Kuyamba kwa Nyumba Yoyendetsera Ochita Mayeso

Toei Opie . Mkati mwa ma 761950, makampani a mafilimu a Japan anatchuka ndi ma shiptodio monga Shochiku, Toho , ndi Daiei. Zochita zoyerekezera zinali zosachitikachitika, zokwera mtengo, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zinachokera ku United States kapena Yuropu. Oyambitsawo . Iwo anathandizidwa ndi gulu la Mafilimu a Toei, Hiroshi Ikawa, ndi Eiiichi Yamoto(mwanowzz mwa kumanga mpata wokhoza kukonza nyumba yopangira mafilimu okongola omwe angapikisane mwachindunji ndi kutuluka kwa Walt Disney. Iwo anathandizidwa ndi Sei, filimu yaikulu yopanga filimu yokhudzana ndi kufalikira. Syptopy, Toei, Toei.

Kuyambira pachiyambi, oyambitsawo anazindikira kuti mkhalidwe wokhalitsa unafunikira malo ozungulira. Iwo anatenga luso lapamwamba kuchokera ku Nihon Doga studio yolimbana ndi kwina kulikonse, kuphatikizapo Yasuji Mori, amene akakhala wojambula ndi wojambula wa nthano, ndi Akira Daikukuhara, mkulu wa zinthu zingapo zoyambirira. Nyumba zamakono zophunzitsa kwambiri, kuyambitsa njira zimene zinaphunzitsa mbali iliyonse ya dzanja, kuyambira kujambula ndi kujambula mpaka kukonza ndi kujambula. Nyumba imeneyi inalola Toei kutulutsa ntchito pa siteshoni ina iliyonse ya ku Japan. Zaka zoyambirirazo zinasonyezedwa ndi lingaliro lakale la kulinganiza: gululo anakhulupirira kuti anali kumanga luso la dziko lonse. [FT: FT: FOLD]

Pambuyo pa nkhondo inaumba zolinga za Toei. Japan anali kukonzanso chuma chake ndi chikhalidwe, ndipo mafilimu anali mtundu waukulu wa zosangulutsa. Disney adasonyezedwa ku Japan pambuyo pa nkhondo, ochititsa chidwi ndi kujambula kwawo kwamphamvu ndi kuzama. Opanga mafilimu a ku Japan anafuna kutsimikizira kuti iwo angafikire luso lofananalo. Anthu opanga mafilimu sanaone mafilimu ngati a ana koma anali okhoza kufotokoza nkhani zovuta ndi za chikhalidwe. Zimenezi zinasonkhezera anthu ambiri ku Japan, kuyambira zaka zoyambirira za ntchito zawo.

Mfundo Zofunika: Si Malogalamu Okha

Malamulo anayi amene anatsogolera Toei kuyambira tsiku loyamba(kulimba, kukongola, kusavuta kujambula, ndi kujambula, sanali okongoletsa. Anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa kusankha ntchito, kupereka bajeti, ndi kubwereza zinthu. Tiyeni tione mmene mfundo iliyonse imatembenuzidwira ku konkiri m'ntchito za situdiyo.

Kupanga

Toei analimbikitsa olemba ake ndi otsogolera kuti ayambitse nkhani zoyambirira kapena kusintha kwatsopano kwa nthano ndi mabuku, mmalo mongotsanzira zithunzi za kumadzulo. Zimenezi zinatsogolera ku ntchito ngati Papa ndi Magic Nyoka (1958]), yochokera ku nthano za Chitchaina, ndipo pambuyo pake mpambo woyambirira wonga Ufiti [1966], umene unapanga mawu atsopano achilendo. Studio inafunafuna mwamphamvu mawu osiyanasiyana ofotokoza, amene anatuluka kuchokera ku kukhala mafotokozedwe. Misonkhekhezo yake inali yaikulu, yophatikiza ndi olemba ndi otsogolera ambiri a makhalidwe ndi zigawero za anthu asanayambe kujambula. Kutsutsana kumeneku kunakomedwa ndi kutsutsana kwa kakhalidwe kamodzi.

