Amakhiye Okuthatha Izindawo

  • I - anome yafika eYurophu njengendawo yokuzilibazisa engaqondakali, isekelwa amaqembu adlala ngemishini yamaphayona nokuhweba ngamakhasethi angaphansi komhlaba esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele izibukeli eziningi.
  • Isakazwa ithelevishini, uchungechunge lwemifanekiso njengo- Ball Z kanye Polémon[, futhi kamuva amapulatifomu ageleza ancibilikisa umngcele wendawo.
  • Ukuxabana kwempucuko, kuhlanganise nokucusumbulwa kwezincwadi nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kwathonya indlela izilaleli zaseYurophu ezamukela futhi zachaza ngayo kabusha izifanekiso zamaJapane.
  • Namuhla i - antimie iyingxenye yempucuko yaseYurophu ye - pop, enemisebenzi ebambisanayo, izifunda zemihlangano echumayo, nesikhungo esisekela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komdabu.

Amagagasi Okuqala: Indlela Isilinganiso SaseJapane Esafinyelela Ngayo Izimbobo ZaseYurophu

Indaba ka-Anime waseYurophu yaqala hhayi ngokubhonga kodwa ngokuxokozela kodwa ngokuhlakazeka, ngokuvamile ngengozi. Ngawo-1960 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970, abasakazi bethelevishini e-Italy, eFrance, naseNtshonalanga Jalimane baqala ukuthenga uchungechunge lwaseJapane ngoba babebiza futhi banikeza enye indlela engavamile yokusetshenziswa kopopayi baseMelika. Lezi zithasi zaqala ukubhekwa njengezinto ezishiywe ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zezingane ezilahlwayo, kodwa batshala imbewu kamuva eyayizokhula ibe umfutho lwezwekazi.

Umqondo wezomnotho wawulula: amahlelo okuhlola aseJapane aye aqala amasu okuthwebula [[FLT: 0] angenamkhawulo agcina ukukhiqizwa kuphansi lapho ekhipha umthamo ophezulu wento equkethwe. Ama-mibatanidzwa aseYurophu, alambele ukugcwalisa izinto ezikhiqizwa ekhaya, adweba iziqu ezinjenge [[FLT:] Astro Boy [[FLT:] [FLT], [[FLT:]] [4] TYN] ushin 28-go (olwazi lweziwase ngendawo eyaziwa njenge [[FLT:]] [FLT] [FLT] [oct:7]] noma [FLT] [FT] i-FLT], kodwa ngokunyenya, izibona ngokunyenya, izibona ngokunyenyanya, izibona amehlo amancane, kodwa ayaziwa kakhulu.[FFT] [FT]]] [FT]]

IFrance yaba yindawo yamandla yasekuqaleni ngenxa yombizi nomphathi Bruno-Réné Huchez, owathola amalungelo ezibalo eziningi zeToei zochungechunge lwezimpondo. Ngonyaka ka-1977, ukusakazwa kwe Goldak[[ [isihloko saseFrance] (isihloko se-] [isihloko sa [[FLT]]]] [i-FLT]]] [UFOFORT Grendizer [[2]]]] [isihloko se-FLT] [inani elivamile] [inani] [inani], i-FExpect, i-fulphe, i-fuse.[10], i-Italiyana, izihloko zezihloko ezinjenge-FT] [FT] [5]] [fut.[4] kodwa ingeyethu, umqulu wezinto ezingaphezulu, umqulu wobuhlu, i-uhlu, i-uhlu, i-uhlu.[fu], nakuba i

Umphumela weTezuka: Astro Boy nokuzalwa kophawu lwe-state Nophawu lwe-Istacom

Osamu Tezuka’s u-Astro Boy waqala ukuvezwa eJapane ngo- 1963, futhi maphakathi nonyaka ka-1960 yabizwa ngezilimi eziningi zaseYurophu. Loluchungechunge lwasungula izilaleli zaseYurophu ngezimiso eziyisisekelo zefilosofi yeTezuka: izindaba ezixubanisa izindaba zesayensi, izinkinga zokuziphatha, kanye nokungathandeki kwezinhlelo zezingane. Kubantwana abaningi base-Italy naseFrance, irobhothi elincane elinamandla angakholeki nenhliziyo ethambile kwakuyizimpikiswano zokuqala nomfundi we-prognon owayengafa ngokomzwelo.

