Izibonakaliso ziwulimi oluyimfihlo lokulandisa, futhi akukho sihloko esincike kuzo ngaphezu kohambo lwakho siqu. Uma umfuziselo emi esibukweni, egqoka isifihla - buso, noma ehamba esiphephweni, into noma isenzakalo akuvamile ukuba khona nje ngokwayo, njengoba kungumkhumbi wokuzichaza, ukulangazelela, nokuguqula. Ukufanekisela komuntu ngokwakhe kushintsha ushintsho lwangaphakathi lube oluphathekayo, olunoluzwayo, oluvumela abafundi ukuba babone ukuthi bangubani ngempela. Ngaphandle kwemidweni yamabhayisikobho, namabhayisikobho, lezi zithombe ezikhethwe ngokucophelela zisuke ebalazweni ezihlukene zisuka ekuhlanzeni, kusukela ebuhleni kuya ekuhlakaniphani kuya ekuzingeni, futhi zisuka ekulahleni ukwethembeka.

Indima Eyinhloko Yokuzichaza Enganekwaneni Eqanjiwe

Indaba ebaluleke kakhulu ingenye yezindaba ezithinta ikhanda. Umculi angase afune umcebo, afune umthandi, noma alwe nomashiqela, kodwa lokho afuna ukukuphishekela ngempela ukuguqula kowakhe umuzwa ophelele. Izigcawu ziba nengqondo ngempela ngenxa yokuthi umuzwa we-protagononist usengozini. Umcusumbuli nomfundi wefilosofi uCharles Taylor uchaza ukuthi ukuma kokuziphatha okubonisa isimilo, okuyindlela umuntu achaza ngayo ukukhetha kwakhe. Enganekwaneni, lesici sifaka ukucindezela, sivivivinywe izithiyo zangaphandle futhi uphikisana nangaphakathi kuze kube yilapho ihluleka noma ishintsha ibe okuthile okuqinile.

Ukuqonda ukuthi ungubani ezincwadini kudinga ukuqaphela izilinganiso ezintathu ezidibeneyo. Eyokuqala yi- ubuntu bomuntu siqu , iqoqo lezinkolelo, izinkumbulo, nezifiso ezenza ukuba uphawu lube lunye. Okwesibili yi- uphawu lwe-social[[[FLT:], indima ebekwe noma ethathweyo/indodakazi, iqhawe, imfuyo, umbusi (uhlobo) oluthi lwayo luqonde ukuthi ubuntu buqondaka kanjani futhi luziqonda kanjani. Imfanelo yesithathu yi-[FLT:] ehlukanisayo eyaziwa [[[FLT:], umdlali ulandisa ukuthi ingubani, okungase kungavumelana noma kungabi khona. Lokhu kumele kuqondane. Lokhu kushintsha, kuzenza ukuba kube nezinqulu lwezi. Uma umlobi ezibona izimpawu ezithi shwondayo.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uErik Erikson sinikeza ukuhambelana okuwusizo. Umqondo wakhe wenkinga yokuzichaza, owadume phakathi nekhulu lama-3520 leminyaka, uchaza inkathi lapho abantu kumelwe bavumelane khona nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwesikhathi esidlule nobuntu babo besikhathi esizayo abafisa ukukwenza. Ukuze kube nohlobo luka-Erikson, vakashela iSicilo seSiphatho sokuhlola isigaba sikaErikson [ [FLT]]. Ukucindezela okufanayo kuvela ngezimpawu zezehlakani: u-Elizabeth Bennet recaribrate nobandlululo lwakhe, uHarry Burrybungrder uveza icala lakhe eliyikhethelwe ngendima yakhe njengomvikeli, noma uPauliede ugest nesiphetho esisabekayo sikaKwitz Hade.

Ufuzo Lwezimpawu Ezisezingeni Elifanele

Izimpawu zisebenza njengengxenye emfushane yezifundazwe ezingokwengqondo. Ngenxa yokuthi ziguqula imizwelo eyinkimbinkimbi ibe umfanekiso owodwa, zingasebenzisa izinga elingaphansi komqondo ohluzekile, zishaya umfundi ngamandla. Uma zibekwe kuyo yonke i-opera, izimpawu ziveza umqondo ongokomzwelo oshukumisa kakhulu kunemicabango ecacile yomdlali.

