapasi pose chinooma kurangarira kuti muviri uyu wakatsvindana. Chiratidzo chaTiki-in-Mitsuha chinochinja nenzira yomuzvarirwo namanyoro, kutaura kwakapfava, napameso. Papose pano Mitsu-haki yemiti yemino yemiviri inovanda pakati pemiviri yemiviri yemiviri, kana kuti inoramba kuva muviri wakachena. Mune mirangariro mizhinji inodzoro yemifungo inoshanda pakati pemiviri yemiviri, asi inoramba kuoneka pakati pemifungo miviri.

Kuzivikanwa Somugadziri Wounyanzvi uye Wokubata

Rimwe ramashoko akavanzika zvikuru asi ane simba zvikurusa nderokuratidzira kuzivikanwa. Mitsuha, apo anenge ari mumuviri waTaki, anofanira kugamuchira zvisazitasingwi zvechirume, mutauro womuviri unonyengera zvikuru, uye masimba akasiyana - siyana enzanga. Taki, iye zvino achiva nekariro dzakanyarara dzakaiswa pavakadzi vaduku muruwa rweJapan. Nguva idzi dzinoratidzira murangariro waJudith Butler wokushanda kwevarume nevarume: kuzivikanwa, zvikurukuru kuva murume, hakusi chinhu chaichoicho chomukati asi simo yakarongwa yakaitwazve yezviito zvinoratidzika kuva zvomuzvarirwo. Kuchinja kunobvisa kubviswa nokuda kwokuva munhukadzi, kuchiuzivisa semanyoro anogona kuzivikanwa, kugumburwa, kupfurikidza, uye kunyange kushatsaniswa.

Ikoku kunonzwika zvikuru nekurukurirano dzapanguva ino pamusoro pezviito zvevatano nezivikanwo inokura yokuti kunzvera hakusi chinhu chisingazivikanwi. Chikamu chinokura chenzvero nehurukuro yavose chinosimbisa kuti zvizvarwa zviduku zvinorangarira sei kuva munhurume nechimiro panzvimbo pokumira. 2022 Nzvero yePurcent Center yePrecing [ inonyora kuti kunzvera kwavechiduku paIndaneti kunowanzobatanidza kunzvera namashoko okuyera, kubvisa mitsetse pakati pechinoitika uye kurangarira kuti tinokwanisa kuratidzira. Kuratidzira muviri kusati sokutyisa asi sokuzvinzwira tsitsi uye kuziva kwedu, [FLTL:] Zita rako [FF] [F]]

Kuzivikanwa Kusingachinji Nokuzviziva

Mufungo wouzivi wa [[FLT: 0] unoreva . Pfungwa yokuti tinozvinzwisisa timene kupfurikidza nenhau dzatinovaka pamusoro poupenyu hwedu (inokosha ku Zita Rako[. Vazivi vakadai saPaul Ricēur vakarangarira kuti ungwaru hahuwanwi mukuzviparadzanisa asi hunoshandurwa nomunhambo yenhau dzinobatanidza tinobva muyeuko dzedu, ukama, uye zvishuvo. Taki naMitsuha vanopeta nomukamurano inopfuudzwa, isati iri yogaro: mitengo yenhau pamashekero yakavanzika, yendangariro dzinonyangarika kufanana nemheteve, uye mbiri dzinoparadzaniswa nemukano inoparira kunenge kurwisana kwadzo.

Rwendo rwaMitsuha runobaya mwoyo zvikuru. Iye anoshuva kubva mutaundi rake duku, achirwisana nemabasa okugara nhaka nekariro dzechikaro. Zviito zvake zvinochinja muviri neTaki zvinomubvumira kuedza upenyu hwomuguta hwaanoda, asi anomutsawo dikanwo huru yokunyora nhau yake amene panzvimbo pokungonzvenga mamiriro ake ezvinhu. Taki, zvinopesana, anovamba semukomana weguta wemuguta anowirirana nechaiye, kungosimbisa bedzi kuti pfungwa yake yokuzvifunga haina chinangwa chaanomupa. Zviratidzo zvose zvinokura nokutarisana nemipata, kupokanidzana, uye zvakavanzika munhau dzavo dzakajeka. Vazivi vanocherekedza kuti kuzivikanwa kwakasimba kweupenyu hwemunhu mumwe chete, asi kunongova bedzi kuva nerevo revo guru. Chiono ichi chinosanonzvera chiono chendangariro chendangariro chamanzwiro. Chikwane pfungwa yepfungwa yakasiyana - diki. Chikwaro chemitsu chitsva: Ruzivo rwose runokura zvikuru nokuda kwezvimwe chiono chorudo chakava chitsva chamashoko chorudo. Chitsva hachidzo chiri chose hachidzo chiri chokuda kuedza kupfupikisa.