Makhalidwe

Kulimba kwa Toei kunatanthauza mafaniziro onse aluso. Gulu la dipatimentiyi linasunga gulu lolamulira bwino lomwe lomwe linapenda zithunzi zolondola za atomatiki, zogwirizana ndi maonekedwe, ndi mawu a maganizo. Zochitika zinakonzedwanso ngati zinapereŵera, ngakhale kuti zinatanthauza ndalama zambiri. M'mafilimu oyambirira, sikunali kwachilendo kuti mafilimu onse ayambenso kujambulanso nthaŵi zambiri kuti apeze madzi ofunikira. Zimenezi zinapangitsa mafilimu ake kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino ndipo zinathandiza kuti aperekedwe. Mafilimuwo anakulanso kuti apange nyimbo ndi nyimbo; Toei kaŵirikaŵiri anatumiza mafilimu kuchokera kwa otchuka, kujambula nyimbo, kujambula nyimbo ndi kujambula nyimbo moyenerera mofanana ndi kujambula.

Kusintha zinthu

Kukonzanso kunachitidwa monga njira yowongolera kusimba nkhani, osati monga mapeto ake. Toei anali wolera makamera a maplanete ambiri, amene anapereka zithunzi zokongola lingaliro lakuya. Akatswiri a seweroli anagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi aimator kusinthira luso la zopangapanga za Japan. M'ma 1990, kusinthira ku masamu a manambala ndi composit , kulola mibulu yapamwamba ndi zowongolera. Posachedwapa, Toie wagwirizanitsa 3DCG ku 2D pa mizere yake ya ntchito, monga momwe imawonedwera mu [FLT:] Balk: Transalball : Bropt , (20:1). [FLPN: BBBB2]

Kupezeka

Kupezeka kunatanthauza kupanga mayeso kwa aliyense, osati ana kapena odzipereka. Kujambula nkhani zolembedwa ndi mitu ya padziko lonse , chilungamo, kuchitika , kutengera zinthu zachijapani. Mfundo imeneyi inathandizanso mayiko ambiri: shadiyo inayesetsa kutumiza pulogalamu yake, kaŵirikaŵiri ikumatulutsa zojambula zambiri za chinenero ndi zokhala ndi zokhalamo popanda kutaya kufotokoza kulimba. Kupezekanso kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kulongosola zinthu zocholoŵana. Kutsimikizira kuti ngakhale mndandanda wake waukulu wa [1] Chidutswa china, monga , chikhoza kusangalatsa ndi openyerera amisinkhunkhu ndi olembapo onse. Maluso ndi zolemba za m'nkhani zawo zinawonekera nthaŵi zonse, kulola openyerera atsopano kuthamanga popanda kutayana.

Mbali Zoyambirira za Panthaka

Chigawo choyamba cha Toei, chinali ntchito yaikulu. Chigawo cha Njoka Yoyera [1958], chomwe chinadziŵikanso monga Hakujaden [, chinali chochititsa chachikulu. Mamembala oposa 130,000 a gulu la anthu anathandizira pa nthaŵi yake ya 1. Kuipanga filimu yoyamba yachijapani. Chopangidwacho chinafuna kupangidwa kwa kamera yopatulidwa, imene inamangidwa kuchokera ku mafakitale a mainjiniya. Nkhani ya Chitchaina yokhudza mnyamata amene amakwatira mzimu wa njoka, kuphatikiza ziwalo, zoyerekezera, ndi maphunziro a makhalidwe abwino. Kupambana kwa banja ndi kutulutsidwa kwake kotsatira ku United States kukhoza kuima kwake. [Fopt] [Fom'.Nnyuk) yotchuka: [5]