Ithonya likaTezuka ladlulela ngalé kochungechunge olulodwa. Indikimba yakhe yomsebenzi ebanzi, kuhlanganise ne- Kimba iWhite Lion kanye ne-Princess Knight[[, yabonisa ukuthi indikimba yamandla ingathinta izihloko zokuphatha indawo ezungezile, ubulili, ubulili, nokulunga komphakathi. Abasakazi baseYurophu, ngezinye izikhathi bengaqondi, badalulaza izibukeli zentsha ukuba ziphikise izindaba ezibekela izinkolelo ezingokwesiko zangemthetho zangesikhathi. Lokhu kwadala indawo evumayo kamuva, eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Isivinini Esilinganiselwe Nobuciko Bokuvumelana Nesimiso Sokudla

“Isifanekiso esilinganiselwe” esiphawula amafelemu angaphambili ngomzuzwana, izizinda ezimanyene, izimpawu ezisetshenziswayo zibonakala − kwakungekhona ukuyekethisa kwendlela yokusebenzisa imali; futhi kwasiza ukuba uhlobo oluhlukile lokulandisa ngendaba yokubona. Abaqondisi bagxile ekuhlobiseni, umbala, kanye nokunyakaza kwesibonakaliso kunokuba kube noketshezi. Lokhu kuhlangene nezinga lokulandisa elicacile laseJapane, kwafika e-Europe ngesikhathi lapho isifanekiso sasekhaya sasivame ukudweba opopayi ne-pisodic. Umehluko wawusobala, futhi izibukeli eziningi kwaba yisihenqola kunokuba zikhange.

Nokho, abavuli baseYurophu babengagcini nje. Banquma ukulandelana kobudlova, ukuqamba kabusha izinhlamvu zakhona, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bafaka amaza amasha omsindo. Inguquko yesiFulentshi ye- Kaptain Harlock[ (igama elibizwa ngokuthi i-Alborator []] iyisibonelo esivelele: i-pranglecring proce yabuye yagcinwa ngefilosofi eyengeziwe, cishe iphimbo elizwakala kakhulu ngentsha eFrance. Lokhu kushintsha ngokuvamile kuguqula okuphawulekayo incazelo yokuqala, kodwa futhi kwakunemiphumela ehlukile ezweni elivamile. Imiphumela ehlangene kodwa eyayayayayane-fulvoe eYurophu, eyaba nenye eyaba khona kamuva, imizamo yokubuyisela.

Indawo Yombuthano: Lapho I - FAROM Yalwela Khona Ukusinda

Ngaphambi kokuba kugeleze, phambi kwezindawo ezinkulu zeTV, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngaphambi kokuba i-ayime ibe imboni ye-euro eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane, amaqoqo amancane abantu abashisekela amalangabi agcina ilangabi emakilasini esikole, amahholo omphakathi abolekiwe, nezimiso zokuthumela izincwadi. Lamaqembu ama-petroli, aqala ukwakha ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, ayeyimboni eyakha kuyo i-amime fandom yaseYurophu.

Izindawo Zokuhlalisana Kwama - animie Nezinhlansi Ezibandayo

Ezweni langaphambi kwe-internet, ukukwazi ukuya e-ainet kwakulawulwa yi-fective. Umzala ohlala eLondon wayengathumela i-VHS tepe enekhophi engaqashelwanga ye- Akira; ipeni laseJalimane lingathola i-scread ye-laser ye-[FLT] ye-Neighbour Toro[FLT][FLT] [FLT]] ivela phesheya kwezihlobo. Ama-Clubs aba ama-node ahlanganisa lezi zenzakalo ezizodwa. Amalungu ayehlangana ngemva komsebenzi noma isikole ukuze abuke amakhasethi e-CRTCRT, ngokuvamile engenawodwa, encike kothile oguqulelwe kahle ngesihloko.

