Chikalata cha Chikhalidwe cha Yaoi ndi Yuri m’Chinanime Chamakono

M’kuchuluka kwa maluso a dziko la Japan, masamu aŵiri osiyana apanga malo amene amatsutsa nkhani zachikondi ndi dzina. Yaoi, kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa Boys’s Love (BL), ndi Yuri, kapena Girls Love (GL), sali chabe zikhalidwe za anthu obadwa kuchokera ku mikhalidwe inayake ya anthu, kulinganiza, ndi kusintha kwa malo oulutsira nkhani. Pamene kuli kwakuti zonse ziŵirizo zimazikidwa pa maunansi amodzi, chiyambi chawo, anthu opangidwa, ndi njira za chisinthiko zimasiyana m’njira zazikulu zimene zimavumbula mphamvu za amuna, chikhalidwe cha ogula, ndi malire a pakati pa manyuzipepala a pansi panthaka ndi apamwamba. Kumvetsetsa kukula kwa Yaoi ndi Yuri kutanthauza ulendo wochokera ku doushin ku maiko onse, kuchokera kundondondona, ku LTT, ndi LG.

Mbewu Zoyambirira ndi Nthambi Zoyambirira za Milomo

Asananene kaya kuti ndi genre, luso la ku Japan ndi mabuku anali ndi ulusi umene pambuyo pake unalukidwa ku Yaoi ndi Yuri. kwa Yuri, nyengo yapasadakhale ya nkhondo inaperekedwa ku gulu la S genre . mwambo wa zachizoloŵezi wozikidwa pa kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa atsikana a kusukulu, kaŵirikaŵiri wosonyezedwa m'mabuku onga ngati Nobuko Yoshiya’s [FLT: 0] Monogatari [1924] [1924]. Mayanjano ameneŵa anadziŵika monga aufupi, kukonzekera kwa auchinyamata, komabe anapanga templete wa chikondi chofanana pakati pa zigawo zonse zachialamu. Yoshiya, amene anakana kupha zilembo zake kapena kuwalanga, malemba onse, pambuyo pake, Chipanganochika chinakhazikitsidwa ndi chijaning'ono, chomwe chinatulutsa ndi kujambula ndi kujambula kwachimuna.

Yaoi amayambirira kujambula zithunzi zachimuna koma si zapadera kwambiri. Komabe, mwambo wa amuna m’mabuku a samurai (nanshuku) ndi masamu okongola a bishōnen (mnyamata wokongola) zifanizo zoyambira 20 za mafanizo otchuka zodziŵitsa mawu a kukongola kwa amuna. Komabe, Yaoi monga gengenre yopangidwa kuchokera pa post-war ōshjo manga, kumene akatswiri aluso onga Keiko Takemiya ndi Moto Hagio . Mondaio . Monday imadziŵikitsa bwino monga Chaka Chaka cha 24 . Atsikana osinthasintha maganizo m'maseŵera m'ma 1970. Nkhani zawo kaŵirikaŵiri zinasonyeza amuna ndi kugwirizana kwa mtima ndi thupi kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi zina pakati pa anyamata okongola oŵerenga nkhani za chikondi chapamwamba za m'maseŵera chapamwamba.

Kuphulika kwa Doujinshi ndi Kubadwa kwa Genre

Yaoi monga gulu lolongosoledwa la malonda angapezedwe mwachindunji ku misika ya doujinshi (yofalitsidwa ) ya ma 1970 ndi 1980. Nthano za aimaise Space Battleship Yamato [1] ndi [[FLT:] ndi [FULT] Captain Tubas [[FLT]] A Brisque , popanda tanthauzo lake, loyambirira, lopanda pake, lokondweretsa amunawo amene anatsogolera paubwenzi ndi kugonana. Liwu lakuti “ioisthyoilo liri mawu ochokera ku mawu a“ Nashi, oshishi, nashi , nashi , nashi , adapanga , ndipo poyamba, machenjera amodzi. Zosangulutsa amodzi amodzi a machitaŵi a kugonana ndi mapwano olinganizidwa amodzi. Zosangulukira zamphamvu zazikulu zonga za Chey's, kumene kunagulitsidwa ndi kuntchito yake yaikulu, kuzungulira kwa otchuka kwambiri, By. [Fokey, Chipy, "Fose, "1

