Kuyambira pa malemba akale mpaka amakono otsekereza, 'Chosen Wake, mtundu wa wotchuka wakhalabe umodzi wa mitu yosatha ndi yodzutsa maganizo yolembedwa. Nkhani ya munthu mmodzi yotchulidwa ndi kuikidwiratu, ulosi, kapena kuloŵerera kwa Mulungu kuti athe kulimbana ndi choipa choopsa, kupitirizabe kuumba kuzindikira kwathu zamphamvu, udindo, ndi kuikidwiratu. Pamene kuli kwakuti trope imapereka kampasi ya makhalidwe abwino ndi mphamvu yosatha, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kofala ku genres , kuchokera ku zopeka zapamwamba ku zinthu zopeka za sayansi, majero aikulu kwa achinyamata a dtopias. Nkhaniyi imapenda mizu ya mbiri yakale, kukopa kwa maganizo, ndi kukopa kwa masiku ano, ndi kufotokoza kwa wina wotchuka, kulongosola kwa chikhalidwe chapamwamba.

Maziko a Nthano ndi Chipembedzo cha Wosankhidwayo

Kalekale ofalitsa nkhani amakono asanagwirizanitse Wosankhidwayo, anthu akale atulutsa lingalirolo m'nthano zawo zamaziko. Lingaliro la mpulumutsi woikidwa ndi Mulungu kapena ngwazi likuwonekera m'malemba amene aumba filosofi ya makhalidwe kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. M’Baibulo lachihebri, Mose akuitanidwa kuchokera ku tchire loyaka moto kutsogolera anthu ake kutuluka mu ukapolo [1] chilolezo chake chopatulika chimene poyamba amatsutsa koma potsirizira pake amakwaniritsa, kukhazikitsa chitsanzo cha mneneri wozengerezayo. Mofananamo, m'malemba a Bhagava Gita, Arjuna ndi wankhondo wotsogozedwa ndi mulungu Krishna kukwaniritsa dharma, fanizo thayo lopatulika lokhudza munthu womwalira. Chithunzi cha Mfumu Arthur, kuchokera ku lupanga, kuchokera ku mwala, monga matembenuzidwe yadziko, yotchuka yaumulungu, ndi kuyesa kuyesa kwaumulungu.

Nkhani zakale zimenezi zinakhazikitsa mawu olembedwa kuti Wosankhidwayo akabwezeretsa: munthu wamba wosonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro chapadera, nyengo ya kukaikira kapena kukana, mlangizi amene amavumbula mapulani a chilengedwe, ndi kulimbana komaliza ndi mdani wonenedweratu. Ulendo wa ngwazi, monga momwe unalembedwera ndi Joseph Campbell mu [FL:0] Hero wokhala ndi nkhope 1000 , anasintha mbali zimenezi ndi kusonkhezera zaka zana la olemba ndi akatswiri a za kanema. Zopekapeka zimenezi ndizofunika kwambiri kuti ziperekedwe papyo.

Ulosi ndi Kukhalapo kwa Mulungu

Ulosi umagwira ntchito monga cholembera chimene chimatsegulira munthu wotchuka kukhala njira yoikidwiratu. M'matsoka achigiriki, ziŵerengero zonga Oedipus kutsogolo kwawo mosasamala kanthu za kuyesayesa kulikonse kwa kuupeŵa, ndipo pamene zotulukapo zake nzachisoni, njirayo njofanana: chilengezo chochokera kwa milungu chimaika mawu a moyo wa ngwazi. Wosankhidwayo amasintha chiphunzitso cha kupulukira ndi chiyembekezo. Pamene Melic pa Decphis analengeza za mtsogolo, chinapanga chiwopsezo chakupha chomwe chinamaliza kupambana. Lonjezo la chilakiko litsimikizira kuti omvetsera amene akuvutika adzakhala ndi tanthauzo, chitonthozo chimene chimakhalabe champhamvu m’nkhani yamakono. Mawu aumulungu amasintha nkhondo yaumwini kukhala nkhondo m’dziko lonse, kukweza kwa otchuka.