Iyi nzira yenhauro inoramba iri inokosha zvikuru. Munyika yakazara nenhau dzenzanga dzinotevedzerwa, isu tose tiri vanyori venhau dzedu timene dzemitemo. Firimu yacho inobvunza chose chose: ishanduroi yenhau yacho yechokwadi? iyo tinouya paIndaneti, yatinoyeuka, kana kuti imwe yatinonzwisisa? Zita Rako [ rinotiyeuchidza kuti chizivikanwo chinogutsa haisi mhinduro yakatsiga asi nhau inofanira kuramba ichigadziridzwa, zvikurukuru apo batano itsva dzinotiita kuti tibudise zvirongwa zvakanaka.

Kushamwaridzana, Kuva Woga, uye Kuzvishandisa Pachako

Pamavambo ebhaisikopo iri pane mhesano yebatano yazvino uno. Taki naMitsuha vakaparadzaniswa nedaro chairo, nguva, uye pakupedzisira kunyange yeuko, bva vanochemedzana noukuru hunonzwa sohunenge hwomudzimu. Tsinga tsvuku yejambwa (wwhen East Asian syphraphimes inoratidzira vadiwa vakatemerwa netambo isingaoneki) vachimhanya nomufirimu, yakarovererwa chaizvoizvo muMitsuha yakakaruka. Bva tati inopukunyukawo, inopukunyuka kunyange apo kuyeuka kunokundikana. Uku kurangarira kwapanguva ino inowirirana netsika: tinonzwa kuti tisati tatongosangana zvikuru navanhu mumunhu, nepo kazhinji kazhinji tinotamburira kuchengeta kuvapo naavo vari pedyo nomuviri.

Ruzivo rwokuzviwanira harusiriri chinhu chinoshatisa mu Zita Rako. Firimu inotora ushoma hunogona kuramba huri pakati peitwero. Miti yemakombiyuta nemunzanga inobvumira Taki naMitsuha kusiya mamwe mashoko, asi mafabheti edhayari anonyangarika pasina tsananguro iyo ichava inorovedzeka kumunhu upi noupi akarongedza nokufara zvikuru. Munzanga yazvino uno, umo kuzivikanwa kwakawanda kwemafirimu kunoitika. Madhimoni anowana chimiro che kunzwika mubatanidzwa ne kusati kwambova nechazivikanwa namamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyange kutokusvika kusimba rokunze kwendangariro, kunyange kutosvika kujeka.

Uyu musoro unobva mufundo dzekurumidziro patapuro dzesociation pazivikanwo. Vanzveri vakawana kuti nepo paIndaneti pesplat paivhure nzvimbo dzokunzvera chiratidzo, vanogonawo kuputsa zviitiko zvokuzvibatanidza nokuwedzera zvokubuda ( Nzvero, 2022[FLT]]). Zita rako [[FLT:]] haripi mhinduro yakapfupika, asi shinda yaro tsvuku inopa chiratidzo chapashure pokupinda mubatanidzwa icho zvisungo zvine revo zvinogona kupukunyuka. Muzera apo ukama hunogona kubviswa nesvo, kutenda kwose kunonzwa kusaripiri.

Uchokwadi uye Kutsvaka Revo Zvinovapo

Pamwero wakadzama, Zita Rako rinogona kuraviwa sengano iripo pamusoro penzvero ye youzivi hwezvaari. Jean-Paul Sartre pisticism posit kuti “chinhu chakavanzika chinotangira” "somhuka] chisiko chavanhu hachiberekwi nechisiko chakasipo asi chinofanira kuzvigadzira vamene kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo nezvirongwa. Zvose zvinotanga sezviratidzo zvinorondedzerwa zvikurukuru nemhoteredzo dzavo: Mitsuha kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yake yematukero uye upenyu hwomumaruwa, kupfurikidza nebasa rechikoro uye rutivi rwebasa muTokyo. Mbango dzomuviri hausati uchitongova anozvida kuti zvive.

Iyi rwendo runokosha runodzokororwa mukubatwa kwenguva nerakarasika kwefirimu. Njodzi yecomet iyo inotyisidzira taundi raMitsuha inotyisidzira nhau yacho nokungwara kukuru kwoukuru. Muzivi Martin Heidegger akarangarira kuti kunangana norufu kunogona kutinyandura mukuwirirana kwezuva riri rose uye mukurarama kwechokwadi. Zita rako , kumira kwendangariro kwenzanga yose uye kushata kweyeuko yeyeuko sechinomori, kukurudzira vanhu vose vari vaviri kuita chiito pamberi pokunyanyova madekwana. Shoko racho rakajeka: chiziviso hachisi nhaka isingashandi asi chirongwa chinoshanda, uye kuvimbika kunoda kurwisana nezvinhu chaizvoizvo zvenzanga yose uye kuparadza.