Kutsatira zimenezo, Toei anatulutsa mpambo wa mbali zosonkhezera. [FLT: 0] Magic Boy (1859]) adasonyeza machitidwe amphamvu, kujambula pa masitediyamu a ku Japan a masitediyashi kaamba ka kulimba kwake kwa malo ozolowera. [[FLT:] Akazam Great [1960] [[FLT: 4)] adasintha [Dinjini] ndi ku West [ ndi maluso okongola ndi nyimbo zimene zimayendera limodzi ndi za kumadzulo, zizindikiro za dziko lonse lapansi. Ling Prince ndi zikopa za Sex-ediat [1] [9] [197]

Magulu ameneŵa anathandizanso kuphunzitsa mbadwo wa ojambula amene pambuyo pake akalongosola maindasitale a aima. Hayao Mizaki ndi Isao Takahata, oyambitsa a Studio Ghibli, onse aŵiri anagwira ntchito ku Toei mu 1960. Miyazaki adatumikira monga wojambula wapakati pa [FLT: 0] Gullivers Thurty Movernty [1955] [195] [195] ndipo pambuyo pake anatsogolera zochitika za [[FLT:] Boy Boy Contry [[FLT3]] [FL3]] [map])) Asayansiwo adagwiritsira ntchito ntchito njira zonse zamakono. Tana adatsogolera .

Kujambula Mafilimu pa Wailesi Yakanema: Kuyambira m’ma 1960 Kufikira m’ma 1990

Pamene wailesi yakanema inakhala yofala m'mabanja a ku Japan, Toei adagwiritsira ntchito mapaipi ake opanga kuti atulutse mpambo wa mlungu ndi mlungu. Wolf Boy Ken (1963) inali imodzi ya mawonekedwe oyambirira, koma inali [[FLT:] Ufiti [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [196] [6] (66] imene inakhala mpikisano wa . Inachititsa msungwana wamatsenga wotchedwa genre, kusonkhezera zochitika zonga Calptor Sava ndi [FLT] [FL:] [FLD] [makumi angapo]. Pambuyo pake] Kusonyeza kanema kwachipambano kwa otchuka ndi kujambula ndi kujambula kwa wailesi yakanema, ndi kuyankha kwa jansi kwa jala.

Ma 1970 anakhazikitsa [[FLT: 0] Mazinger Z (1972], imene inakhazikitsa loboti yaikulu ndi kutulutsa mwachindunji mzera wa Mecha umene unaphatikizapo Gundam [1] ndi [[FLT:] [[FLT:] Evealusion [[FLT]] ALETA . Dongosolo la kutulutsa la chiwiri linapangidwa kaamba ka liŵiro ndi kukhazikika: timagulu timagwira ntchito pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ndi nkhani zowoneka zopitiritsa. [FLT:] [FLT:] GeeGE] ndi "AT] "AFY: [FYM] "[FYMFLT] (3]) monga momwe kusonyezera kwa chivomesososo, (7]

Ma 1980 analongosoledwa ndi Ragoni Ball [[FLT: 1] (1986]), imene inakhala chochitika cha padziko lonse. Nkhondo zake zapamwamba ndi kusintha kwa kakhalidwe zinakhala chosinthira cha ntchito. Toei anasunga kusasinthasintha kodabwitsa kwa zochitika mazana ambiri, chinthu chotheka kokha chifukwa cha maphunziro ovuta ndi madongosolo abwino. Ma 1990 owonjezera [[FLT:] Sailor Moon Cholembera chake cha , chimene chinasinthanso mtsikana wamatsenga kaamba ka nyengo yatsopano mwa kuyambitsa gulu la ma heroines ndi kugogomezera kwapadera kwa anthu ndi chikondi. [FFLD] [1999] [199], cholembedwa mndandanda yambirimbirimbiri. [AF]