Lemibuthano yayifundisa futhi ingokwenhlalo. AmaFans ayehlanganyela amafotocopied manga, ubuciko bokulungisa, kanye nezincwadi ezenziwe ekhaya. Eyokuqala i-ainine farzines yaseYurophu . njengokuthi i-British Anime UK[FLT] kanye namaFulentshi ama-Anime Land [[[FLT]]] ] [] [aqala njengombiko we-acliv, ephumela komagazini abangochwepheshe abaklama futhi abasakaza izindaba zeze. Inethingithi ephansi yabahwebi, nakuba isemthethweni, yakhanda kakhulu leyo imaketheri yezenzili eyayingadlalwa ngayo kamuva. Ngaphandle kwale nkathi yomphakathi, ukuhlanganyela kwezentengo yeze yezentengiselwa emboni emboni emboni eshisiwe ingakaze iphinde iphinde ithole.

UManga Njengesexwayiso Esithule

Indima kaManga ekuvuseleleni izivumelwano ze-Europe ne-antime ayinakubhalwa ngokweqile. Izitolo zezincwadi ezingenisa izincwadi emadolobheni amakhulu zaqala ukuqoqa imiqulu yolimi lwaseJapane, kuyilapho abamemezeli abangamaphayona njengoGlénat eFrance ne-Star Comics e-Italy beshintshwe ngenxa yezinguqulo ezigunyaziwe. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, abafundi baseFrance bangalandela Akula[ efomini yayo yokuqala emnyama nemhlophe, bebona indaba ibhalwe ngefomu ephakeme kakhulu kunefilimu. Mangaga inikeza umongo wesikhotha, izinklo ezibuyela emuva, nomqondo wokuzimongo owenziwe ukuba izinguquko zizwa zibaluleke kakhulu.

Lendlela yokufunda yabangela futhi ilukuluku elikhulu ngeJapane. AmaFan aqala ukuhlola i-colligraphy, ukutadisha ulimi, nokupheka, enza ukuthandwa kwemithombo yezindaba kube isithakazelo esibanzi sempucuko. Amaqoqo ngokuvamile aphindeka kabili njengamaqembu amasiko avamile, amema iziphakamiso zama-emperor zaseJapane ukuze achaze amaholide, izinganekwane, noma ngisho nemikhosi yetiye eyisisekelo ye-holime. Lokhu kucwiliswa komjovwa kwenza ukuba i-aime i-am ebala ehlukile, ihlanganisa i-commond nemfundo yangempela.

Imihlangano Yesigodi, Imidlalo Yemidlalo Ehlekisayo, Nokukhula Kwezimpawu Zokuba Umfundisi

Imibuthano emincane, ehlelwa ngamaphini afana ne-funethi kancane kancane yaphenduka yaba imibuthano emikhulu manje eqinisela ikhalenda laminyaka yonke. Ngo-1990, eyokuqala Anime Con eNetherlands yadweba abantu abangamakhulu ambalwa; namuhla izenzakalo ezifana [ u-Intelegi yase-Japan [[ eParis] ikhanga abantu abangaphezu kuka-25 000. Lemihlangano ivumela abalandeli ukuba bahlangane nabadlali, bafunde emaphethelweni emboni, futhi bathenge izikhangiso ezingavamile, kodwa inkulumo yabo engabonakali kakhulu ihambisana.

Iqophiwe yasuswa kumsebenzi wendawo ephezulu yabese i-costap ukuya enkabeni yempucuko yomhlangano. Kubalandeli abaningi baseYurophu, ukuklama indwangu elungile yohlobo lohlobo lobuciko kanye nenkulumo yokubunjwa. Igama elithi “otaku,” ekuqaleni igama elithwele kakhulu eJapane, laphinde lathathwa futhi lashintshwa eYurophu ukuze libonise i-ishriver, isithako solwazi. Imihlangano futhi yanikeza indawo yama-communonity ukuze achuke kakhulu(-mecha, abathengisi be-BL, ne-ratroim, zonke izazimlando zathola izizwe zazo. Lokhu kuxutsha kwakubonisa ukuthi umoya wawusukhona ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusondelana kobuhlobo bawo.

