Hamba uhambe phakathi kwamahholo anoma yimuphi umhlangano wanamuhla futhi uzothola indawo yonke egcwele amakhompuyutha, izimboni, nabalandeli abavela kuzo zonke izindlela zokuphila. Kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi izimpande zalezi zindela zihlehlela emuva emakamelweni anyinyekile ehhotela futhi ziboleke indawo yemihlangano ye-chififi, lapho abathakathi abambalwa abashisekela ukushintshana kwamakhasethi e-coopleg VHS kanye nezinhlolo ezibhalwe ngesandla. Uhambo olusuka kuleyomibuthano eseduze kuya ekwandeni, imikhosi yanamuhla eminingi iyindaba yokunikezela, ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe, nokuphakama kokuhoxa okungantengiswa kwempucuko yamaJapan eMelika.

Abalandeli be-apimine babengenazo izinkonzo, izinkonzo, i-simpulcast, noma ngisho nezinqhibo ezithembekile ezikhishweyo. Bakha izinhlanganisela zabo ngeposi, amabhodi okwaziswa akuqala e-poto-copied, nama-photopied farzine. Zonke izihlolo zaziyisenzakalo, yonke i-laserdisc eyigugu. Lezo, ezingakhisifiki, ziqala umphakathi ozodwa ozogcina uzenze ukuzijabulisa okuvamile futhi uguqule imihlangano ye-aimee ibe izimpawu zempucuko. Okulandelayo kuhlola ngokujulile indlela i-U.S.A.

Izenzakalo Ezibalulekile Nokuziphendukela Kwendawo YaseMelika

  • Umhlangano wokuqala owabhalwa nge - anemine wase - United States, iYamaCon, wakhanga abantu abayikhulu kuphela ababekhona ngo - 1983.
  • Iprojekthi A-Kon (1990) yamisa isilinganisi esisebenza phakathi kwezinhlelo ezifinqgiwe, i-cossille, kanye nezindawo zomthengisi.
  • I - Anime Expo ne - Otakon zakha okuhlangenwe nakho, zadweba amashumi ezinkulungwane futhi zakhanga abadlali abakhulu bezimboni.
  • Ukwanda kwesifunda ngawo - 1990 nawo - 2000 kwenza ukuba kutholakale i - antimine eMdonjeni, eMpumalanga yoGwini lwaseNyakatho - ntshonalanga nePacific.
  • Ukusakaza imithombo yezindaba nezokuxhumana kwashintsha indlela abalandeli abathola ngayo uchungechunge, beshayela imibiko emikhulu yango - 2010.

Ukuthula Kwama - 1980: Ama - Fanzine, Ama - VHS Amatape, Nendawo Ebolekiwe

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba izikhungo zomhlangano zinikezelwe izimpelasonto ezinikezelwe, abalandeli babehlangene ezikhathini ezivamile ze-sci-fi kanye nezenzakalo zamaphupho njenge-Worldcon kanye ne-operation. I-acime kodwa eshiseka kakhulu i-VCR ngokuvamile yahlanganyela i-VCR eyodwa ekamelweni lehhotela, ihlobisa amakhasethi amaJaphani adluliswa ngesandla-sandle. Lezi kwakuyizinsuku lapho amagama afana khona Urusei Yatsura, [FLT:], [FLT] Space Battpship [[[, [[5], [[FLT]] [FLT] [ft:] [ft] ne-ormstionss,[3]

Umhlangano wokuqala onikezelwe e-United States kwakunguYamaCon, owaqhutshelwa eDallas ngo-1934. Njengoba kunabantu abangaba ngu-100, kwahluka kakhulu kumashumi ezinkulungwane ezithutheleka ezenzakalweni namuhla, kodwa kwabonakala ukuthi kwakunesidingo sendawo egxile kakhulu ekuhlobiseni kwamaJapane. Phakathi nalo lonke ishumi leminyaka, imibuthano emincane ehamba ngesilinganiso esincane yaqhubeka, ngokuvamile iphambanisa imibuthano yezindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi. Lemisuka ethobekile yasungula iDNA ye-amine farmond: inxanxa yokwanelisa ulwazi, isifiso sokuhlanganyela ulwazi, nokuzimisela ukwakha isakhiwo ngokwaso lapho isikhulu singenzi lutho.

Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi abaningi balabobalandeli bokuqala bafakwa kakhulu futhi ekuthuthukiseni impucuko ye-doujinshi — i-maniga eshicilelwe ngokwayo nezincwadi zobuciko ezavumela abadali ukuba bahlole izindaba ezisecaleni, ukuhlobisana, nezindlela zokuhlola. Abalandeli baseMelika baqala ukuveza izinguqulo zabo, futhi umkhuba wokuthenga, ukuhwebelana, nokuthengisa imisebenzi eshicilelweyo kwaba yitshe letshe letshe lengcweti lomhlangano eliyitshe letshe letshe lengcweti emashumini amaningi eminyaka ezakuza. Kusukela kunyaka wakuqala, [[FLT: 0] i-Anime News Networket encyclopedia inikeza inqolobane yemininingwane ecebile yomlando nemboni eqopha izibalo ze-cond.

I - 1990 Crooxth: I - Ken, I - Anime Expo, ne - Otakon

Iminyaka yango-1990 yayiyishumi leminyaka lokuguqula. Ohlangothini lwezezimboni, izinkampani ezinjenge-Darlilaline Pictures, Viz Medi, neManga Entertaintion zaqala uku-insula nokusakaza i-intamine kabanzi, ziletha iziqu ezinjenge Akira [[FLT]] ne [FLT]] [i-Gaff eShell [[[FLD]]]] eShell [[FLD]]] [injini] e-U.S. Izilaleli. ezingxenyeni zamandla, zaqala ukukhula kokubili ubukhulu nesifiso. Iproject, iqala ngo-AKLAS, i-dallas, yaba isigaba sezesiteji: izenzakalo eziningi zosuku, imibhosholo, igumbi, nemidlalo yokudayisa. Yakhanga abantu abadayisa ngombhalo ngamunye ngaphambili.

Eminye imikhulu emibili yavela ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ngayinye yaveza uphawu oluhlukile. Izivakashi zamaJapane eziphezulu kakhulu. I-AX] zaqala ngo-1991 futhi zazimisa ngokushesha njengomhlangano omkhulu weNtshonalanga Coast, ziboshelwe eduze nezimboni futhi zikhethwe kakhulu ngezimemezelo ezinkulu, izimemo zomhlaba, nezivakashi zase-paneassss. Ngaphakathi kweMpuma Coast, i-Otakon yaqala eBaltimore kanti yakhula yaba isenzakalo esikhulu esinezenziwa kakhulu esinemicimbiswayo esinezimpande zotshana ezijulile. Zombili imihlangano yahlanganisa izenzakalo ezinkulu, iguqula amahhotela namahholo ezindaweni eziphambili ukuze kungene indwangulo. Ngeminyaka ephakathi yeshumi leshumi, i-Anmode, yayibonakala iveza inombolo engu-5 000.

Isifunda saqala ukukhula. I-Anime Central ngaphandle kweChicago, iSakura-Coon eSeattle, ne-Anime Boston zaletha okuhlangenwe nakho eMidwest, ePacific Northwest, nase-New England. Isivumelwano ngasinye sathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwaso — esinye sancikeka emaphaketheni emfundo nasezindaweni zokusebenzela amasiko, ezinye zagcizelela ama - raves sh ntambama kanye namagumbi okudlala. Ukuhlukana kokuhlangenwe nakho kwasho ukuthi osemusha e-Ohio kwakungasadingenzeki ukuya eCalifornia ukuze athole isizwe sazo; zazingashayela amahora ambalwa futhi zihlangane amakhulu emiphefumulo enjengeye.

Inguquko Yenkolo Nokukhula Kwesiko

Akukho kuxoxiswa ngemihlangano ye-anime okuphelele ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-come collect kusuka ekufuneni ulwazi kuya olimini oluvamile lwalezenzakalo. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, abakhosha e-Melika babeyidlanzana, ngokuvamile beshukunyiswa yizithombe zemibuthano ye-apine ethandwayo yama-ain kanye nezingubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezindaba zesayensi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkhuba waqhuma. Izici ezisuka kuchungechunge olunemeya olufana noluthi Sailor , , [FLT], [FLT] Balton Bal Bal [[FL:3], kanye ne [FLT:] [FLD] [FLD] [FFFF:]] [FF]] udwebo] lwaba lwezizinto ezibonwayo, kodwa ezingabonakali ngokushesha, ngisho nangezithombe zemidlalo.