Ulendo wa Hero Wokhala Ngati Mphatso Yodabwitsa

Kampbell’s monomyth, imene imachotsa nkhani zikwizikwi m'njira imodzi, imaika Wosankhidwayo pakati pa kunyamuka, kuyambika, ndi kubwerera. Kuitanira kwa kuwonekera [1] kaŵirikaŵiri anakana (_mauctive) ngwazi kudutsa khomo la kudabwitsa, kuyang'anizana ndi ziyeso, ndipo potsirizira pake kulanda fungo limene limabwezeretsa chitaganya chawo. Luso limeneli limakhalabe chifukwa chakuti limaonetsa miyambo ya njira ndi ya maganizo. Kaya ngwaziyo ndi yofuna kusafa kapena Luke Way akuwononga Death Star, chimavomereza lingaliro lakuti munthu mmodzi, wogwirizana ndi chifuno chapamwamba, angachiritse dziko lopatuka. Kufeŵeka kwa piringikako kumapangitsa trope kuzungulira, komanso kumawomba kuvuta kwa makhalidwe. Kaya ngwazi ndi Waluso la makhalidwe amene akutsutsa kwambiri kusiyapo kutsutsa maganizo a pambuyo pake.

Wosankhidwa Kudutsa Mabanja a Anthu Opangika

M’malo mwake, munthu aliyense wosankhidwayo amasintha zinthu kuti agwirizane ndi misonkhano yake, kaŵirikaŵiri akumaika patsogolo magwero osiyanasiyana a zinthu zapadera: mwazi, luso la zopangapanga, kapena mwaŵi. Mwa kupenda kusiyanasiyana kumeneku, timawona mmene trope imagwirira ntchito osati monga chinthu chimodzi koma monga chiŵiya chofeŵa chimene chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kulungamitsa mphamvu kapena kuikayikira.

Kuyerekezera Kokulira ndi Kuyenera kwa Kuyamba kwa Matsenga

Fantasy amadalira kwambiri choikidwiratu. Moyo wabata wa Hobit wa Horodo Baggin umawonongeka pamene iye alandira malo a Chikole, chovala chimene mtolo wake wagwera kwa iye osati ndi nyonga koma mwa mtundu wa kuyera kwa makhalidwe kumene Gandalf amazindikira. J.R.. Mtundu wa Tolkien, wathunthu m’zinthu zonga [FLY:] Thovern Gateway [0] [Mwana wosonyezedwa ndi mdima wa Volk], Wosankhidwayo akuloŵa m’lingaliro la Chikatolika la kutsogolera: ngakhale munthu wamng'ono kwambiri angasinthe njira ya mtsogolo. M’bale wina aliyense, ngakhale wotchuka wa . Mlembere wa Harry, wotchuka wa , wotchukayo, ndi wotchuka wa .

Nkhani Zabodza za Sayansi Zopulumutsa Anthu

Sayansi imachotsa majini ndi mmalo mwa maselo, maprogramu, kapena kusankhira chisinthiko. Mabukuwa amayambitsa kuthekera kosokoneza kwa uinjiniya wandale ndi chilengedwe. Iye akuuzidwa kuti “Mmodzi wa Osankhidwayo ndi chida chopangidwa, mutu wofufuzidwa mu wotsutsa ntchito ya Herbert . [FLT:] Mu , [FLT] [FL:] [F]] [FLT]] [D], [I] Akufayi, amauzidwa kuti “Mmodziyoyoyo, munthu amene amafufuza [katsimikizira, amene amatsimikizira, pamene potsirizira pake amavumbula kuyendetsa kwake.] Kachipang'kapeto [FLT] [FL:5], kapena m’kawombo wongowomboletsedwa.