Ukusuka Ezindaweni Ezihambayo Ngasekupheleni Kwesikhathi Sezimo Zokuhamba Kuya Esikhathini Esiphambili: I - Main Surth Tatover

Inkathi yama - 1990 yaphawula iphuzu lokukhetha. inhlanganisela yokusakaza okunonya, ukuthengisa nge - blokhster Pokémon, nesizukulwane esisha sabasakazi ababelambele lokho ababekuqukethe, yashintsha i - antime yasuka emfishinini yemvelo yaba imfihlo yezingane egcwele yonke indawo kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

I-TV Juggernauts: i-dramon Ball Z, Inyanga yeSayilor[, kanye [[FLT] PHOC]mon

Ukufika ngezikhathi zinye kwama-tints amathathu [1] i-dragon Ball Z, [[FT:2] Sailor Moon , kanye Phodémon [[FLT][[FLT]]] [iziteshini ezifana ne-Cartoon Network, RTLY II, neFrance 3 zadala isehlakalo esiphambaza-urobhani. I-Drassin Bal Blue [[FLT:]] i-Midlana yempi nezinga elikhulayo] zabamba imicabango yesizukulwane esikhushuliwe emabhayisikobho, ngesikhathi [FLT] i-Moontyleon [FFF] evelkn process processs trans oltivements trading, intenter eMeMelikan, iMelikan, eMelika.

Protémon yabe isiqhuma ngalé kwethelevishini. Ukukhululwa okuhlangene kwemidlalo yevidiyo, imiqhudelwano yamakhadi, amafilimu emidlalo yemidlalo yeshashalazi, kanye nekhopthi yomculo wepop yaguqula ifranchize yaba yindawo engokwesiko engenakugwenywa. Yabuye yawuveza umqondo wempahla yezezindaba yaseJapane ebusa amamakethe aseYurophu, iphendulela indlela Yu-Gi-O! , [[FLT:]], [FLT]] IDRIMON [[FL:5], futhi ingabali abanye. Isikhathi sokuqala, nabazali, nabazali, nabazali abadumile, nabantwana, namathoyizi, namathoyizi asekelwe ezinkomeni ezivamile zeYurophu.

I - Studio Ghibli Ne - Canon Edweba Izingcweti

Nakuba iTV yaletha i-ayinime emakamu okulala, iStudio Ghibli yayimemela emabhayisikobho ama-arthouse. Ukukhululwa kwe-Princess Mononoke ngo-1997 kanye ivunyelaniswe i-Alave[[[FLT:] ngo-2001] kusekelwa ukusakaza izinkampani ezinjengeVienasta International, yachaza futhi isithunzi sika-Ester [[FLT:] i-Alaves Award ne-Goldens e-Berlin International Film Prems [Umkhosi we-Filim] wabonisa ukuthi lemilimolim yayingenze impumelelo nje yezobuchwepheshe kodwa imisebenzi emikhulu.

Abagxeki baseYurophu baqala ukudweba ukufana phakathi kwenkondlo kaHayao Miyazaki nesiko lalelizwekazi ngokwalo, kusukela kuma-currefish aseFrance athatha izithombe zonodoli kuya kumafilimu aseCzech. UGhiblie directions wabuka iminyuziyamu emikhulu, nemisebenzi yekladi yangena eyunivesithi izifundo ze-filimi. Lokhu kubhalisa umdwebi akuzange kuphakamise indawo eyodwa yokufundela; kwayithuthukisa yonke i-sakhi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukususa abaxhasi ukuletha [[FLT: 0] i-literary ne-avan-garde appliyes kubuke izilaleli ezingaphandle kwesisekelo.

IMecha, Izinhloko Ezivuthiwe, Nokwanda Kohlanga

Ngokufana nemakethe yezingane, umucu ovuthiwe kakhulu we-anime wathola izilaleli zawo ngezindaba zamuva nomshini wevidiyo wasekhaya. Neon Genesis Evangelion, kanye nokuqeda kwayo i-mecha tropes okungokwengqondo, kwaba yisici senkolo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ukubhebhethela izimpikiswano zefilosofi kuwezomculo nakuyi-Internet enjniversers. Cow Bebop kanye [FLT:] ne-gostry ephakathi kwegemgemgem [[FL:] [FLT] ku-gemgem:] ku-ekhomba eqondweni le-yoli, exuba i-filphi. [FLT]

Imecha gende ngokwayo, kusukela ku- Isikhonkwane esingu-Muncdam ukuya ku- [[FLT]] , sasekela isifemu esinikezelwe esasetshenziswa abakhi abakha i-pat-intellitime kanye nomlando wezempi. Izitolo zesibonelo zaseJalimane ne-Italy zaqala ukufaka amabhokisi ama-Gundam, zakha i-astrobax phakathi komsebenzi wokuzilibazisa namasiko akhona. Lenkathi yaqinisa umqondo wokuthi i-aim ingakhonza zonke izakhamuzi, kusukela ezifundayo kuya ezazini zefilosofi, zenza “isimende esifana ne-iphani" i-ronathikime .