Umphakathi odlala imidlalo usebenza emjikelezweni wokukhuthazana nokwakha ikhono eliqhubekayo. Izindawo zokwakha izikhali zegwebu, iLED wiring, kanye newig ime ngegumbi kuphela. Ukuphakama kwamapulatifomu ezokuxhumana njenge Instagram, iTikTok, futhi ikhosha umbukiso we-fourcefour estum ziguqula izithombe zemihlangano zibe yi-proxy, zifaka izakhiwo zezekhono. Izenzakalo ezinkulu manje ziveza imincintiswano yemali enele, kanye nomsebenzi wesifunda sesifunda esihlangene njengesikhathi esigcweleyo. Ngaphandle kombukwabe, amakhosha adlala imisebenzi yokuhlola izimpawu zobuphilingo nohlobo lobuciko bokudlala izakhiwo eziyingxenye ye-ethimmome.

Ibalulekile ngokufanayo i-alley ne-doujinshi imakethe. Lapho ikamelo lomthengisi libuswa izimpahla ezigunyaziwe ezinkampanini ezinjengoCrunchroll no Good Miley, umdwebi u-alyeys onamahlaya amancane acindezelayo, ama-enamel pin, ama-print, nezindaba zokuqala. Lomkhathi ugcina isiko le-DIY liphila, uvumela abakhi ukuba bathengi ngokuthengisele ngokuqondile abasekeli futhi baqale imisebenzi ethile. Amanye umsebenzi owenzisa kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umhlangano ungatholakala kula mathebende aso, umsuka owenziwe ngezawodwa, izinyosi ezichaza inkathi yangaphambi kwe-denethi.

Imisipha Yezemboni: Indlela Imishini Yezobuchwepheshe Nezinsimbi Ezisebenza Ngayo Ekwakhekeni Kwayo

Njengoba i-alumime yaqala ukusebenza kakhulu eU.S., ubuhlobo phakathi kwemihlangano emikhulu nezimboni bujule. Izincwadi ezifana no Animerica[ futhi kamuva Otaku USA[[[FLT:]] ihlanganisa imibiko ehlangeneyo, inyatheliswe i-cossifiding evel evenel, futhi yenza njengezindima ezikhuthaza ukunyuselwa. [[FLT:]] ANTIME NETY] I Network [ yavela ngo-1998 njengesikhungo sangempela sezindaba, imibiko, imibiko, kanye nezimboni, igcwalisa igebe elithandwayo. Okwamanje, i-dedede-FLCM [FF]

Izinkampani ezifaka ipesenti zaqaphela imihlangano njengethuluzi lazo elinamandla kakhulu lokuthengisa. I-Fundiation (manje eyingxenye yeCrunchroll) edume kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa ekuthumeleni igama-mouth i-Dragon Ball Z] esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba uchungechunge lube i-staple yaseMgqibelweni wenyanga. I-Bandai Entertainment, i-ADV Filmmals, ne-Geneon bathumela njalo abadwebi bezivakashi nabadlali bezwi, nethuba lokuhlangana nabadali — noma okungenani isiNgisi dub — yanika ukuhlobana okubonakalayo emibukisweni yabo ethandwayo kuphela. Isiko sezentengo yentengo ekhethekile, kusukela kwizibalo ezilinganiselwe ku Blu-ray, yonke isenzakalo saqala ukukhiqiniswa kwemidayo.

Lemboni yashintsha futhi izinga lalokho okwakunganikezwa yimihlangano. Iziteshi zaba izigaba zezindawo zokuvula umhlaba nezimemezelo zokufaka izimemezelo. Izembulo zashintsha zaba izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezithombe ze-Gundam ezihamba amanyawo angu-30 nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhambisana nazo. Ibhizinisi le-amime, eyake yaba yindaba ebaluleke kakhulu, manje yaqinisa yonke izomnotho zesifunda ngempelasonto. Ukuhlolwa kwezenzakalo kweAnime Ex kwabika inzuzo yezezomnotho zedolobha eliphethe idolobha eliyi-Anime, kubonisa ukuthi intelligement yayisisebenzi esikhulu sezezohwebo.

Umphakathi, Ukuma, Nomhlangano Njengekhaya Lesibili

Ngaphansi kongqimba lwezentengiselwano, imihlangano emikhulu ifeza umsebenzi obalulekile womphakathi. Kubantu abaningi abakhona, impelasonto yenye isikhathi ngonyaka abangashiseka obala ngenkanuko yabo ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Ikholidi ivumela abantu ukuba basebenzise izintambo ezivumelana nomqondo wabo; izintambo ezibhalwe ngezihloko eziqophanayo, ukukhubazeka, nempilo yengqondo zihlelwa njalo ngaphandle komzila omkhulu wezinhlelo. Isebhuloho ngokwaso somphakathi, ukuvivinya imingcele yemvume, ukuvumelana, ukuphathana, nokuhloniphana.