Maloboti Apamwamba ndi Cholowa cha Mecha

Chisonkhezero cha Toei pa mecha genre sichinganenedwe mopambanitsa. [FLT: 0] Mazinger Z (772) anayambitsa lingaliro la loboti yaikulu yoyendetsedwa ndi ngwazi, yokhala ndi zida za chithunzithunzi monga Rocket Punch ndi melea fration . Nkhanizo zinatsatiridwa ndi Mazinger [makulu [7] [7] [7]) ndi [[FLT] FOFO] Grective Grective [, imene inamenyedwa kwambiri ku Ulaya ndi ku Middle East. Makampaniwawawo samangogulitsanso makampani ambiri, amene amakhazikitsabedirediredi. Malo anasinthanso kulinganizanso kulinganiza kwa chuma. Makampani a pulogalamu, kapena mavidiyo ambiri, omwe amapanga makampani a malonda a malonda a malonda.

Roboti yaikulu kwambiri inatumikiranso monga galimoto ya maphunziro a makhalidwe abwino. Episodes kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala ndi ngwazi yolingalira za kufunika kwa kulimba mtima, kugwira ntchito limodzi, ndi kutetezera ofooka. Makhalidwe ameneŵa anapanga zisonyezero zovomerezeka kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi, kufutukula omvetsera awo. [Mkulu wa Apulogalamu], makamaka, anafikira malo a chithunzithunzi m'dziko la Aluya pambuyo poulutsidwa m’ma 1970 ndi 1980, kumene mitu yake ya kutsutsa ndi kuweruza inamveka kwa anthu akumeneko. Kufunitsitsa kwa Beiii kuwongolera zimenezi kumasonyeza miyambo yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikizapo kukonza chiwawa ndi kukambirana kwachiwawa ndi kukonza kuchuluka kwa moyo wawo padziko lonse lapansi.

Atsikana Amatsenga ndi Chisinthiko Chochititsa Chisoni

[[FLT: 0] Mwakusintha, ndi Witch [[FLT: 1] adayambitsa zonsezi, koma Toei anawongolera njirayo ndi Cutie Uchi , imene inasintha ntchito, kusintha, ndi progani yamphamvu ya akazi. Maseŵerowo anali odziŵika chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kofulumira, kumene kunakhala kutchuka kwa uje, kumene kunakhala mbali yaikulu ya genre. Kenako kunabwera [[FLT: 4.] Sailorin [[FL:5], kumene kunayambitsa gulu la heroines okhala ndi maumunthu, a m'mbuyo, ndi maluso. Kugwirizana, chikondi, ndi kukula kwaumwini, ndi kupambana kwake kwa dziko lonse. Kuwonjezeza ndi kupambana kwanga kwanga kwanga kwanga kwanga kwanga kwanga, ndi kuphatikizaponso vidiyo, ndi kujambula, mavidiyo, ndi kujambula, mavidiyo.

Mtsikana wamatsenga wa Toei anasonyezanso kusinthika. mpambo woyambirira unagwiritsiridwa ntchito maluso ochepetsedwa kaamba ka masinthidwe, koma [FLT: 0] Sailor Moon . Kugogomezera kwa kusandulika kwa metamorphosis kumene kunasonyezedwa ndi kutha kwa steography kuphatikiza maluso aluso. Kutsatira kumeneku kunakhala masamu a chikhalidwe, parofdy ndi otchulidwa m’ntchito zina zosaŵerengeka. Kugogomezera kwa kusandulika kwa kuwoneka kwa zaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 1, kumene kunayambitsa kujambula kwa mphamvu, kumasonyeza kuzama kumene kumasintha kwa mibadwo yambiri. Kuyambira ku in - gen ndi [FLD:2] Kupontiko [FLD] [5] [20], kumene kunayambitsa kujambula kwamphamvu, kuphatikizana kwa magetsi, kujambula ndi kujambula kwa zisonyezerotopeto za .