Inguquko Enamandla Nokutholakala Kwayo Ngezikhawu

Unyaka ka-2010 waguqula ubunikazi bezinto ezikuqukethe ekhanda layo. I-Platforms njenge Crunchyroll futhi kamuva . Netflix[ yanikezela i-simulcasts/epides ekhona ngokomthetho phakathi namahora okusakaza kwe-Japane. Lokhu kwaqeda inqubo enzima yokulalela i-infibbing. IsiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiTaliyane, nezihloko ezibhaliwe eSpain zaba yi-sloversessss zivumela ukuba zibonelele imidebe yazo siqu.

Ukuhlela kabusha futhi kwezomnotho. Kunokuba kubhejelwe emabhukwini ambalwa okusakaza, izinkonzo zingathola amacatalog amakhulu, iguqulela indawo eyisicaba ibe izigaba eziphilile zemakethe. Umbukeli waseYurophu angase athole uchungechunge oluthulile lwezigaba zokuphila njengaye Barakamon[ noma idrama engokomlando enjenge [[FLT:] [FLD]] i-Saga[FLT[F:3] ngokutusa iziyalezo, idlula abagcini bamasango abake banquma ukuthi yini “idlala” endaweni yakubo. Lokhu kwandisa i-i-algom kodwa futhi yabhiyo; akukho chungechunge olulodwa olubusayo manje ezwekazini.

I - Contemporary Cass: Imboni, Ukuzichaza, Nendlela Engaphambili

I-antime yaseYurophu ayiseyona i-othermone engaphucukile; iyingxenye ehlangene yezimboni zendalo zaleli zwekazi. Imisebenzi yekhokhi, izikhungo zokulungisa indawo yokuhlala, nokulungisa umphakathi kulungisa lokho okushiwo yi-amine ezindaweni zaseYurophu.

Izisungulo Zokuhlobisa Nokuvela KweAnime EYurophu Studios

Amagumbi okusebenza amaJapane ayakhula futhi asebenzisana nezinkampani zaseYurophu ukuze adale okuqukethwe kuqala. Izifanekiso zezindlu zaseFrance ezinjenge-Ankama (] Wakfu, Dofus[]) zikhiqize imisebenzi esebenzisa awesikhuthazo kodwa esekelwe eYurophu. Okwamanje, i-Netflix ixhaswe izihloko ezilandelanayo ngabadali baseYurophu, njenge-FLT [FLT:] i-past [FLT] i-past [5] i-pastsssss eGarden [FLD [FLD:5], zenza isitayela esinezinto ezikhona ezikhona phakathi nezindawo zaseYurophu [Foctalme].[Ft]

Lokhu kuthambekela akukona nje ukuhlanganisa i-stylistic apriation; kubonisa ukungcoliswa kwangempela. Abalobi baseYurophu nezimboni abakhula ngo-1990 manje bangena ezindima zokukhiqiza, baletha ukuqonda okujulile kolimi olulandisayo lwamaJapane oluxutshwe nesizinda somphakathi wabo. Umphumela uyinhlanganisela emelana nokuhlanganiswa okulula kodwa izilaleli ziyavumelana.

Ukushintsha Kwendlela Yokuphila, Umkhuba Wesiko, Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Njengoba ukuba khona kwe-amime kuye kwakhula, kuye kwaba nokungezwani okukhona. Amandikimba alawulayo, ikakhulukazi eFrance naseJalimane, anemidlalo elandelanayo enobudlova noma engokobulili, eholela ekubekelweni isikhathi esilinganiselwe noma izinguqulo ezihlelwe kahle. Ngokuvamile impikiswano isukela enkathini: abalandeli abakhula benokutholakala okunganciphiseki kwe-i-intanethi ye-internet bamelana nanoma ikuphi ukuguqulwa, kuyilapho abaqondisi besho imingcele yokuvikela izingane. Amaphutha anjengokuvinjelwa kwezenzakalo ezithile [Tokyogno Ghoul ukusuka ekukhululekeni-iehie-aieieiengine noma ekugxutshweni ngokucophelela kwe-injini ye-injini ye-injini ye-injini ye-ibhulopo, kuyilapho ama-Actetcki ekhuluma nge-TiKB [FLT][FF:2] [FFOct]]] [F3]] [FF:3]]] iqond] iqonda

