I-Freelance aimator manje yakha umgogodla womkhiqizo wanamuhla. Iziqu zamanzi zincike kakhulu kumamboni azimele ukuze asebenzise izifanekiso eziphumelelayo, ezivumelana nezimo, ngokuyisisekelo zibuye zilungise indawo yemboni yokudala nokusebenza kwayo. Lolu shintsho lwenza imibhobho yokwakha ikhiqize imibhobho enciphile kakhulu, kodwa futhi luphinda lubhale iqiniso lansuku zonke kuwo wonke umuntu ohilelekile − kwabadwebi bemidwebo ezindaweni zabo zokukhangisa izimali ezihambisana nemishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni zokwakha kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe benyusa nokusekela imishini eshintsha imishini, i-flancelate i-exter isuka emthonjeni we-ondime embulukweni womphakathi wembulunga yonke.

Izimboni eziningi zisebenza ngokuzimele esikhundleni sokuthola izikhundla zezisebenzi eziphelele. Intuthuko emishinini yemishini yezobuchwepheshe nokunyuka kwezimali zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo kuye kwawusheshisa lomkhuba. Kubenzi ngokwabo, ukuzimela kungaletha inkululeko yokusungula kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa i-portfolio ehlukene, kodwa ivame ukufika inemali eshibhile, izigebe phakathi kwezivumelwano, nezimo zokusebenza ezisalokhu zijeziswa. Ukudonsa amandla adonsela phansi komsebenzi womsebenzi kunamandla kakhulu kangangokuba manje kunganquma ukuthi ubani nje odweba amafelemu, kodwa ibala kanye nokufinyelela kwendaba ekhuluma emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuziphendukela Kwezimboni Ezikhululekile Ekukhiqizweni Kwezici Ezinemizwa

Ukwanda kwekhono lokukhululeka akwenzekanga ngokuphazima kweso. Kuveza amashumi eminyaka amasu ashintshayo estudio, ukuqhamuka kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezingcindezi eziye zadweba ibalazwe lomsebenzi wansuku zonke. Ngokuqonda lamandla, ungabona ukuthi i-frence-centrime yamanje yaqala kanjani ukubusa, futhi ukuthi ingaba kuphi i-"nakephi."

Izinguquko Embonini Yezithoyizi

Kuwo 1980 nangawo 1990, ama-studio ayinhloko anjengo-Toei Integer kanye no-Sun tsue ayegcina isilinganiso esikhulu emaqenjini endlu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimiso sekomiti yokukhiqiza, lapho abanikazi abaningi behlanganyela khona ingozi — ngokukhuthaza ukuncishiswa kwezindleko, okusunduza iziteshi ukuba zikhiphe umsebenzi oguquguqukayo zithathe izimboni ezisebenza ngokuzisebenzela nabakhiqizi bezimboni ezizimele. Namuhla, ngisho namagumbi okusebenza akhiwe phakathi nendawo agcina umsuka wabaqondisi, abakhi, abakhi, nabaklami, kuyilapho ukulima kususa izifanekiso ezinkulu, phakathi, futhi kuphele umsebenzi wokudala ngaphandle.

Lendlela yokulungisa ivumela iziteshi zilinganisele noma zehle ngesidingo somsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-othermone ebekwe phezulu yezisebenzi ezisebenza ngesakhelo. Nokho, ku-frencancer, kusho ukuluka izivumelwano ezivalekile zesikhashana, ngezinye izikhathi zisebenza emibukisweni emithathu noma emine ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umnotho owenzekayo uye wasungula i-jigm ehlala njalo emsebenzini wokuhlinza. Izikhulumi eziningi zibika ukuthi naphezu kokuhambisa umsebenzi ophakeme wochungechunge oluthandekayo emhlabeni wonke, zizama ukuvikela inzuzo, zisebenza ngokukhokha ikheli, noma ngisho nenkokheli ebhajekile elandelayo.

Ukuqala Komsebenzi Okude Wezifanekiso

Amapayipi asebenza ngemishini namathuluzi okukhipha amafu ayenze umsebenzi owenzelwe kude kakhulu wendalo ye-aine. Ama-Freelance angaxhumanisa manje namapulatifomu anjenge-ShotGrid noma i-fark, afake amapayipi avivinywe ngezisebenzi ezilondekile, futhi ahlanganyele ezinhlabeni zokubukeza zangempela esebenzisa amabhodi amhlophe. Umqedazwe we-COVOVID wandisa lolushintsho, kodwa isakhiwo sesakhiwo besilokhu sakhiwa njengezikhungo ezifuna italenta ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esikhulu iTokyo.