Kusintha kwa Zinthu: Kuchokera ku Cel Kufika ku Magetsi Otchedwa Wager mpaka ku Hybrid

Kudzipereka kwa Toei kukonza zinthu zatsopano kumaonekera bwino kwambiri m'kutengera kwake luso la zojambula. M'ma 1960, kamera ya ma studio inayamba kugwiritsira ntchito kamera yambiri ku Japan, kuwonjezera kuzama ndi kupanga malo onyenga a malo atatu. Njira imeneyi, yobwereka ndi yosintha kuchokera ku Disney, inafuna kugwirizana kolondola pakati pa woyendetsa kamera ndi wojambula mawotchi. Akatswiri a Toei anapanga makina awo a mapulaneti osiyanasiyana, amene analola kuyendetsa bwino makompyuta ndi kusiyanitsa matupikiyo.

Mu 1970 ndi 1980, kampaniyo inayesa maluso oyesera ocheperapo kuyang'anira makampani a wailesi yakanema pamene inali yosangalatsa. Toei anapanga njira yosinthira masitolo, makamaka kuti asinthe ndi kuukira kwapadera, zimene zinalola okonza zinthu kusumika mphamvu zawo pa nthaŵi zofunika. Njira imeneyi, nthaŵi zina inatsutsidwa kukhala yotayitsa, inafunikira kulinganiza ndi kupanga mochenjera kutsimikizira kuti kutsata kwa kutsatizana kwa zinthu kuwonekera m'nthaŵi zina.

Kusintha kwa manambala kwa 1990 kunali ntchito yaikulu. Toei anaikiza makompyuta ojambula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, kuphunzitsa antchito ake kugwiritsira ntchito zida zatsopano popanda kutaya m'manja . CD [1] Bungwe loyambirira lijambuliratu masamu a chel, ndi mpambo womaliza wa cel highing mest. Mafilimu onga [FL:0] Death Comment Bein Monimal Not Bōken [ (2003) imasonyeza ziyambukiro za makompyuta a makompyuta, kuphatikizapo madongosolo a maatomu ndi magalasi. Makompyuta a vidiyo analolanso kuwongolera bwino mitundu ndi kuwongolera zinthu, kuchepetsa nthaŵi yofunikira pa post.

Lerolino, Toei akugwiritsira ntchito mopido jambule 2D jakisoni wowonjezera ndi maluso a 3D ndi CGI pa zithunzi zazikulu. Zotulukapo nzowoneka mu [FLT: 0] Ball Super: Brolly [1] (2018), kumene kutsata kwa nkhondo kumagwiritsira ntchito madzi a kamera 3D pamene kukusunga luso la kamera. Chida chilichonse chatsopano chimatengedwa pa mmene chingathandizire ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya magetsi.

Kukula kwa Dziko Lonse ndi Chiyambukiro cha Chikhalidwe

Zolinga za Toei padziko lonse sizinali zongoganizira; zinali zoikidwa m'malamulo okhazikitsidwa a kupezeka. Pofika 1960, Toei anali kale kutumiza zinthu ku United States ndi Ulaya. Tale wa Nyoka Yoyera [ adatsegulidwa mu U.S. pansi pa mutu [[FLT:] [MF]] Plata ndi Magic Nyoka (filimu ina inatulutsidwa ndi mutu wofanana, kuyambitsa chisokosokoso, [[FLT:] Magic Boy [[FL:5]] [1] [zithunzi] yothandiza ndi ziŵiŵikizidwa kupambana. Kuthandiza kwa ziŵiya zina za ku . Komabe, kupambana kwa Majerevo a Zin [19904] kuthandizira kupambana kwa zivomezi.