Anyamata Achikulire Otchedwa Dystomia ndi Chizindikiro Chachilendo

Mabuku a achichepere anatchukitsa Wosankhidwayo monga chizindikiro chozengereza chimene chiyenera kuyang'anira madongosolo otsendereza. Katnis Everdeen mu Maseŵera a Njala sabadwa ndi mphamvu zamatsenga; iye amakhala Mbingiza chifukwa chakuti opandukawo amafuna chithunzi chooneka, ndipo mkwiyo wake waumwini pa kusalungama umampangitsa kufotokoza za kusintha. Suzanne Collins akuvutitsa mwadala lingaliro la Wosankhidwayo mwa kusonyeza mmene Katnis amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi mbali zonse ziŵiri, gulu lake lokhala pangozi nthaŵi zonse. Momwemo, Oukira ku Vernica Rot'', amasankhapo kuti adziwonere. [FLT.FLT:] Divert . [FLT.]

Kusankha Zochita Zapamwamba Kwambiri

Nkhani zapamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwirizanitsa Wosankhidwayo ndi “mphamvu yaikulu, thayo lalikulu”. Kusintha kwa Peter Parker kukhala Spider-Man pambuyo polumidwa ndi kangaude wamba kudalira pa ngozi mmalo mwa ulosi, koma kufunika kwa kulephera kwake pambuyo pake kuletsa upandu umene umapha amalume ake . Kusandutsa wachichepere wamba kukhala ngwazi amene sangakane kuitanira. Momwewu, Wodal Woyambitsa, wopangika ndi moyo waluso wa milungu yachigiriki pa Themyscira, kubadwa kwake kunyamula ntchito yotsimikizirika ya kubweretsa mtendere ku dziko la anthu. Chikhoterechi chimamveka m’njira yokopa anthu.

Kukopa kwa Makina a Nkhonozi ndi Zamaganizo

Nchifukwa ninji Wosankhidwayo amamveka kwambiri? Mwamaganizo, amapereka mankhwala a malingaliro a kusoŵa mphamvu. M’dziko la mavuto a dongosolo, lingaliro lakuti munthu wina wapadera angapange kusiyana kwakukulu ali wokopeka kwambiri. Trope imatsimikiziranso kudzidalira: oŵerenga ambiri amazindikira ndi kuthekera kobisika kwa proganist, kulakalaka kuti iwonso angakhale oyembekezera mwachinsinsi modabwitsa. Mwachikhalidwe, nkhani zapadera zimagogomezera phindu la munthu payekha, zikumapereka lingaliro lakuti ngwazi yokhayoyoyoyoyoyoyoyo ingakhale yosonkhezera ndi yochepetsa, monga momwe imasinthira kusintha kwa kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kamodzi.

Kusokonezeka kwa Zoikidwiratu kutsutsana ndi Meritocracy

Trope mobwerezabwereza imatsekereza muyezo wa choikidwiratu ndi kuyenerera kwa chibadwa. Harry Woumba amadziŵika ndi kuikidwiratu, koma kulimba mtima kwake, kukhulupirika, ndi kufunitsitsa kupereka nsembe ndizo zimene zimagonjetsa Voldemort, zikumapereka lingaliro lakuti mpangidwewo ngwofunika kuposa ulosi. Komabe kumbuyo kwa mzera wachifumu wobisika . Mwana wotchulidwa kale kapena mwana woloseredwayo, kutanthauza kuti ukulu wake waikidwatu ndi mwazi kapena mkhalidwe. Uthenga wophatikizapowu ungayambitse kutsutsa: nkhani zimene zimafuna kukondwerera ntchito yaikulu koma zimadalira chipambano cha ngwazi pa ukulu wosadziŵika, kukulitsa chikhulupiriro chakuti anthu ena amabadwa mwapadera.

Mtolo wa Kupatula

Kudzipatula kumapatula kwambiri. Osankhidwa ambiri amalimbana ndi kusungulumwa, matenda opatsirana, ndi kulemera kwa chiyembekezo. Frodo sachira mokwanira pa kufunafuna kwake, kubwerera ku Shire ndi mabala omwe sangachiritse. Kubwereranso ku Shindy Summers mu [FLT: 0] Kulimbana ndi Vapper Slayer [[[FLT: 1]] [kaŵirikaŵiri] kuipidwa ndi kuitanira kwake, kulira moyo wachibadwa umene sangathe kukhala nawo. Kujambula kumeneku kumawonjezeranso kuzama kwa maganizo komanso kumasonyeza trope: Kulimba kwapadera sikuli chabe mwaŵi wa moyo wa moyo wonse. Kumvana ndi zitsenderezo za kuikidwa pamalo okongola, kaya m’mabanja, kapena m’moyo wapoyera.