Ikhono elikude linweba amathuba emingcele. I-flancer e-Philippines inganika umsebenzi wokulungisa indawo yokusebenza e-Kyoto esekelwe e-Ototo, kuyilapho isigaxa esiyinhloko eFrance sithatha izinyathelo zokulandelana nge-Netflix Exrione. Lokhu kuveza amazwi amasha amasha obuciko futhi kuvumela ukuguquka ngokushesha ezingxenyeni zesikhathi. Nokho, futhi kuletha izinselele: imingcele yempucuko nolimi ingaba lula ukuhlukanisa indlela, futhi ukuqhekeka kokusebenza kuvame ukuqinisa ubunzima bengqondo bensimu ephezulu kakade yokucindezela. Abakhululeki abaphezulu abaphumelelayo bachitha kakhulu ukuzikhuza nokuxhumana okusheshayo, kodwa futhi bavame ukuphatha imikhondo eminingi yesikhashana ukuze bahlale behlangene neqembu elisakazeke kakhulu.

Ithonya Lokuntula Nempicabadala Yezisebenzi

Imboni ye-amime ibhekene nokuswelakala okukhulu kwabadwebi abanekhono. Ngokokuhlola kwamashumi amabili nanye kwe-2019 okwenziwa yi-Japane Creators Association (JANICA), isilinganiso seholo laminyaka yonke lezisebenzi ezisebenza ngenkathi yama-20 sasiphakathi kwe-121.1 zigidi zezigidi ze-USD, imali exosha abaningi emsebenzini. [i-Data] kusukela kuleyo nkathi [ yaveza ukuthi iholo eliphansi nesilinganiso sejubane elingaphezu kwesokungathiwa lithathelwa indawo. Ukuntula okungakhona kungenza umthwalo osele kakhulu kulabo abasele, kudala umjikelezo wokutuswa okuqeda kokubili ukunelisa kahle nemfanelo.

I-Freelancers ihamba phambili kulobububuxhaphozi. I-Studios ivame ukugxila ekubekeni isikhathi esimisiwe ngamaphaphu amafushane, ilindele ukuba abaqondisi bemidwebo babhekane nenqwaba yemidwebo ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kwabaningi, ukutubeka akuqali njengesenzakalo esisodwa kodwa njengokuncipha kancane kancane. Izimpawu ezingokomzimba ezinjengobuhlungu beqolo obungapheli, ukulimala okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nezinkinga zokubona zivamile. Ukukhathala ngokomzwelo kungadambisa inhlansi eyabadonsela enjinini. Ukusinda njengenkomfa ekhululekileyo ifuna njalo impompoza ngengozi ye - bhover, ikhefu, nokuzimisela ukubuyisela emuva ngokumelene nezikhathi ezingalindelekile. Umthetho ukufundisa okungavamile.

Izinqubo Zobuchwepheshe Zokuguqula I - anime

Amathuluzi emishini aphinde achaza i-athombox ye-athom, ukuhlanganisa i-software eyinkimbinkimbi ne-software engalingisa i-physics, ukukhanya okunamandla, nokunyakazisa ikhamera. Ku-flanclancs, ukuhlala usebenza ngalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe akusabalulekile; kuyisidingo sokufinyelela imisebenzi evuza kakhulu.

Ukutholwa Kwesici Sesithathu Nokusetshenziswa Kwendledlana

Isivinini sesifanekiso sesisukile ku-speed se-screen yokukhiqizwa kwe-orenji. Studios njenge-Orange, eyaziwa ngezihloko ezinjenge-2D nge- Izwe leLustraus ne iBea Stars[, yakhe yonke imidlalo elandelanayo esekelwe ku-3D yemifanekiso efana ne-cel-detd, isebenzisa izinqubo ze-croscopes uma ivumela i-operation yekhamera eyinkimbinkimbi.[FLT] ne-methopy yezobuchwepheshe idweba amabala ezithombe kumishini yobuchwepheshe, yenza inzwa esekelwe engokwemvelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-scrive meadccolown efic.

Kumuntu okhululekile, onekhono ngamathuluzi afana ne-Compitamer, iMaya, noma i-Cinema 4D ivula iminyango yemisebenzi eminingi. Imisebenzi eminingi manje ihlanganisa amafelemu angenayo ama-intshi yesandla nama-3D emiklamweni yezizinda noma amaprop emishini eyinkimbinkimbi. U-flancer ongahlanganisa izinto ze-3D ne-2D mortum("... ngokufaka udrako ngentambo bese esebenzisa ukudweba kwesandla ngemithunzi nangesifanekiso esiqinile. I-"ijika elibalulekile, kodwa umvuzo wokufunda uyinto ekwazi ukudluliswa ku-a i-imime, imidlalo, nesithombe se-movie.

