Chiratidzo ibasa rokunyengetedza upenyu kubva kukusagadzikana. Mhiri kwezana ramakore rokuedza, boka duku renyanzvi ne mainjiniya rakanzvera ganhuriro dzokufamba, mirangariro, uye uchokwadi hwemiviri. Pakati pamasimba anochinja zvikurusa munhau iyoyo pane vagadziri vakatendeudzira ngwariro yavo mukati-kati. Ava vagadziri, pamwe chete vakayeukwa se “mapiona, akanzwisisa nheyo iyo zvino inoratidzika kuva iri pachena asi yaichimbova kutsauka kukuru: kufamba kwoumbiki, kupfurikidza nokufunda maatry, maainjinia, uye pakupedzisira kunyora namashoko oumbishingi. Vapa mugadziri mashoko anokwanisa kutsanangurazve icho muitiro ungagona kuita uye kunzwa.

Shoko rokuti “mabhonzo” muaya mashoko akapoteredza ndeedimikira. Mukumira uye kufambisa mashoko. Mumashandiro, yakarondedzera masimbi aishanda semanyuko anogadziridzwa zvishoma. Mumadhiramu emestoskeleton amaoko, yairatidzira kupandukira kupfava kwemifananidzo yapakuvamba yakanyorwa nerabha inotsigira mapfundo, uremu, uye mavara akasimba. Mumichina yekombiyuta, yakava girabhu yemagean metrom / as digister yenots inoumba mendish. Munhambo iri yose, mapiona haasati achipendwa nerobhurasi. Zvaazvo haasati achipfigwa kure nezvinoitika zvomumiziyamu; zvinofamba nomumaserokosi ose, mumiitiro yemiitiro yetsika, uye kunyange mumiitiro yokuvhiya.

Kuoma Kwechinjo Yeboka

Kare kare apo maayimator asati arova keshi imwe, chinetso chokufambisa makumbo pasina mhinduro iri nyore. Kuedza kwekare kwefirimu kwakarapa zvidhori nemifananidzo sezvimiro zvakati sandara kuti zviitwezve. Migumisiro yakanga yakanaka asi isina uremu. Mabhanzi akaziva kuti kufamba kunotangira pamadziro egumbo. Kutenderera hakungofambi makumbo bedzi; ivhudzi regumbo rinotenderera, musana unofambisa, musana unovhurumuka, mapfudzi anotema mapfudzi. Kupfurikidza nokuisa uku kurangarira mugadzirirwo musikirwo muzvinhu zvavo, aya mainnovater anochinja kuratidzira kutsika kubva panzvimbo yapamusoro kuenda kugadziriro.

Ichi chiitiko chakanga chisiri chimwe. Chakatanga kumira mumashopu anogadzira zvinhu, patafura dzokudhirowa mumascao makuru, uye gare gare mumarabhora ekombiyuta. Oirigboned machiniginist, vagadziri vemadhiropu vakarovedzwa nenyanzvi dzemakombiyuta, uye PDP.Prnonbot vakabatsira. Chakavabatanidza kwaiva kuramba kubata vanhu semateru. Vakavaka kubva mukati, uye vakaita kudaro, vakagadzira hwaro hwenzira dzose dzakatevera.

Skeleton Crew yaStom makungwa: Vachenjeri Senyanzvi

Munzvimbo yemifananidzo mitatu yakaitwa, matehwe aiwanzova chiumbwa chaichoicho chesimbi. Willis O’Brien, tapuro dzinooneka dzinotevera Nyika Yakarasika [[[FLT] [1925] uye yapakuvamba] King Kong [[[FLT]] [[FLT] [[33] [33]), yakanyandura kushandiswa kwebhora rakavhenga riri shure [[FLT] naslockèat argions. Izvi zvakanga zvisiri zvimiro zvehwainjini. O’Brien zvakanga zviri zvisarukwa zvetsika zvesimbi nesarira, namapfundo aigona kuparira kumisa kumira kudzorwa kwemapfumba.