Kuwononga Wosankhidwa: Kudziyesa ndi Kukana

Pamene kuli kwakuti ndandanda ya zolembedwa zamakono imakhala yodalirika, nkhani zambiri zimaivumbula mwachangu. Nyengo ya kuwonongeka kwa zinthu inayamba ndi ntchito zowona zimene zinatsutsa kulephera kwa ngwaziyo ndi kusalephera kwa chipambano chawo. Mwakusonyeza Osankhidwa amene amalephera, kukana, kapena kukhala ogwirizana m’makina osonkhezera, akatswiri a zojambula zithunzi amavumbula upandu wa nkhani za Mesiya.

Wosankhidwa Wosayenerera Kukhala Womanga

George R.R. Martin’s Nyimbo ya Ulu ndi Fire imaseŵera ndi ulosi mosalekeza, kulonjeza anthu ambiri kaamba ka mpulumutsi wolonjezedwa koma kululuza aliyense ndi zenizeni za ndale zadziko ndi kulephera kwa munthu. Jon Snow kuuka ndi kubisa Targaryn mzera wa Targry umaoneka kukhala ukuzindikiritsa iye monga Wosankhidwa, komabe nkhaniyo imawononganso lingaliro lakuti mtsogolo mwachisangalalo chimatsimikizira mapeto achimwemwe. Rian Johnson’s Jedi yomalizira , chivumbulutso chimene Rey’s anali nambala anachiwonjeza mwachindunji chijanitsa chiyembekezo cha omvetsera kuti ayenera kukhala mbadwa ya Jedine. Ukukung'od'itikina si kumbuyo, koma chimawoneka kuchokera ku filimu yofiira. [F4]

Kuthandizana ndi Kugaŵana Udindo

Nkhani zina zimaloŵa mmalo Wosankhidwa ndi gulu limene limafalitsa mtolo wa ulosi. M'nkhani za Brandon Sanderson, Wosankhidwa Wonyenga amene wankhanza wagwiritsa ntchito ulosi weniweni; chosankha chenicheni chimachokera kwa gulu la anthu osweka amene amaphunzira kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pamodzi. Zimenezi zimabutsa mavuto a nzeru za zilozero za trope: mmalo mwa mpulumutsi mmodzi, mgwirizano wa matalente osiyanasiyana umawonekera kukhala wamphamvu ndi wosakhoterera ku chiphuphu. Nkhani zotero zimasonyeza kukonda kwa chikhalidwe chomakulakula kwa kuponya ndi kutsatsatsa ambuye a democracy. Iwo amafunsa kuti: Bwanji ngati mavuto a dziko ali ovuta kwambiri kuti munthu athetsere [1] ndi kuti ngati kuyembekezera munthu mmodzi yekhayo kuli mbali ya chisankho?

Mapiri ndi Mapazi Achikhalidwe

Ngakhale kuti wosankhidwayo ali ndi mphamvu zomveka, ali ndi maganizo ake. Nthawi zambiri amawonjezera mfundo yakuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumadalira anthu apadera osati anthu onse, ndipo amavomereza “Mkulu wa * wa mbiri yakale. Kujambula kumeneku kungafooketse anthu mwamachenjera, kutanthauza kuti kuyesayesa kwa anthu wamba sikungakwanire. Ndiponso, trope ingakhale njira yothandizira anthu oopsa ngati Wosankhidwayo ali ndi ufulu wosiyana ndi fuko, chiwerewere, kapena gulu la anthu, pamene ena akuonedwa kukhala wosiyana ndi ena.