Abalobi bathola izimpawu enqolobaneni ejulile yamasiko angokomfanekiso. Ezinye izimpawu zicishe zibe jikelele: ukukhanya nobumnyama, amanzi nogwadule, ukuphakama nokwehla. Abanye baqonde ngokwesiko, njengomculo obomvu weshwa noma isilwane esiwuhlobo. Kodwa ezandleni zombhali onekhono, ngisho nasentweni evamile , iwashi yezibuko, umnyango ovaliwe, ungaba uphawu olunamandla lokuzichaza uma uvela ngezikhathi ezibucayi zoshintsho. Iziphi izinto ezingezona izinto kodwa ubuhlobo bayo nokwakheka kobuntu. Lobo buhlobo bakhelwa ngokuphindaphinda, ukuhlukahluka-tshintsha.

Izigaba eziphawuleka kakhulu ekulandiseni kophawu-lwe-drive zihlanganisa:

  • Izindawo ezibonisayo (imishini, amanzi, insimbi epholishiwe): Lezizinto zenza ukuba zikwazi ukuzihlola ngokoqobo. Ubuntu obungafuni ukubhekana nezimpawu zokubonisa; umuntu obuka izingozi ezinde kakhulu zobunarciss noma ukuqhekeka.
  • [[NT.0] Iposi nokufihla imbonakalo : Kusukela kwizifihla - buso ezingokoqobo kuya kubantu abamukelekile, lezimpawu zimelela ukushukuma komzimba phakathi komuntu owenziwayo neqiniso elifihliwe. Ukudalula isidambisi ngokuvamile kuqondana nomzuzu wenhlekelele noma wenkululeko.
  • Izimpawu zejourney (imigwaqo, imifula, iziqabuko): Ukuhamba okungokomzimba ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye izibuko umzila ongokwengqondo ukusuka kwenye incazelo kuya kwenye. A ford, ibhuloho, noma ugwadule kuba umnyango lapho umuntu omdala efa khona futhi kuzalwa omusha.
  • Imijikelezo yesayensi yokukhula (izinkathi, isimo sezulu, ukukhula nokubola): Isiphepho sasehlobo singaguqula ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, iqhwa lokuqala liphindela ekucabangeni, futhi ingadi eqhakazayo ivelise isithelo somuntu omusha.
  • Izinto zefa (izinsika, izinhlamvu, izihluthulelo): Lezi zihlanganisa ubuni be-protagononist nomndeni, umlando, noma ifa. Ukulahlekelwa kwabo noma ukululama kwabo ngokuvamile kubonisa ukwephulwa noma ukwanga kwesikhathi esidlule.

Ingxoxo ebanzi yendlela izimpawu ezisebenza ngayo enganekwaneni, Isiqondiso se-MasterClas kuphawu [ inikeza izincazelo ezicacile kanye nezinqubo ezisebenzayo ezivumelana nalokhu kuphawula.

Esinye sezici ezinhle kakhulu zokulandisa izindaba ezingokomfanekiso siwukuthi uphawu olulodwa lungaqukethe izincazelo eziphikisanayo ezindaweni ezihlukene esazingeni. Umnyango okhiyiwe ekuqaleni endikimeni ungasho ukucindezelwa; ekugcineni, isenzo sokuyivula siba inkululeko. Lemfanelo yechamelleon ivumela abalobi ukuba badwebe ukushintshwa okucashile kokuzichaza ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekuvezeni umbukiso we-nose.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ukuzichaza Ngomklamo Ongokomfanekiso

I - Hero’s Journey Ne - Artifact of Iwe Uqobo

Zimbalwa izakhiwo ezilandisayo eziye zadweba inguquko eqinile njenge-monomyth, eyathandwa nguJoseph Campbell . IHero enezimo eziyinkulungwane . Ukubheka ngokujulile eziteshini, bheka [ ukungenisa kweqhawe [[FLT] ohambweni lwendlobolo . Kulesilinganisi, iprotagonst ishiya ilandelana nezwe elivamile, ibekezelela uchungechunge lokulingo, ibuye ishintshe kakhulu. Igxathu ngalinye linezelwa ngezimpawu: iskibo, isisu, isisu senkala, umkhomo. Kodwa i-okisi elingokomfanekiso yi-probistism eveza lokho okuyiyo.