Sailor Moon [[FLT: 1] adaikidwa mofananamo kaamba ka misika yambiri, kukhala chisonyezero cholongosola kaamba ka mbadwo wa asungwana onse kuzungulira dziko. Nkhani zotsatizana zosonyezedwa m'maiko oposa 40, zogwirizana zimene zinachotsa zilozero za chikhalidwe za Japan , koma zinasunga zolembera zenizeni za ubwenzi ndi ngwazi. Njira ya kugwirizanitsa malowo inali ya kuwonana ndi a mitundu yonse kutsimikizira kuti ilonetsa kuti ilo likhale miyezo ya wailesi yakumasunga mikhalidwe imene inawapangitsa kukhala otchuka. Izi zinafunikira kufunitsitsa kukonza zithunzi, kutchulanso zilembo, ndi zochitika zina, pamene kuli kusungitsa umphumphu kwa nkhani yoyambirira.

Toei anaimbidwanso misika m'madera a Aluya mobwerezabwereza. Anakhazikitsa madongosolo amphamvu ogaŵira ku Middle East, Latin America, ndi Southeast Asia. Amasonyeza ngati [[FLT: 0] Grendivator [1] inakhala yotchuka m'maiko Aarabu, kumene inaulutsidwa pansi pa dzina [] [] Grective] [[FLD]] [i] ndi kusonkhezera mbadwo wa maluso ndi akatswiri a zojambulajambulajambula. [FLT:] Imodzi [[FLT:] imasangalala kwambiri [ku] ku Philippines ndi India, kumene yakhala yotchuka m'zinenero zambiri ndi kuulutsidwa kwa makompyuta aakulu. Kusintha kwa zipembedzo zachipembedzo, ndi kuwonjezera zisonyezero zachiwawa chakunja lakuwonjezera, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makope ambiri.

Choloŵa Chokhalitsa: Chifukwa Chake Chili Chofunikabe

Patatha zaka zoposa 60 kuchokera pamene anakhazikitsa, Toei Seking idakali mphamvu yaikulu pa makampani a zosangulutsa padziko lonse. Laibulale yake imaphatikizapo zina za zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'dziko: Chidutswa chimodzi chokha chapanga mabiliyoni ambiri m'mafakeshoni a wailesi yakanema, mafilimu, malonda, ndi maseŵera a vidiyo. Nyumba yochitiramo masewera a kanema ikupitiriza kupanga nyengo zatsopano ndi mafilimu, kaŵirikaŵiri kuswa mabokisi a ofesi m’Japan ndi m'mayiko ambiri. Mbalk: Might Ball [[FLT:] inalandira ndalama zoposa $120 miliyoni, ndi [FLD:4] Filime imodzi [FL:] [20] Filime [2]

Koma choloŵa cha Toei si malonda okha. Ophunzitsa a soradio amene anatulukira ma holo ena, kuphatikizapo Studio Ghibli's copreaders . mpambo wake wasonkhezera anthu osaŵerengeka ku Japan ndi kumaiko ena, kuchokera ku Wachows (amene anatchula [[FLT: 0]] Racer [1] Racer [1] [] monga chisonkhezero] kwa Aminali amene anakulira pa Back Ball [[FLT]] ndi [FLT:] Sair Moon [FL:] . Mawu a m'AM'AM'WIRIM [[FLT:] [5]].

Malamulo anayi oyambitsidwa , kukongola, kupangidwa, kupezeka, kudakali pa maziko a ntchito iliyonse. Amatsogolera zosankha zimene manga afuna kusintha, mmene angaperekere bajeti, ndi mmene angagulitsire padziko lonse. Kukhoza kwa Ee kuwona pamene akusungabe mapindu ake aakulu kuli phunziro la maluso a bizinesi aatali. Ku indasitale kumene zikhoterezo zimabwera ndi kupita, kumene mameno amakwera ndi kugwa ndi nyengo yatsopano iliyonse, Toia wasonyeza kuti kudzipereka kolimba kwa kusimba ndi kujambula, kuphatikizapo kufunitsitsa kuyang'anira, kuchititsa kupenda , kuchititsa kupenda kwachikhalire. Ngati kupyolera pa kampani yopanga kampani yopanga makampani [FLT: 0] . Sai Moon , [FLD:] kuthamanga kapena kutsogolo kwa gulu latsopano la [FFFF: FT:]