Chisinthiko cha Yuri chinali chabata koma chosasintha kwambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti shōnen manga nthaŵi zina inaphatikizapo malemba a akazi a anthu aamuna, akazi a Yuri adaphunzira Thursdam anakula motsatirana monga . Magazine a pa Versailles[[FLT:] [127] [7773] [771] [779]), ndi mtanda wake womangira Oska, ndipo [[FLT] [FLT] [2] AYRIS] AY [iyeN] [2] [2] AYUTHAMBIRA [1997] [1] [1] [zithunzi zokopana zokopana pakati pa zikopano zachikazi, ngakhale kuti zinagwirizana ndi zikopana, zofala kwambiri zakuya zakuya pakati pa zinzake, ngakhale kuti zinathandizana ndi zinzake, ngakhale kuti zinathandiza kwambiri.

Kuchokera Pansi Kupita ku Mtsinje: Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi

Ma 1990 ndi kumayambiriro kwa 2000 anasintha pamene ma genres onse aŵiri anayamba kuloŵa m'misika yachikale ndi ya manga. Yaoi, kutengera . [Malamulo] (999-2001) anabweretsa BL tpps , anthu opanda liŵongo amene anatsatiridwa ndi munthu wamkulu ndi wailesi yakanema, limodzi ndi nyimbo zojambula ndi zotchuka. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, [FLTjou:2] Romana [2001]) anakhala mzere wa mabwana atatu, opanga chikondi chanthaŵi zonse kwa omvetsera. Kupambana kumeneku kunatsimikizira kuti kunali ndi nyimbo zotchuka.

Yuri chipambano chachikulu chinadza mwa kutulukira mwa kubisa ndi kuphulika. [FLT: 0] Sailor Moon (1992-1997) anayambitsa ubale wokongola, wodzipereka pakati pa Sailor Uranus ndi Sailter Neptune, aŵiri okwatirana amene sanachite manyazi kapena tsoka. Ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri anafufuzidwa ku Western dubs, mgwirizano wawo unali woonekera bwino. Pambuyo pake, [FLT:] Mariama Miter [FLT] [FFF: 3]) anawonanso gulu la S. [2]

Kuzindikira kwa kunja kunathandiza masinthidwe ameneŵa. Akatswiri afufuza [[FLT: 0] Boys’s Love Manga ndi M’mbuyo: History, Cultural, and Community ku Japan [1] (University Press of Mississippi , 2015) anasanthula ma genes kukhala a chikhalidwe chapadera. Anime News Network’s state pa BL ndi Yuri [[FL:]] Achatsati za kufalitsa kwa zikhalidwe zonga Yaoiston, zimene zinayambira mu U.S. Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2017, kupangidwa kwa mabwalo a kudziko lonse.

Kusiyana kwa Malo: Anthu, Gaze, ndi Agency

Chiphunzitso chosasintha chimanena kuti Yaoi ndi Yuri ndi malo osavuta kuonera. Zomwe zimachitika, omvetsera awo amasiyana, ndi kuchitidwa kwa kugonana. Yaoi anapangidwa modabwitsa ndi akazi, chinthu chodziŵika monga malo otetezeka ofufuzira zikhumbo ndi mphamvu zopanda ziwopsezo za dziko lenileni losokonekera. “uk” (kudutsa) ndi“ kutchuka”, pamene kuli kwakuti amasuliridwa kaamba ka kuwonjezera, kungaŵerengedwenso monga njira ya akazi yodziŵira ndi zilembo kapena zikhumbo zachimuna popanda zikhumbo zawo. Zimenezi sizimatanthauza kuti akazi onse amawononga BL (kudutsa) m’njira yoyendera malonda.