‘ Zita Rako Sechionioni KuSosaiti Yazvino Uno

Zita Rako rakasvika panguva yekupinda kwetsika yenyika yose, uye misoro yaro youzivi inonzwa yakakomba zvikuru nhasi. Kuzivikanwa kwainonzvera hakusati kuchingovazve chishandiso chemhesano; rinoratidzira kurukurirano chaidzoidzo dzenyika pamusoro pechirume, kuzvidzvinyirira, uye kushaikwa kwoungwara kwomunhu oga. Kutsvaka kwechokwadi pakati poruzha rwemichina kunoratidzira denda roushoma iro vatsigiri vezvoutano hwendangariro vave vachisimbisa. Uye murairo wokuita nhauro ine revo inobva muzvinoitika zvakapunzi dzinotaura zvakananga kuchizvarwa chomunguva yemberi isingadeyi kudzo yezve zvoupfumi nefunganyo yemhoteredzo yazvo.

Fakitari yacho haigoveri mhinduro dziri nyore. Kusanganazve kwaTaki naMitsuha pakuguma kunovhiringidza, vanonzwa kukwezva kwemashiripiti asi havagoni kuyeuka chikonzero nei. Uku kumhara kwakapfava kunoratidza kuguma kwemibvunzo mizhinji youzivi: chisarudzo chakazara, chakarongwa hachibviri uye zvichida chinodikanwa. Zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zviri muitiro unopfuurira wokutsvaka. Munzanga inoda kuva nechokwadi chakakwana, kana kuti ani, watinoda, zvatinodavira, Zita rako rinoomerera nounyoro kuti mubvunzo wacho umene uri munhu mukuru kupfuura mhinduro ipi neipi yokupedzisira. Kukanganwa uye kubatirirasa; kurasikirwa namashoko asi kuchengeta batano; kuchinja mitumbi nokudzoka nemimwe inovakwa.

Uyezve, kugamuchirwa kwetsika kunosimbisa uzivi hwayo. Vatsoropodzi navatsinhiri vetsika vakacherekedza kuti basa raShinnai rinoshanda sei sechiyereso chekurukurirano pamusoro pezivikanwo yepwere dzazvino uno dzeJapan uye, zvakafara zvikuru, funganyo dzemireniyumu ( CR]CR ye [ Zita Rako [[FLT]]] [[FLT:]]] [FLT]]]]). Ruzhowa rutsvuku rwakagamuchirwa sedimikira sedimizero yemichina yemichina yemichina: tinonzwa tichiita kuti tibata vanhu uye zvinoitika pamapuraneti, bva mashiti akaoma sezvaakajeka zvakajeka. [FLT:] Zita rako [FFF]

Kupedzisa: Rwendo Rwusina Kutsarukana Rwokuzvitonga

Zita Rako [[FLT: 1] rinobatanidza matpesi ekare nefunganyo dzenguva ino zvikuru mufivha inoparirano inoorora yeuzivi (81) kunyange zvazvo shoko rokuti “kurangarira” pachako kunokuvadza , mufananidzo webhaisikopo yakarukwa unodzivisa kuti chiratidzo chiri nyore kupfurikidza nokuzvinyudza umene muunyanzvi, muitiro wetsika. Kutsvaka kwainoratidzira kuva kufungisisa kuri kwoga asi kurasika kwomuviri nendangariro, iwe umene, uye kumwe kukanganwa, jambwa nechisarudzo. Uko kwakaona chiratidzo muyeuko naSartre zvichioneka mumabasa apachena, bhaisika chikarakadza chiono pedyo nokuzvidzoresa nezvinovapo: isu tinova vatapukudziridza, tinoshandisa nhau dzokuwana, tinoramba tichiwana ushingi kuti tipfuure.

Nokuda kwenzanga inogara ichingova noungwaru hwokuzviitira, mativi echirume, uye kusiiwazve, Zita Rako rinopa tariro, kana kusvinurira, nzwisiso. Chizivikanwo haisi nhare inofanira kudzivirirwa asi mvura, kurukurirano inopfuurira. Nguva apo tinonzwa tarasika zvikuru (apo miviri yedu inonzwa yakasiyana, yeuko inokundikana, mararamiro edu neatcape , angavawo nguva apo mibvunzo yechokwadi pamusoro pokuzvifunga inobuda. Firimu yacho haivimbisi kuti mibvunzo iyoyo ichapindurwa, asi kuti kunzvera kunoramba, kunoitwa mukuwirirana kwechokwadi uye kuvavarira, zvinoita kuti upenyu huve nerevo. Sezvicho tsuna pakupedzisira, “zita rako ripi?" mubvunzo wacho unova mudariro.