Intuthuko Ekukhanyeni Nasemzimbeni

Ukukhanya kwe-apime kwaqala ngalé komthunzi oyisicaba. I-software yanamuhla efana ne-Adobe Asendropthies ne-Toon Boum Harmony yenza abadwebi bathande ukumboza inkungu emkhathini, unkulunkulu, kanye namaphuzu agqamile ashintshana nemizwelo yesimo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokulandelana kokushona kwelanga, i-aimator ingadweba ngokucasuka ulwembu lohlobo lwezinwele olukhanyisayo ukuze lufane nendawo ezungezile, ibangele ukuba kube nokukhanya okubonisayo okwake kwaba nesakheke ngokunelisayo.

Unyakazo lophawu luye lwathuthuka ngendlela efanayo. Imishini ye-physics isiza izinwele nendwangu ukuba kusebenze ngendlela ekholisayo, inciphisa isidingo sesifanekiso sesibili sokusebenza. Okwamanje, amathuluzi okufaka izinombolo asiza ekufakeni phakathi, nakuba kungekho lutho oluthatha indawo yeso eliqeqeshiwe lengcweti ekulondolozeni lezi zingqimba. I-Freelancers ekwaziyo ukulawula lamathuluzi kuyilapho ilondoloza “inhliziyo ye-athomu” yenkulumo yesiko eveza i-ayilabo abathola umsebenzi wabo uphakeme ekuqokomiseni i-Bhoa.

Ubuchwepheshe Bezifanekiso Obusuka Ku - 2D Buya Ku - 3D

Ingxoxo ephakathi kwe-2D ne 3D isikhule yaba yisixube esixubile. Kuyinto evamile ukubona umjovo lapho uhlamvu oludwetshwa ngesandla lusebenzelana khona no-3D mecha ojikelezayo ngombono ophelele, noma lapho i-2D ibekwe khona ebhanonini le-3D ukuze ikwazi ukuhlanganisa i-parallax. Ibonisa njengoku Delemon Slayer[ edumile isebenzisa izinsika zesithathu zekhamera ezijikelezayo, bese ukhekhensi oluveza imiphumela yesandla phezulu, ugcine ikhono lokusebenza lizwa liyi-ayimime yomculo ngesikhathi uthola uketshezi lwezithombe.

Ku-freverlancers, lokhu kuhlanganiswa komsebenzi oxubile kusho impumelelo ekhethekile engokomnotho. Ingcweti enganikeza i-3D ebonakala ingaphandle eliqinile ukuze isikwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, bese isebenzisa izihluthulelo zokugcina ze-2D, ukusebenza kahle njengomnyango wokulungisa. Labo abamelana nokufunda ngemishini ye-Foctal 3D bangase bathole amathuba abo anciphile njengemigqa eqhubekela phambili imingcele yalokho i-aime engabukeka ngayo.

Izomnotho Ezishintshayo Nezimo Zomsebenzi Zemishini Ekhululekile

Kunokuba kube khona uthando, imishini yehrelance iyibhizinisi lokuxoxa ngezivumelwano, ukulandelela ama - invoice, futhi ngokuvamile ukwamukela imali ekhokhwayo ngaphansi kakhulu komnyango. Ukuqonda indawo engokwezimali nengokomthetho kubaluleke njengekhono lobuciko nganoma ubani onethemba lokusekela umsebenzi.

Izindleko Zezisebenzi Nokucatshangelwa Kwemali Etholakalayo

Naphezu kwemali enkulu ewunikazi yembulunga yonke — isilinganiso sezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi phela esincishiswayo ukuze ikhululwe imishini ekhokhayo. EJapane, isici esiyinhloko esingaqalayo singakhokhwa ngokulinganiswa, ngezinye izikhathi esincane njenge-092,000 (izigidi ezingu-R1,000) (izigidi ezingu-R1,50) ngenani elilodwa elingathatha usuku olugcwele noma ngaphezulu. Abakhululeki abavame ukuzithola bemukela lamanani okungaguquguqukiyo ukuze balondoloze izinga lomsebenzi. EUnited States, isivikelo neholo elilinganiselwe yemithetho inikeza isisekelo esiphezulu esingcono, ikakhulukazi njengaseCalifornia, New York, kanye neGeorgia ebanzi. Izikhulu zezikhulu ze-California zingazuza imithetho eqinile (i-CaliforniaB) ezifuna ukuhlelwa ngokuhleleka okukhulu.