Aunike a Yuri ali osanganizidwa kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri a Yuri amagwira ntchito zokondweretsa amuna, kusonyeza maunansi a akazi monga ongopeka kapena monga oyambitsira ku “indeni". Komabe, 21st-centur a olemba Yuri ndi chisonkhezero cha akazi asintha malo. Zomwe zili ngati [[FLT:] Citrus [1] (2018) kulinganiza kwa m'ma ndi zipsepsezo zenizeni, pamene [FLD:2] Masiku athu odabwitsa [[FLT]] (2020) akusumika pa kufatsa kwa banja la Associal. Kachipang'ka kamodzi [20] (20] (20]) kachitidwe kake kake kabwino kofanana ndi kabwino, ngakhale kuti kakhale kachitidwe keni keni keni keni keni kofanana ndi ka amuna, ngakhale kuti kakhale kofanana ndi kachitidwe kabwino kwambiri pakati pa anthu opangana ndi anthu olankhulana moona mtima kwambiri.

Mitu Yoposa ya Chikomyunizimu: Chizindikiritso, ndi Makhalidwe Aumunthu

Pamene onse aŵiriwo anakula, anakula kuposa nkhani zachikondi kuti afunsitse maluso a anthu. Yaoi asonyeza mowonjezereka anthu amene amatsutsa maudindo a amuna ndi akazi, monga ngati kutsegulirana ndi amuna kapena zitsanzo zimene zimakayikira mtundu wa umuna. Ntchito zonga [[FL:0] , kuperekera mawu achikondi [[FL:1] (209) ndi chisoni, kulakalaka, ndi njira yotulukira, kusamutsira BL kudera lenileni limene limafuna anthu omvetsera ndi ogwirizana nawo. Kusintha kwa Cruncowroll, kunabweretsa nkhani yachikondi imeneyi kwa omvetsera apadziko lonse ndi kutamanda kwake kwa kuchiritsa kwamphamvu ndi kwaubwenzi.

Yuri yakhala yofanana ndi kucholoŵana. Kukuphatikizani imalongosola mwachindunji za kununkhiza ndi kutha kwa kugonana, kugwiritsira ntchito banja lake lapakati kupenda mmene munthu angakondere popanda kukopeka ndi kugonana. Mwana (201], pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani yokhudza ana a transderder , imaphatikizapo mbali yake ya kusanthula kwake kwamphamvu kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi, kusonyeza kuti malire pakati pa GL, kujambula, ndi kufukula LGTQ + Kusimba nkhani ndi kukopana. Zimenezi zimagwira ntchito chizindikiro chapamwamba cha zinenero zamakono, monga kutsimikizira kwake, ngakhale kutchuka, kuyamikira.

Ntchito ya Kungofuna Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kuyendetsa Chuma cha Mayiko

Fandom yakhala mwazi wa Yaoi ndi Yuri, chikhoterero chimene chinafulumirira ndi intaneti. Magulu a scantation (otembenuza otembenuza auniversity) apangitsa BL ndi Yuri manga kupezeka kwa oŵerenga a mitundu yonse kalekale olemba asanakhalepo apolisi aona. Malo onga Tcherom of Our Weur seal ntchito mamiliyoni ambiri za kusintha, fanfiction, metart , ndi meta-lysis , zimene zimakulitsa mbiri kupyola malire awo ovomerezeka. Chikhalidwe chimenechi cha kupeka kwapadera kwa dziko la democracy chakhala chochirikiza malo osungira zinthu zachilengedwe kumene kulibe otsalira zinthu koma ochirikiza chisinthiko cha genre.

Mapulatifomu apadziko lonse monga Crunchyroll ndi Funimation azindikira kuthekera kwa msika, kutchula maina ndi kutulutsa zolembedwa zoyambirira. Kupambana kwa chikondi cha mwamuna ndi mkazi kwakhala ndi chikoka chonga ngati Fruits Basket [1] ndi ndi Kaya-ma: Chikondi Ndi Nkhondo [ Yakhala ndi chikondi chachibadwa kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, mwa njira inakupangitsa njira ya chikondi chachikhalidwe cha anthu omwe akunja kumbuyo kwa kutumiza ndi kutumiza anthu ena otchuka oimba nkhani zachikondi. Misonkhano ya nthaŵi zonse tsopano ikuchitika ndi BL ndi Yuri, ojambula nyimbo onse pamodzi ndi malonda opanga malonda, ndi otchuka, ndipo ali ndi opereka umboni audindo onenetsa malonda onenetsa malonda owopsa kumbuyo kwa pulogani.