Cabanga nge-Excalibur yeNkosi uArthur, hhayi nje njengesikhali kodwa njengobufakazi obungokoqobo belungelo layo lokubusa. Ukuzichaza kwayo. Inkemba ingadonswa kuphela inkosi yeqiniso; ukuba kwayo futhi ekugcineni ibuyele iphelele i-Arthur ukusuka endlwini yomfana ofihlekile ukuya kumholi oyinganekwane futhi ekugcineni kumuntu olindele ukubuya. Ngokufanayo, ku- izimpi [[[FLT:]] uSaga, izibani akulona nje ithuluzi kodwa uphawu lwesiyalo sikaJedi, ifa, futhi ukuma. Lapho uLuka Skylaker ekha izibani zakhe siqu eziluhlaza okotshayo [FFoct:] ubuyisela izimpawu ze-JeFFF: [3], izimpawu zokuzalwa kwakhe, izimpawu zokuziveza, futhi azenze izimpawu, ewuvundile, ewuthole.

Uhambo lweqhawe lubonisa ukuthi ukubonakala akutholakali ngokuhlola kuphela; kwenziwa ngesenzo, futhi izimpawu ezihambisana nalezozenzo ziba izimpawu ezingokoqobo zomuntu omusha. Ukubuya ngekhefu (noma into engokoqobo) noma uhlaka oluncane lokuhlakanipha kuqinisekisa ukuthi lolushintsho lungokoqobo futhi lungahlanganiswa emphakathini.

Ukuza Kokuphela Kwesikhala: Izikhala Nezingahambi

Izindaba ezifikayo, noma ibildungsroman, icacile ngokwakhiwa kwegama. Ukuze kucaciswe umlando nemihlangano, isihloko se-bipedia esiphathelene nokuza kwezindaba zezwe [ sinikeza umongo. Lapha, uphawu oluchazwa ngokuphuma kwemibono yobuntwana kanye nokuthola komuntu omdala oyinkimbinkimbi. Izimpawu kulolu hlangothi zivame ukuphawulwa ngemikhawulo futhi zilahlekelwe imingcele evikelayo.

Ku-Harper Lee’s Ukubulala i-Mockingbird , indlu yezihlahla, izipho zephimbo le-ethonsi, nenja enesihluku konke kusebenza njengezimpawu ezingokomfanekiso zokuvuka kozwela kwe-Scout. Indlu yesihlahla imelela indawo ephezulu yobuntwana, isuswa ezimpini zabantu abadala. Izipho eziyimfihlakalo uBooki Radley zishiya esihlahleni esikhumulweni esivulekile", ipeni, izimpawu eziqoshiwe zensipho, izimpawu zokuntweza kobulongwe, izimpawu zokuthi, umqondo wokuthi “omunye umuntu owesabayo" unothando lobuciko. Inja ethukuthele, edutshulwe ngu-Attic, iqhume ukuthi izwe liphephile nokuthi uyise ungummeli nje; itsheka futhi itsheka ihloba ngobudlova.

J.D.Salinger’s uphawu lokungafinyiseki kwe- ku-Rye-FLT kusetshenziswa amagama ahlukile angokomfanekiso. Isigqoko esibomvu sokuzingela, amadada eCentral Park, ne-carowel zingamathuluzi okuchaza ukuthi i-Hopen Caulfield i-sbeakes exhwalekile. Isigqoko, esigqokwe uhle, sibonisa isifiso sakhe sokuzimela futhi siphume empungeni, nokhomba obala, kodwa asikwazi ukusho ngokugcwele ukuthi umniniso uyakwazi ukusho ukuthi ungubani. Umbuzo ongapheliyo ungaba ukuthi amadada ahambaphi ezindaweni zobusika ushintsha uvalo lwakhe ngaphandle kwesizathu. Emvuthwandaba, ukubuka udadewabo embukisweni we-carea [1] Umkhosi owena igolide, ungafuni ukukhula, futhi ukwamukela izimpawu eziwugcina ehlala ezindaweni ezihlala kuyo.

3. IDoppelgänger Nesithunzi Sethu

Igoth elinamandla kakhulu kodwa elinamandla alinganayo lilandelela ukungqubuzana kanye nohlobo olumbaxambili noma olunesithunzi, lapho umlindi kumelwe ahlanganise isici esicini esicindezelayo sophawu lwabo. Izibonakaliso ezinjengezithombe, amawele, kanye nokubonisa kuba yisisekelo salokhu.