Ukuhlanganisa iholo elingcono, izingxenyana eziningi ezikhululekile zithatha indima eyodwa: izifanekiso eziyisihluthulelo, ukulungisa, ubuciko besizinda, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukufundisa noma ukusekela imisebenzi yomuntu siqu. Amasonto angu-60 abangelwa yiwona awanakusetshenziswa kwabaningi, okunengxenye ekuncipheni kwemboni. Ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi okukhona kunikeza abasebenzisi abakhululekile abakwaziyo ukuphehla i-gasstiki, kodwa ukushintsha kwesimiso kudinga isenzo esisodwa.

Umthetho Welungelo Lombhali Nezivikelo Ezingokomthetho

I-Freelance animators ngokuvamile basayina umsebenzi-wodwa izivumelwano ezidlulisela wonke amalungelo empahla e-okhentishini noma ekomitini yokukhiqiza. EJapane, iphutha ngaphansi koMthetho we-Copyright Act lisho ukuthi umdali ekuqaleni unamalungelo emsebenzini wakhe, kodwa cishe uhlanganisa cishe njalo, ukwenza ukuba inkampani ekhiqizayo ibe nobunikazi obugcwele. Uma isikwele senziwa, isigungu esilawulayo ngokuvamile asifuni ukuzisholoza ukuba aphinde asebenzise, abonise, noma ngisho nokuhlanganisa umsebenzi wabo emsebenzini womuntu siqu ngaphandle kwemvume.

Lendawo engokomthetho ingaba nenzondo kakhulu uma uchungechunge luba yisici esingokwesiko. Umqambi we-flancer owaklama indawo efana ne-odolic noma izimpawu zegciwane akatholi nzuzo esele ngokungenayo ekuthutheleni kwenkosi, ukuthengiselana, noma ukufushanisa amazwe angaphandle. Amanye amazwe anikeza isivikelo esiqinile esingokokuziphatha.[1] Ngokwesibonelo, anikeza ababhali ilungelo elingenakuthuthwa lokunikela ngamanani akhululekile ahhhanjiswayo, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi ezisakazekile emhlabeni wonke, aqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nesivikelo esiyisisekelo sidinga isenzo esibizayo esingokomthetho abangenakusithenga. Ukufunda yonke imibambo yesivumelwano sokuziphatha, futhi bafune iseluleko esingokomthetho lapho kungenzeka khona, kudingekile ukuba banikeze abalobi abakhululekile.

Indima Nezindlela Ezihlukahlukene Zokuxhumana Ngezindawo

I-Freelance aimators ingaba nemisebenzi emide: izihluthulelo zihlela izimpawu ezibalulekile kanye nesikhathi; phakathi kwabadwebi bagcwalisa izikhala zokuhamba; abaculi abalungisayo bacwengisisa futhi bahlanganise izitayela; abadwebi besizinda badweba zonke izinto ngezibani nangemiphumela; izifekethisi ze-3D zakha izakhiwo zemishini. Indima ngayinye ithwala izinga layo elikhokhayo nemfuno. Isilinganiso esiyinhloko, nakuba sihlonishwa kakhulu, sivame ukukhokhwazwa ngesivinini ngasinye. Imishini yokudweba ivala isivinini esikhulu. I-opera yemuva ne-omperation inganikeza amazinga aqinile esivumelwano, ikakhulukazi emikhankambini yemisebenzi ekhona.

Izindaba zezwe zisekhona, nakuba umsebenzi okude ulula imiphumela yalo. IJapane isalokhu iyisikhungo samandla adonsela phansi ukuze ikhiqize, kodwa imiphakathi yezifanekiso e-South Korea, i-China, i-Philippines, ne-Vietnam manje isebenza njalo phakathi komsebenzi okhona. Izakhiwo zaseNtshonalanga eLos Angeles, i-New York, ne-Atlantanta zinweba imibhobho yawo ye-ayimibhobho efakwa emthonjeni we-injini ye-ayimine, eqhutshwa yimibhobho efaka i-ayidi yokuqala e-ayinki. I-flix eLisbon noma eBuenos Aires isebenza eprojecter uma inekhono futhi ix. Isihluthulelo siwukwazi ukubona indawo, ukwakha i-injini ethembekile e-inthanetini yocingo, kanye ne-meseqelensi yeze-DCDcord, isem, imicimbi yezemboni, ne-mishishini yezensebenzi yezenhla yezenhla yezenhla yeze.