O’Brien’s proté Ray Harryhausen akakwidziridza kukura kuva unyanzvi hwakaisvonaka. Pabasa rinopfuudza mafirimu akadai se [[FLT:]] Muitiro we7 weSinbad[[FLT] [[FLT]] uye [[FLT] [[FLT]] na [[FOLT]] Jason naArgonauts , Harryhazenguences yanatsiridza chaakaitumidza Dynam's's. Mugumisiro waipira waidzwa nechekero. Mutengwa waidzo waidzo. [7]

Tsika yacho yakapfuurira ne Filpitt, ine gadziriro yeGothion ye Umambo Hunorova Nhaka yemota kuti idhireyinei chaizvoizvo. Ikoku kwakabvumira chidhirori kufamba zvishoma mukati momuvharizo wakazaruka, kuvamba kufamba kusingabviri kubva pamira yegamuchidzanwa. Zvakare, kutanga kwakanga kwakasimbiswa muura; arkish yaifanira kuva yakasimba zvakakwana kugamuchira mubatanidzwa wokufambisa apo aichingopfuudza mapfundo akavanzika anopfuudza kufema, madenderedzwa, uye kutyiswa kwetsandanyama mhenyu. Vaimbi ava vaivo vose vakabvumikisa kuti rudzi rwamavadziko yakagadzwa.

Mazambiringa Anokwezva: Kubva Kuchipambu Chokuzviraura Kusvika Kuchinoyevedza

Panguva imwe cheteyo, kupandukira kwakanga kuchitanga munyika ye2D kuratidzira. Muma 1920, mabhii akaitwa kubva mu “ruber pain” makumbo nemakumbo aioneka aivhiringika kwose, asina kungwara nemapfupa kana kuti joini. Mugadziri wacho wakanga uri mvura asi usina uremu uye magadzirirwo. PaDisney nedzimwe horoudhio, chizvarwa chitsva chenyanzvi dzemifananidzo chakavamba kufunda mhuka nomuviri womunhu noukuru hwevarapi vezvokurapa. Vakanzvera kuti musana unokona sei, kuti bhande ramapfumbu rinodzorwa sei, uye kuti joko rinodzosa sei kufamba kwegumbo. Vaivavariro yavo yakanga isiri chaiyoiyo nokuda kwayo, asi kuratidzirwa kune simba zvikuru kwakabva patsika yapanyika.

Maatomical akafanana ne Bill Tytla uye Vladimir Tytla] akafananidzirwa neiyi nzira. Anoshanda pamavara akadai samambokadzi akaipa mu [[FLT:]] Muchena [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [5] uye dhemoni Chernabog [mu] Fantasiasia[, akasika anoparira kunzwika kwomukati. Zvose zvairatidzika kuva zvakabva mumapfupa. Mugumisiro wakanga uri rudzi rwavanhu vaigona kurangarira mumiviri yavo vamene. Chinjo inodzo chemitengo chamatooka chakaitwa mu “FLTY] mumutauro unona.

Mapfupa Anoshandisa Michina: Kuchinja Kunoita Zvinhu

Kuchinja kwemifanikiso yekombiyuta kuma1970 na 1980 kwakaita kuti Mabhonzo ave matsva zvikuru. Vatsvakurudzi paUniversity of Utah neNew York Institute of Technology vakagadzira chinetso chakaoma: kuti ungafamba sei sechinhu pasina kugadziridza giramu imwe neimwe. Yakanga iri jira remitedhiyo. Nokugadzira dare ramapfundo namapfupa mukati momufananidzo, uye kunamata jira pamusoro pechipfuva, mapfupa rimwe raigona kupfumisa rutivi rwose. Iyi yakanga iri shanduro yemitengo yemitengo year - argen.

Pakati pavatsigiri vekare zvikuru pakanga pane Catmull uye Fred Parke. Catmull, gare gare chinyorwa chePixar, chakaedzwa nemifananidzo yemaoko nemaziso. Parke akasika imwe yemichina yokutanga yechiso, inodzorwa nechivako chechomukati. Basa ravo, rinonyorwa mu [[FLT:] SigGRAPH sh renhau [, rakatanga fault younyanzvi yetsika dzose dzazvino uno. Nhasi, chiratidzo mumufananidzo wefirimu haisati iri chinhu chinotenderera; yakaunganidzwa nemira kudzongo inodzorwa namazana emite yemite yemite yemite yemitengo.