I-Oscar Wille’s Umfanekiso kaDorian Gray uyisibonelo esisemthethweni. Umfanekiso ngokwawo usho indawo yokugcina engokomfanekiso ewuphawu lokuzichaza; ubuhle obungashintshi bukaDorian bufihla ukubola okukhulu kakhulu okufihlekile ngemva kondwangu. Zonke iziphambeko zifihla isithombe somuntu oweqiniso uDorian angafuni ukuvuma. Umzamo wakhe ekugcineni wokubhubhisa umdwebo ukuzibulala, akakwazi ukuphunyuka embonweni wokukhohlakala ngenxa yokuthi empeleni, ulele yena.

Kuyindaba eqanjiwe yanamuhla, uChuck Palahniuk uveza ukuguquguquka kobuFlust kwanamuhla. Imisebenzi kaTyler Durden njengendawo yokubonisa izifiso ezingashiwongo zenarrator ezicindezelweyo `a ephilizelayo, isithunzi sobudrarch'. Ukulwa kobugqila kuba yizimpawu zento engalungiswanga, ephakathi nomphakathi, kuyilapho ukubhujiswa kwezakhiwo ezitsheliwe kumelela ukuqothulwa komthengi owakhiwe. Isazi senkaba sesazi se-rator sifinyelela ekuqapheleni ukuthi uTylerler, isibhamu esiphuma ngaphandle; inhlamvu ngomhlathi ichitha inkohliso futhi ishone isithunzi, nakuba kubuhlungu.

Lokhu kulandisa kwembula iqiniso elingokwengqondo: ukubonakala akusona isithombe esifana nesamuntu kodwa yingqungquthela. Izimpawu zokuthi isithunzi @iphea, iwele, ukuma kwe-"iphoqelela ukuba kube nokuphikisana okusabisayo nokukhululayo. Uma sekuhlangene, ubuntu abusahlukani kodwa buphelele.

Ukuhlaziya Izibonelo Ezingokomfanekiso: Isakhiwo Sabafundi Nababhali

Ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi ukufanekisela kuguqula kanjani abantu, kusiza ukuba sibe nelens ehlaziyayo.

ISitebhisi 1: Uphawulo lweNhlandla ne-VIT. Yiziphi izinto, izilungiselelo, noma imininingwane yezinzwa ephindeka. Inkomba yokuthi inye ingokomfanekiso ivela ezintini ezibucayi ezingokomzwelo. Inkomishi yeti evela kunoma isiphi isimo sempikiswano ingase ingahlobisi; ingabonisa umzamo wombhikisi owenziwe ngaphansi kokucindezela. Uma inkomishi ekugcineni iphonswa odongeni, lokho kwenza uphawu olucacile olubonisa ukugqashuka.

Inqanyulo 2: Kabala uphawu lweziteji ze-Arc. Iqophelo lophawu lihamba ngezikhathi: isenzakalo sokuqala sokuqamba amanga, isenzakalo se-katilytic, inhlekelele ejulile, ubusuku bomphefumulo, nesinqumo noma ukudlula. Plonta ukubukeka noma ukuguqukela kulobugophe. Insimu enabo phakathi nenhlekelele nokuqhakaza futhi iveza isimo esicacile esingaphakathi.

Inyathelo 3: Cabangela izimpawu ze-Internal Condinations. Izimpawu ezinamandla zivame ukuqukethe okuphambene. Amanzi angaminza noma ahlanze; umlilo ungabhubhisa noma uphinde uphinde uvuke. Ubuhlobo bobuntu obushintshashintshayo nalezinto ezimbili /ukubaleka emlilweni, bese uhamba kuyo.[_chart's sus’s besaba ukunikwa amandla. Ku-Toni Morrison’s OTHANDEKA], amanzi ahlobene ngokuphindaphindiwe nokufa, inkumbulo, futhi ekugcineni abe indawo lapho uSe abhekene khona futhi akhiphe khona isikhathi esidlule.

Inyathelo 4: Hlola Imiphumela Yophawu Kunezinye Iimpawu. Ukuzimelela kuhlobene. Indlela abasebenzisi abangaphezulu abasabela ngayo ephawuni ngokuvamile bembula indima eshintshayo yezenhlalo. Umqhele oqale ufune ukuba ubekelwe kude kodwa kamuva ubangela isihawu noma ukweyisa ukhulumela izimpawu eziwile. Uhlamvu olufaka ukwesaba kwabanye kodwa lube umthombo wamandla wombhebhebhezi we-protagon uveza ukushukuma kwangaphakathi.