Lendlela yokuthola kwakunzima. Imihlangano yakuqala yayilwa nezingxabano zokugcinwa kwesango, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokuqukethwe — ikakhulukazi ngasehentai kanye nase-18+gobles. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlelo zokuziphatha ezihlelwa ngemishini yemibuthano ehlangeneyo, izinhlelo ezidlala-is-no-ois-ovsed, kanye nezindawo zohlelo ezicaciswe ngokucacile zabadala. Lezi zinyathelo zazingaxazululi yonke inkinga, kodwa zaziqinisekisa ukulindele ukuthi imihlangano kufanele ibe izithuba ezilondekile. Ukwanda kwezindawo ezinikezelweyo — zisuka emagunjinini anokuthula zize ziphumele e LBTQ + uhlahlolo oluqinile olubonisa indawo ezungezile.

Okuqukethwe aphunyeziwe kuseyinto ebalulekile elingana nezimboni eziphethe izimboni. I-Academic problebless profiles kumasiko Princess Mononoke[, ukuhlaziywa okungokomlando [u-Shōwa Genroku Raku Shinjinū], kanye namashabhu emisebenzi yakudala yamaJapan ahlala eduze kwezingxenye ze-memocary ye-ography. Umphumela uyi-evilo olunolwazi nolwendalo oluvuza isithembiso esijulile, hhayi nje ukuthatha ijubane. Lokhu kuhlukanisa umhlangano wangempela nenkozo zenkampani, futhi kugcina umoya walezo zinqununu zokuqala zehhotela ziphila.

Ubuchwepheshe, ukugeleza, nePost-Pandemic Pivot

Ukufika kwezinkonzo ezingokomthetho njenge-Crunchyroll, i-Fonication, ne-Netflix kwawushintsha kakhulu umhlangano owawusebenza kakhulu ngawo-2020. Abalandeli babesadinga ukulinda iminyaka eminingi ukuze i-DVD ifakwe imvume; iziteshi zaletha izenzakalo ezintsha phakathi namahora amabili akhona empumelelo eJapane. Ngokwenkolelo, lokhu bekunganciphisa indima yomhlangano njengenjini yokuthola, kodwa kunalokho kwanciphisa kakhulu inani lababekhona. Ngonyaka ka-2019, i-Anime Expolase izivakashi ezingavamile ezidlula impelasonto eyodwa, futhi i-Otakon yathanda ukudabula ngaphezu kuka-30 000. Intshiseko ebanzi; intshiseko yokuthola indawo; izithakazeli ezazibone nje kuphela [[FLDK:] [FF1] noma [FOLT] [2] [FFFOT]

Ubuchwepheshe bashintsha nendlela imihlangano ehlelwa ngayo futhi yaba nolwazi. Izinhlelo ze-cell zathatha indawo yezinhlelo ezinyathelisiwe. Izokuxhumana zavumela ukuhlangana okuzenzekelayo nokushintshwa kwangempela ngemigqa. Izimiso zemigqa yezindawo eziphezulu ezibekwe phezulu zaba yimfuneko. Ngamuva kwezigcawu, izenzakalo zasuswa kuswidi zezehlo zezifundo zezisebenzi zokuzithandela zaya ku-software yezobuchwepheshe, zikhombisa izinga nobunkimbinkimbinkimbi bezimo zanamuhla.

Kwabe sekulandela i-COVOID-19. Ngo-2020 no-2021, cishe yonke imibuthano emikhulu yahoxiswa, yahlehliswa, noma yasuswa kuyi-inthanethi. Izimo ezingokoqobo njenge-Crunchroll Expory Exp nezenzakalo ze-Anime Expo Lite ezikude kakhulu zazama ukuzama ukunaba i-atholle, i-alseys edwed, kanye nekhoside yokudlala imincintiswano. Nakuba lokhu kuhlola kwagcina imiphakathi isendaweni eqinile, futhi kwaveza inani elingenakuguqulwa lokuba khona elingokoqobo. Njengoba izenzakalo ze-person zabuya ngo-20222 no-2023, ngokuvamile izilinganiso ezintsha zokwehla kwemithetho emisha nokwazisa okuhlangenwe nakho. Imqedazwe yinkathi ephambili; abaningi ababekhona ekuqaleni kokuqala abathola i-imfoculobo ekugcineni bathola umuntu, futhi bathola amandla amasha.