Software seAutodesk Maya yakaita kuti iyi mifungo isvike kuindasitiri yakafara. Maya midziyo yokushandisa negadziriro dzemasero ibvumidza vadhiroyi kuvaka mapfupa echipfuva, kushandisa makemikari akasiyana-------imwe, uye shooka yeganda. Dragoni iri yose mu [FLT] Games yeTHROS, imwe neimwe mufirimu yeMiti inopenya yeZulu, uye mutorwa ari wose muSciphâfi hor inopa. Asi paipi yacho pachaiwo iripo nemhaka yamapiona ayo akatanga kufungidzira kwete pamusoro pevhu, asi sechikafuru.

Kuchinja Kwakaita Unyanzvi Hwacho

Mapiona emapfupa haana kungovaka bedzi mapfupa ari nani; akagadzira nzira dzokubatanidza idzo dzakachinja nzira yokushandisa nayo zvifananidzo.

Kufamba Kwamapfupa Kunonyanyisa

Thrashnîd stretch yakaremara giramu yemutambi. Mapiona akawedzera uremu hutsva: kukatutsira nzvimbo nenzvimbo yemajoini akadzika kutengesa urema nesimba. Mumestommotion, ikoku kwakareva kuti joini rakakomba raigona kupfuudzwa kupfuura rendi chaiyo chaiyo, bva kufamba kwacho kuchiri kurava kwechokwadi nemhaka yokuti mufungo wechibage , ruoko rwechikwapanyo chairirwa nechembere yakachengetwa. Mu 2D, kwakatungamirira kuiratidza apo musana wose wakanamirwa kubva muchiuno, namapfudzi nomusoro uchitevera muchimiro chakajeka, mapfupa. Iyi nzira yakatonge ichiri yechokwadi nemhaka yezviito zvinopwirira zvikuru.

Uzivi Hwevagadziri

Pakati pechikamu chayo, shoo yemasero etsika dzinosimbisa kuti magadzirirwo ose emavara anotanga negadziriro yomukati inodzidzwa. Kunyange kudhirowa mafiti kana kuti kugadzira maburo, mudhirowa wokutanga kurondedzera rivhorosi, musana, mabhonzo, uye mapfundo emakumbo. Kufamba kunovharwa nokudzikiswa nokuvhura mupendero wechikamu ichi chejira, uye pamusoro panotevera. Nzira inobvumira magadzirirwo okufamba anobvumira kufambazve uye madenderedzwa asingachinjiki. Zvisikwa zvaHarryhausen hazvina kugadzirwa nevhu; zvikamu zvazvo zvinoumba zvisarira kudzokororwazve kuti zvigone kutsamira pachinhu chimwe chetecho chazvino. Nheyo yokufambisa mashoko azvino unona , apo mateverwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inonzi “biding . proglet productions aits .

Kuoma Kunzwisisa

Mapiona eMafupa akatanga kugadzira mafikicha akaparadzana nendege dzakasiyana - siyana. Munzvimbo dzinomira zvinhu, chinhu chakaoma chingabatanidza chisikwa chakazvitangira pachacho, chikara chakafanana nechinhu chakazvimirira, gare gare chakabatanidzwa mukamera kana kuti maziso. Mu2D, musoro womunhu, torso, uye makumbo zvaigona kutorwa pamwero wakasiyana, uye negumbo rimwe nerimwe raigona kuiswa panguva yaro. Izvi zvaibvumira kuti pave nechirwerendo chemvura, musoro wakasununguka, uye ruoko rwaidzoka kuti ive pasina kuputsanyanisa ganda.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwevakura

Materu esimbi echinyakare akafambira mberi zvinoshamisa. Materu esimbi eO’Brien akanga akasimba asi akarema. Zvikamu zvechiHarryhausen zvakapfaviswa, zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka zvakashandisa zvikamu zvinochinjana ndokubvumira michina mizhinji inotenderera pajoini rimwe nerimwe guru. Phil Timpett akasunda pfungwa yacho naGoàmotion, nepo gare gare gare akamisa mastudio esimbi akafanana neLaika akapfuurira kunyunguruka ne 3DÍgrafective zviso zvinomira padenderedzwa rimwe chete. Munzvimbo yemichina, arpixdentive yakava divitio, yakawedzerwa nezvinodzora. Kunyange zvakadaro pfungwa yepakati pemapfupa anogona kuiswa, kiyi, uye tframed , uye tplastingssss as as as as as as as as as procept arocted arocted aroctal aroctivess anoitwa neProne progue anoitwa nemapiyona.