Isitepe 5: Vivinya iSigqizo. Esenzeni sokugcina, buza ukuthi uphawu luye lwabhujiswa, lwaguqulwa, lwavuselelwa, noma lwadlulela phambili. Lokho kwembula isimo sokuguqulwa kophawu. Ubuntu obuphula isibuko bubuye buhambe buye balahla ukuzigcina uqobo lwawo; umuntu ogcina amankani ukuze abheke ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ubuye wahlanganisa ingxube, isiqu sakhe esingafani. Isinqumo kufanele sizizwe sisebenza ngokungenakugwenywa, futhi isiphetho sesibonakaliso sigcine izimpawu zomzwelo.

Ngalé Komuntu Ngamunye: Umfuziselo Wesiko Nowamanxiwa

Nakuba lengxoxo igxila ezindaweni zobuntu ngazinye, ukufanekisela akunakuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele nezindlela zamasiko nezekhodi. Inkolelo - mbono kaCarl Jung yezifebe ezihlangene ezingazi lutho ukuthi ezinye izimpawu `umama, umkhohlisi, indoda endala ehlakaniphile ehlakaniphile emasikweni amaningi ngenxa yokuthi ziqine kakhulu ezingqondweni zomuntu. Uma umlobi wezindaba zezindaba ubhala umdwebi onikeza iqhawe elingcwele, iqopha igosa elijulile.

Ibalulekile ngokufanayo, izincwadi zangaleso sikhathi zivame ukuphenya noma ukuchitha lezimpawu ezingokobukhoma. Isifihla - buso, endabeni ekhuluma ngowesifazane emphakathini wenzalamizi, singangameleli ukukhohlisa kodwa ukusinda ($ins) ukujwa okudingekile kuze kube khona ukwethembeka okuqinisekile. Kulezo zinhlangothi, isenzo sokususa lesifihlabuso asikhululi kodwa singahlanganisa ukukhulula isifihla - buso ngezindlela zomuntu siqu. Ulimi olungokomfanekiso luhlala, kodwa ukushintsha kwalo ukuze lubonise ukuqonda okucacile ngokwengeziwe ukuthi siyini.

Izindaba eziqanjiwe ezingokwendabuko ziphinda zandise isichazamazwi esingokomfanekiso. Ku-Arunghati Roy’s uNkulunkulu Wezinto Ezincane , umfula, ifektri ebhajwe ngemibala, kanye ne-“Umthetho Wothando” kuyahlukahlukahluka kumthetho wamawele ahluliwe, owenziwe ngesigaba, umlando, nothando olunqatshelwe. Isibonakaliso asikho kuyo yonke indawo ngomqondo wokuba nohlobo oluthile, sikhomba ukuthi izimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu zisuka kulezo ezithathelwe isikhathi esithile nendawo ethile.

Isiphetho: Ingxoxo Ethakazelisayo Phakathi Kokuzihlukanisa Nophawu

Izikhomba-mkhondo azinakulandelana nje kwezenzakalo; ziyizindlela zokuya ezindaweni eziyimfihlo. Uphawu luyikhampasi nebalazwe, indlu yesibani nesiphepho. Ngezibuko ezibonisa ngaphezu kwenyama, uhambo oluphetha lapho zaqala khona zisho okuthile okuhluke ngokuphelele, kanye nezinto ezinqwabelanisa umthamo womphefumulo emamakhasini, inganekwane isifundisa ukuthi ukuchazwa akuyona indawo eqondile kodwa ukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo.

Abalobi abasebenzisa izimpawu ngenhloso banikeza abafundi isipho esinzulu: ithuba lokubona ushintsho lwabo siqu oluboniswa ekwazisweni kobuciko. Isembozo esidabukile se-propagnonist noma isihluthulelo esikhishwe futhi sasetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi abafundi baye bathatha izikhathi lapho bengaqiniseki ukuthi babengobani noma babefuna ukuba bani. Ukusebenza ngezimpawu akuhlotshisiwe; kuwubuciko bokwenza okungabonakali. Njengoba abasebenzisi behamba emililweni, benqamula izingodo, futhi begqoloza amehlo abo siqu abonakala, incazelo yaso ngokwayo iba indaba ngokwayo, okuyo okuyo kuyoba yiyo eqhubeka ukunanela isikhathi eside ngemva kwekhasi lokugcina iphejikile.