Kuthandiza Agency

M'nkhani zambiri zamwambo Wosankhidwa, anthu ochirikiza alipo makamaka kuti athandize, kukhumbira, kapena kudzipereka iwo eni kaamba ka kulira kwa ngwazi. Harry woumba mpambo wake, pamphamvu zake zonse, maluŵa aluso ndi mawiza amene angapereke mokulirapo ngati sanachirikize ulosiwo kuti Harry ayenera kuyang'anizana ndi Voldemort yekha. Mapangano ameneŵa amaphunzitsa kuti anthu osasankhidwa ayenera kulandira mbali yawo yachiŵiri, imene ingatembenuze ku dziko lapansi laulerevie. Ntchito zaposachedwapa, monga Neflix’s She-ra ndi Princesses of Power [FLD:1], kuyankha zimenezi mwa kumanga gulu la mahale, omwe angatengere mbali imodzi ya mabomba, omwe angakanetse chikole.

Kulephera ndi Kulephera

Malo ozikidwa pa ulosi kaŵirikaŵiri amatanthauza kuti zotulukapo zimakhazikika, zimene zingaluluze kupsinjika kwa chosankha chenicheni. Ngati Wosankhidwayo ali wolinganizidwira kupambana, kodi nchifukwa ninji ali ndi vuto? Mofananamo, pamene ngwazi ikhulupirira kuti mtsogolo mwawo mulibe vuto, iwo angatenge ngozi zimene zingaike ena pangozi, kudalira pa kulongosola zinthu zopindulitsa mmalo mwa luntha. Zimenezi zingakulitse lingaliro lopotozedwa la chipambano mwa omvetsera, kulimbikitsa chikhulupiriro chakuti chilengedwe chidzapulumutsa awo “omwe ali okhoza kupambana, mosasamala kanthu za kukonzekera kwawo kapena khalidwe lawo labwino. Kupanga trope kumakhala njira yamakhalidwe abwino pobwezera kusadziŵa ndi kudziŵerengera mlandu pa ulendo wa ngwazi.

Tsogolo la Wosankhidwa Wamakono

Pamene omvetsera ayamba kukhala ndi savvy ndi njala ya chidziŵitso, Wosankhidwayo trope akusinthasintha mmalo mwa kutha. Osankha tsopano akusankha za kutsogolo kwa ulosi, kupanga chinthu chimene munthu ayenera kusankha kuvomereza pa mawu awo. M'N. Jemisin as the Developt Earth trilosy, mphamvu ya protagonist si mphatso koma kutemberera kogwirizana ndi dziko lopanda chilungamo, ndipo mafunso akuti kaya munthu ayenera kunyamula kulemera kwa chipulumutso cha pulaneti. Kuimiranso kukulitsa kuthekera kwa trope: Opatulidwa kuchokera ku malo akunja okongola . Monga ngati karala kam'ka, kochititsa chidwi, kovuta, kovuta kutchuka kwachikhalidwe, koyera. Mkhalidwe lachimuna, wofuna kuyankha nkhani zambiri za padziko lonse, kuwonjezera kutchuka kwa munthu woyenerera kukhala woyenerera kulowa m’malo.

Kuganiziranso Ulosi: Wosankhidwayo Amakhala Ngati Galasi

Potsirizira pake, Wosankhidwayo amapirira chifukwa chakuti amaonetsa chikhumbo chachikulu cha anthu: kukhulupirira kuti moyo wathu uli ndi tanthauzo, kuti sitili timitsuko tating’ono koma zofunika m’nkhani ya chilengedwe. Kulakalaka kumeneko sikuli kovulaza mwachibadwa, koma mmene kumagwiritsidwira ntchito. Nkhani zimene zimafunsa trope . Kuvumbula misampha yake yodzifunira, kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kwandale, kukhoza kwake kwa kusiyanitsa / kuwongolera kwa makhalidwe abwino. Kumatikumbutsa kuti kulimba mtima si chinthu chosankhidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo kuti palibe munthu mmodzi, ngakhale ali wapadera. Mwakumvetsetsa miyambiriro ndi ziyambukiro za Wosankhidwayo, timakhala okonzeka bwino kuyamikira nkhani zimene zimakukweza, ndi kuyesa kuyesa kuyesa kuvomereza kugonjerana kwamphamvu.