Kupikisana ndi Malingaliro Ovuta

Kukula kwa Yaoi ndi Yuri sikunakhale kopanda kutsutsana. Osuliza m'gulu la LGBTQ, makamaka, amatsutsa kuti nthaŵi zambiri kuyambirira kwa BL, kunali kosiyana ndi zokumana nazo zenizeni za umathanyula, kaŵirikaŵiri kuchititsa umathanyula wa amuna kukhala ndi mbali zotsimikizirika zapamwamba kapena zapansi zimene zinasonyeza mphamvu za mwamuna ndi mkazi. M'kuyankha, kamzere ka “magagagage ” opangidwa ndi amuna ogonana ofanana ziŵalo opangidwa ndi amuna ogonana okhaokha omwe anatulukira mu Japan monga kuonetsa kwa nthaŵi yake yeniyeni kwa chilakolako chosiyana. Zokhumba za Britique ndi chitaganya chamakono, zasintha ndi ntchito zamakono, monga: [7]

Yuri akuyang'anizana ndi mavuto ake a kuimira. Kufalikira kwa “Clas S , kumaliza maphunziro . kumene atsikana akusukulu amatsalira kwambiri pamene afika pauchikulire . kungapereke lingaliro lakuti chikondi cha akazi amodzi chiri mbali yapadera mmalo mwa chizindikiritso chosatha. “Achinyamata Ochita Zinthu za Mumtima , ngakhale kuti si achibadwa achikondi, kaŵirikaŵiri amasokoneza muyezo pakati pa ubwenzi ndi chikondi m’njira zimene zingamveke kukhala zosamveka bwino kapena zovutitsa amuna. Komabe maina ambiri amakono a Yuri amakana mwamphamvu njira zakale zimenezi. [[FLT:] Ngakhale kuti ndi Akulu [20] [20])] Akumayankha moona mtima.

Kusanthula kwa maphunziro akunja, monga James Welker ntchito pa International BLFORDOM , ndi zolemba mu Manga Cultures ndi Feen Gaze [1] (Palgve Macmillan, 2020) zimaloŵa m'mikangano imeneyi, kusonyeza mmene Yaoi ndi Yuri amatsutsira malo kumene malonda, zikhumbo, ndi ndale zadziko zimapikisana.

Malo Okongola a M’tsogolo

Lerolino, Yaoi ndi Yuri ali ndi malo otchuka, amalonda ndi apamwamba panthaŵi imodzi. Ofalitsa aakulu onga Kodansha, Kadokawa, ndi Viz Media akuvomereza mwamphamvu BL ndi Maina a Yuri kuti atulutse. Makomiti opanga zinthu a Amimee akuchuluka kwambiri; 2024 okha amaphatikizapo ma BL ndi GL amene amaonetsa kuti anthu akufunikira kwambiri padziko lonse. Mapulatifomu a Webcomic monga Pixiv ndi Lezhin amalola olemba mabuku a paokha kufalitsa mwachindunji, kunyalanyaza olemba zipata zamwambo ndi kuyambitsa nkhani zimene poyambapo: kugonana, chizindikiritso cha kugonana, chisokosoko, ndi nkhani zandale.

Muyezo wa pakati pa ma 1980 schōjo manganga ndi LGBTQ + wotchuka ukupitiriza kukhala wovuta. Aname onga Fish Fact (2018), imene inapanga ubale wa pakati pa amuna ndi amuna amene sanatchulidwe mwachindunji koma osatsutsidwa, kukhala pampata wa upandu ndi BLT, Family Fastfic. Zitsanzo zimenezi zikhoza kukhala zosiyana ndi “Mboni: Mfiti ya ku Mercury[FL:] 202] 20222] adapanga mitu ya akazi aŵiri awo apakati, popanda kujambula ngati nangula wa mtima wa kusimba za ine. Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti“ M'tsogolomule [[FLT] Muvi: Mbidima GPUDY , koma m’magulu osiyanasiyana achikondi.