Nhaka Inochinja Zvinhu Zvose

Kushanda kwemafupa anodzorwa nejeko rekufunga kwakatambanuka kupfuura kurumbidzwa kwemafirimu mashoma akakurumbira. Nhasi, vara reTD (Mutungamiriri wemabhaisikopu) ndirimwe remabasa anokosha zvikuru mukugadzirwa. Rigling(kugadzirwa kwematein emicca neroaric systems) inyanzvi. Anonakisa anosarudza mutungamiriri wegumbo, anoitenderera, uye ruoko rwemitauro runomonesa, deforms, uye kurema kwamanomano okurema kunoonekwa nemhaka yokuti mukapfupapo wakavakwa zvakarurama. Iri basa, zvino rinoreverwa pamastudition sePix, Droms Loals, naCrist & Magcial, mutever anobva mutem yezvitoro zvechiteshi.

Kubata ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu nemotokari kunowedzera batano. Kana mutambi akapfeka sutu yemocap, zviratidzo zvinoiswa pamicherechedzo inoisa mapfundo emapfupa (81), magokora, mahudhu. Mashoko akabatwa anofambisa matehwe emichina, uye mapfupa anosunda mavara. Injini dzemitambo dzakadai seUnity neUnreal Engine dzinoda mudhuro neganda, apo pesvedzero yepfupamapfupa rimwe nerimwe inopendwa nokuedzwa. Indasitiri yevaraidzo yose inowirirana, kuvambira patatu YHWHA kuiendi, inovakwa panheyo yokufunga mifungo. Mapiona aisagona kuve akakarira kuti Fortni kana kuti VR, asi ivo vakanyora mapulani.

Simba rekugadzira zvinhu rinotoshandiswa kutevedzera mameno emasero kuti agadzirire masero, kuronga kuvhiyiwa kwemapfupa, uye kurovedza varapi. Kunyatsoongorora kuganhurirwa kwemajoini, uwandu hwemapfupa, uye musimboti wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu panzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo zvino zvinobatsira nyanzvi dzekiriniki nevanzveri kunzwisisa mafambiro evanhu. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mapiyona anoshandisa chokwadi chese chine chokuita nokufamba: kana uchigona kuvaka nokudzora mapfupa, unogona kutevedzera upenyu.

Kubva Seri Kwezviono Kusvika Kunzvimbo Yapakati: Kudzorera Mapiona

Kwemakumi emakore, mapiona eMabhono aivhiya zvisinganzwisisiki. Vagadziri vemichina yokufambisa mashoko vaiwanzoonekwa sevagadziri vemabhanki vakasiyana - siyana pamicheto yeindasitiri ye2D. Vachenjeri vavo vaiva zvishandiso zvokugadzira zvinhu, vaisapemberera mifananidzo. Masayendisiti ekombiyuta ainyora madhigineti okutanga aibudiswa mumagazini edzidzo, kure nemaziso avose. Harryhausen amene akawana kuzivikanwa kwakapararira gare gare gare muupenyu. Vagadziri vemifananidzo vakawanda vaigadzira zvinhu zvokugadzira kana kuti kugadzira basa rokugadzira zvinhu. Makombiyuta anoramba achinyora magiramu emagetsi emagetsi echipafoni anoramba asingazivikanwi nevoruzhinji vateereri.

Sezvineiwo, masangano ari kushanda zvino kururamisa chinyorwa. Kuratidzira pa [FLT: 0] Migodhi yeMufanikiso Unofamba. uye Academy Museum of Motion Pictures [[ yaratidza mascape esimbi akanyatsoiswa, madhiramu okuratidza magiramu echinyakare, madhiramu okunyora ane mapepa, uye kuvamba CGIdiating. Manyoro negadziriro dzokudzorera zvino zvino zvino kuva nehanya nokutsanangura kuti muchina wakagadzirwa sei, kuti mumirimo womuviri wakanga wakadzikama wakadzikamiswa sei, uye kuti mutoo wakawana sei unyanzvi. Nyanzvi pa [FLT:] Socie processions Flugity for Fulting [FFFF] jactive chinyorwa chayo. Chinyorwa chapakuvamba chapakuvamba chinoitwa sei kuti chishake kuva.