Kunokumane nje kuhlole ukucubungula, ama-amenteri amaningi manje ahlanganyela engxoxweni neziphathimandla zokusakaza, ephikisana ngezixwayiso eziqukethwe kanye nezimiso zokuhlela ezibonisa lezo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthatha isinyathelo se-movie. Lokhu kuvuthwa kuye kwasiza ekunciphiseni ukucusumbula amadolo-jerk futhi esikhundleni sawo kuthathelwe indawo ukubheka ngeminyaka yobudala okungafundile, ukulondoloza ubuqotho bomsebenzi kuyilapho ukhuluma ngezinkathazo ezingokomthetho. Ukulinganisela ukwakheka kobuciko kanye nokuqonda kwempucuko kuhlala kubucayi, kodwa ingxoxo iye yasuka ekunqamukeni okuqondile ukuya enqubeni.

Amathemba Nekusasa Le - FAROM YaseYurophu

Umphakathi we-amine yaseYurophu uhlelekile, uhlukene, futhi unethonya kunanini ngaphambili. Imihlangano yesigodi iphinde yahlanganiswa nabalindi abaqoshiwe, futhi amapulatifomu amanani manje agcwele izikhawu ezidlula imingcele yezwe. Imikhankaso yemikhankaso iye yaphumelela ekutholeni izinhlelo ezingokoqobo zochungechunge oludumile, futhi imisebenzi egcwele ithumela izinguqulo ezintsha ze-manga.

Abacwaningi bafunda ngokwandayo ngobukhulu be-socionia-cultural common ye-antimone ye-Europe, futhi amayunivesithi emadolobheni anjenge-Paris, Bologna, ne-Berlin manje anikeza izifundo zempucuko yaseJapane. Lokhu kunaka kwezemfundo, kuhlangene nokwaziswa kwezentengiselwano okubonisa ukukhula kwentengiselwano okuhlobene nokudlula izingxenye zezokuzijabulisa ezingokwesiko, kusikisela ukuthi ukulandelela kwe-aementium kusephezulu. Ikusasa liyobona abalingiswa abaningi baseYurophu empuculweni, izindaba eziningi ezibonisa amaqiniso ezwekazini, ngisho nokushintsha okusheshayo phakathi kwamaphiko nezilwane.

Izinqumo ezenziwa abalandeli baseYurophu, izinto abazidlalayo, abazenzayo, abaqongelelayo, abaqongelela zona intengo. Njengoba imboni ishintsha, umoya walezozinhloli zokuqala uyaqhubeka: ukuhlangana, ukuhlobana okunentshiseko ngezindaba ezenzekayo, kunokuba zidwetshwe, futhi ezikhuluma ngaphesheya kwezilwandle ngolimi lokucabanga.

Key Factor Impact on European Anime
TV syndication giants Created a shared childhood canon and opened prime-time slots.
Studio Ghibli’s acclaim Elevated anime to high art and expanded theatrical distribution.
Streaming simulcast model Eliminated regional delays and diversified audience niches.
Cross-industry co-productions Blurred the line between Japanese and European animation.
Mature content regulation Sparked informed debate over censorship versus classification.

I-Anime e-Europe isuka kumakhasethi e-VHS ashushumbiswe ngokungemthetho ukuya ezindaweni ezibukele kanye neTokyo. Umlando wayo uyisiqinisekiso sokuvuselela imiphakathi yabathandi nokulangazelela komhlaba wonke ukulandisa okushukumisayo. Njengoba isizukulwane esilandelayo sabadali sivela ezinhlangeni nasezikoleni zobuciko ezakhiwe yilelifa, indaba yaseYurophu ekhuluma nge-ayimime imane iqala isiqephu sayo esilandelayo.