Fandom idakali njira ya kusintha. Magulu a DECTERYuri ndi #BLMA a ntchito ya manyuzi a pa Intaneti monga onse aŵiri otsatsa malonda ndi agalu oŵerengera mlandu, akuitana kutchuka kwa mavuto pamene akuchirikiza nkhani zolembedwa bwino. Mikupiti yosangalatsa kaamba ka maprojekiti otchuka imaposa zolinga, kutsimikizira kuti omvetsera amalakalaka nkhani zimene ofalitsa apamwamba angaonebe kukhala zaupandu.

Chifukwa Chake Yaoi ndi Yuri Ali ndi Vuto Kuposa Anime

Kuchotsa Yaoi ndi Yuri kukhala majeremusi kuli kunyalanyaza ntchito yawo monga malaboratoria a chikondi, chisembwere, ndi chitaganya. Iwo apereka malo kumene olenga akazi angatulutse zikhumbo zosakhala za makolo, kumene oŵerenga akope angawone kuwunikira kwa miyoyo yawo kale asanavomereze kukhalapo kwawo, ndipo kumene madongosolo apadziko lonse angapange zokumana nazo za malingaliro zimene zimaposa chinenero ndi chikhalidwe. Chisinthiko cha mkazi chimafanana ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kwa maluso ndi kuwoneka kwa makolo, komanso amayang'ananso njira zawozawo, kaŵirikaŵiri zotsutsana, nthaŵi zonse.

Pamene onse aŵiri akupitirizabe kukula, amatsutsa makampani a antimine kufutukula mawu ake ofotokoza nkhani. Kulekana kolimba pakati pa “shōnen” ndi“shōjo” kukugwa; mautumiki otsatizana akuwona zokwaniritsidwa kukhala zapadziko lonse, osati zapanyumba. Anyamata ku Brazil akupeza [[FL:0] Apn[FLL:1] pa Crunchroll , sangakhale akudziŵa kapena kusamalira malo a doujshi a BL; amangowona chikondi. Komabe, kulemera kwa chithunzi. Tsopano Yaoi ndi Yuri imayamba kukambitsirana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ponena za moyo wa munthu, ndi ojambula ali ozindikira kuti iwo sakusangalala.

Mabuku onga [[FLT: 0] Anime Fenicist amapereka malo otchuka ndi okondwerera LGBTQ+ a m'zikole, pamene kuli kwakuti Fanloo wiki [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [makalata otchuka otchuka oyambira ku ma gen. kwa awo amene ali okondwerera chiyambi cha zinenero za ku Japan, zosungirako za zinenero za [[FLT: 4.] Masewera a pa chikhalidwe cha anthu amene amaphatikizapo BL ndi Yuri. Kukambitsirana pakati pa makampani, maindasitale, ndi madomu kutsimikizira kuti kuphunzira kwa ma gengen ameneŵa ndi mapulome adakalipo.

Chigawo cha Moyo, Chopuma

Chiyambi ndi kukula kwa Yaoi ndi Yuri zikusimba nkhani osati kokha ya madesiki aŵiri, ndi ya mphamvu yosintha ya kulongosola . Kuchokera ku inki yobwerekedwa ya doujunsshi kufikira ku mafolomu apamwamba a kuulutsa kwa , nkhani zimenezi zakhala zofufuzidwa, chikhalidwe chopitikitsa, ndi kutsutsana kwa mkati kukhala mbali yosaiŵalika ya cholembera. Amatikumbutsa kuti chikondi sichiri chamodzi; chimapangidwa ndi mbiri yakale, chuma, ndi kupekedwa kwa atsamunda omwe anakana kuyembekezera chilo cha kusimba nkhani zimene anafuna kuwona. M'mbuyomo, Yaiai ndi Yuri amapanga umboni wakuti chikondi chachikulu cha m’mbiriyo.