Izifekethiso eziboshelwe ama-cabrid, lapho kukhethwa khona amabhodi noma ukubonakala kwezivakashi eduze kwesenzakalo esiphilayo, kubonakala sengathi kuqhubekeka. Zinikeza abalandeli abangakwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yezindleko, impilo, noma ezinye izibopho, futhi banwebela umhlangano ukuba ufinyelele kude kakhulu ngaphaya kwendawo engokoqobo. Abahleli basahamba ngezindlela zezomnotho zale sibonelo, kodwa kumelela ukwanda okunenjongo kwe-ethos emkhathini wemishini.

Ikusasa Lemihlangano Yesigodi Yase - United States Ye - Animi

Ukubheka phambili, izimo eziningana zizochaza isahluko esilandelayo. Ukuminyana nokutholakala kwamathikithi kusalokhu kuyizinto ezicindezelayo; izenzakalo eziningi zemikhumbi ehamba phambili zithengiswa phakathi namahora, futhi izindawo zilwa kanzima ukuze zihambisane nesidingo. Eminye imihlangano ihlola ukwanda okuhlala njalo, ukuthunyelwa kwezinyawo okuphindaphindiwe, noma ngisho nokudlula kwenkathi yenkathi edlulayo okusakaza inani lababa khona ngezikhathi ezinde. Izindleko eziphakeme zempahla ekhethekile kanye nethonya labadayisi abami bamakamelo abami bathengisayo nazo zidala ukuxabana okumelwe kube yinkulumo yabahleli.

Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kungenye indlela. Abasunguli bamaJapane, abadlali bephimbo, nezimenywa zomculo bavela kaningi kunanini ngaphambili, kodwa ngokufanayo namakhono ase-South Korea, eChina, nakwezinye izindawo njengoba izifanekiso ne-webtoon zindisa incazelo yalokho okuhlanganisiwe umhlangano. Izinhlelo zemishini ziveza imincintiswano yokudansa iK-Pop, ama-manua collet, nama-panel eBollywood anama, ebonisa impucuko ehlangene kakhulu.

Imihlangano ehlatshwe umphakathi, elawulwa ngokuphelele yizinhlangano ezingazuzi nzuzo zezisebenzi zokuzithandela, iyaqhubeka iphumelela kanye nezenzakalo zezezinkampani ezibuya emuva. Lendawo ezungezile ehlangeneyo igcina impucuko iqinile. Izimo zesifunda esincane njenge Katsucon, Anime Weekend Atlanta, ne-FnineCon zifakazela ukuthi awudingi abantu abangu-100 000 ukuze wakhe impelasonto elishintshayo. Eqinisweni, izinga eliseduze lezentengiselwano eziphakathi kwama-mente linikeza okuthile okungenakukwazi: ithuba lokuhlangana nengqondo, ukuba nengxoxo yangempela nengcweti, noma ukuthola itshe eliyigugu elingavamile endlini ewumbukiso.

Kukhona ukukhathazeka okufanelekile ngokuncishiswa kwezentengiselwano, kodwa umlando wemihlangano ye-amime usikisela ukuthi inkanuko yesinye idinga indlela yokuzivuselela. I-generes entsha, amapulatifomu amasha, nezizukulwane ezintsha zabalandeli ziyophinde ziqale ukubheka ukuthi lemibuthano injani. Imihlangano ye-Dimenline ilokhu ikhona: isifiso sokugubha izindaba ezithi emashumini eminyaka adlule, kudinge ukuzama ngempela ukuthola. Kusukela ku-Yamacon's 100 abakhona kuya ezixukwini eziyisithupha eziphilile ze-Anicode, u-U.S.name ingqungquthela ifana nokukhula kwe--mizwa kwe-mimeoms — kusukela ekungenisweni kwensika yembulunga yonke.

Imihlangano yanamuhla ifeza isithembiso esifanayo esiyinhloko: indawo lapho ukulangazelela kwakho kuqondwa khona, ikhono lakho lokusungula izinto ligujwa, futhi abantu bakho balindile. Leso sithembiso, esakhiwa kancane kancane phakathi kwamashumi amane eminyaka, siqinisekisa ukuthi imihlangano yempiko izoqhubeka ivuleka, imangalise, futhi yamukeleke eminyakeni ezayo.