Kudzidzisa Vavaki Vamabhonzo Vanotevera

Uzivi hwemapiyona eMabhonzo zvino yava chinhu chehwaro hwedzidzo. Mumadhigirii neIndaneti jootacamps, vadzidzi vanotanga nokudzidza magariro emapfupa chaiwo. Vanodzidza mazita emapfupa, madivi, madivi, uye manamatire aanawo. Ipapo bedzi vanogadzira joini rinowirirana. Vanodzidziswa kubvunza: Kurema kwacho kuripi? Chikamu chomusana chinotsigira sei kusvetuka, kurova, kana kuti kugomera?

Kopengaya zvinokamura midziyo yaita kuti dzidzo iyi ikuru. Gadziriro yokuwedzera yetengi yemateru, ine zviteshi zvayo zvinodzivisa mapfupa nouremu . Zvishandiso zvinopa piritsi zvinowanika pachena. Online-mcrometics pawnlitetics, maseilmagnetic, uye mavhiri amonero anoruramisa zvinhu pakati pezvisakiso zvikurusa nokuda kwokurumbidza maaimator. Vagadziri vemichina vedendefa vari kugadzira mipfupidhiro inochengeta matengi samapurani anooneka, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vachishandisa Xûray aesthetics kana kuti kuratidza muchina wokugadzira mukati mepu yenhau. Mitambo ino inovarira nguva dzose mafirimu apo chidhiro chakavanzika chisino chakavanzika asi chisino chakavanzika chebasa.

Muindasitiri yacho, mutauro wemapfupa unogara uchipararira. Chigadzirwa chakanaka chinorumbidzwa nokuda kwokuva ne “mapfupa akachena,” apo munhu asina kusimba anonzi ane“ mapfupa akaputsika.” Kuongorora kunenge kuri kumwe kunokosha zvikuru mukugadzirwa. Pfungwa yacho yazova mufananidzo wesimba renheyo. Pamberi pokuwedzera mvere, jira, kana kuti ukomba, mapfupa anofanira kuva akanaka. Mazai aya akapiwa zvakananga nemapiyona apakuvamba, uye anoramba achiumba zvisarudzo zvokusika zveboka rimwe nerimwe rinogadzira kuti rivake unhu.

Mugumisiro: Zvikonzero Zvokufamba Zvisina Kunyarara

Kumuka kwemapiona eMabhonzo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru, uye zvakanatsiridzwa zvikuru mumhindumupindu dzemifananidzo inotenderera. Nokuisa basa ravo pamapfupa, vakavhara mukaha pakati pezvidhori zvisingaoneki nezvinoitwa mundangariro. Kupfurikidza nokufamba kwakanyanyisa kwemapfupa, kugadzirwa, kuoma kunenge kwakaita, uye kugadziridzwa kusingachinji kwemaarrime ose ari maviri, vakagadzira mutauro uyo zvino anodimburira muromo. Kumira . Zvikamu zvamadinousirono zveO’Brien, mapepa apakuvamba echinyakare eCatmull, uye mabharapidhi akaisvonaka enhau yanhasi ndiwo maganhuro ose anhasi.

Kubvuma aya mapiona anoita zvinopfuura kuwedzera mazita. Inoisa mifungo yazvino uno mumutsara wedzinza wechinetso chisingaregi kusimudzika uyo ainzwisisa kuti kuita fungidziro youpenyu kunotanga kuraira kuvaka scaffant. Chipo chawo chisingaoneki zvikuru kuvateereri (yakavharwa pasi pemvere, masero, kana kuti ganda ramagetsi) asiro chinhu chimwe chinokosha zvikurusa mumashiripiti. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runoenda kuAIN.AN.D.D Rwendo rwekufambisa mashoko netsinga rwenyungu, chidzidzo chikuru chinoramba chisingachinjiki: kufamba kuri kwose kunovamba nemapfupa.