Ithonya Le - animator Ekhuluma Ngezindaba Zanamuhla Nezokuzijabulisa Kwembulunga Yonke

Ngaphandle kwezomnotho namathuluzi, abaqondisi bezithombe balungisa zona kanye izindaba esizibona kuthelevishini. Ukuzimela kwabo kuthuthukisa ukungcoliswa kwemibono, amasu, kanye namasiko okuhlanganisa ukugqamisa uchungechunge oluvusa inkanuko, ifilimu, nemidlalo.

Ithonya Lezisebenzi Zokuphehla Imikhiqizo

I-fremulance encikene nemvelo ivumela izinhlobonhlobo eziphawulekayo zamazwi obuciko ukuba zingene ezingeni eliphezulu. Isizukulwane se- “webgen” `izazi eziqale ukuqashelwa ngokuthumela umsebenzi wazo emapulatifomu ezezenyuziyamu"(-arecurtus") zifake izitayela eziluhlaza, zomuntu siqu embonini yezentengiselwano. Izitayela ezifana ne-Bahi JD ne Vincent Chansard zaziwa ngoketshezi lwazo olungalindelekile, indlela yewebhu yokuhamba nokwakheka, futhi ukuma kwazo kwazivumela ukuba zinikele izinqubo ezinkulu zesakhiwo sendlu yezokusebenza ngaphandle kokubophamba isicathulo esisodwa. Le nkululeko yokunqamlula ephakathini enziswa ngezenzo ezingalindelekile nezimpawu ezibonisa izimpawu ezithinta imizwelo kakhulu, engxenyeni eshubile, ethinta ngokomzwelo.

Imidlalo namafilimu inzuzo ngokulinganayo. Umdwebi wezolimi owenziwe nge-indy owenziwe wakha i-idie angaletha lokho kuthatheka okuncane kakhulu emdlalweni we-amime OP. Umdwebi we-Proplay waseNtshonalanga oqashwe kude angase athonye ukunyakazisa kwesenzakalo sempikisi, aveze amabhanometic azizwa esha. Umphumela uwukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo kolimi lokubona, okukhushulwa emhlabeni yizinjane ezikhululekile ezihamba phakathi kwemboni.

Ukuhlobana Okuphawulekayo Neziteshi Ezinkulu

Ama-studio amakhulu akha ngokuqhubekayo ama-rocster awo okusungula equleni lembulunga yonke lethalenta lokukhulula. ngokwesibonelo, i-netflix's anime, ihlanganisa abaqondisi bamahhala, ama-collecter, nama-aimator asuka eJapan, e-Europe, naseNyakatho Melika ukuze anikeze uchungechunge olunjengo [[FLT:] Umthathi: i-Diagnow [[[[[FLT]] i-eult [FLD] [FL:1] noma [FLD] i-CYBYberton: i-Evernsters[[FLT] i-FLD: 3]. i-Studio Trogne [iright ne-progdet] eqedgistsssssss ku-opperper, umhleli odumile kakhulu, ngokulingana nomhleli we-Stuaved, umhleli ogcwele kakhulu, ngokulandelanisa i-Pc.

Lokhu kubambisana kuzuzisa zombili izinhlangothi. Ama-Freelancers athola izikweleti ze-portolio-difeining i-octer ekwazi ukuthenga imithombo emikhulu ye-bidget; amastudio athola amakhono akhethekile angenaso isikhathi eside phezulu. Njengoba umkhiqizo okude uba yinto evamile[[, ubudlelwane obunjalo bungakhula, bufihleke ngokwengeziwe umugqa phakathi kwe-“ endlini” kanye“ nokungalingani" nokunikeza izintambo ezibolekisa izivumelwano zesivumelwano.

Imikhuba Ebangelwa I - Animie, Ibhayisikobho, Nokuzitika Ngegazi

Ngokwandayo, izikhitshane ezikhululayo zihamba ngoketshezi phakathi kwe-ayini, ifilimi eyisici, kanye nentuthuko yomdlalo. Izinjini zemidlalo zangempela ezinjenge-Unreal Engine zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izilandelano ze-aine, futhi izithunzi ze-aime-style zivame emidlalweni enjenge [ Genschin Impact. I-injini ekhululekileyo ukuqonda kokubili isikhathi esisheshayo sezifanekiso zemidlalo kanye ne-emotive ye-aine ingayala umsebenzi owenziwe kuzo zombili imikhakhathi. Lokhu kubangele ukuba i-productivesss ekhiqini efana ne [FLDFFF: FFF]

Izindawo zokukhiqiza zomhlaba wonke ziyanda, zishukunyiswa ukugcwala kwezindawo zesikhulumi ezinxanela izinto ezikhangayo emasikweni. I-Freelancers eVietnam noma e-Spain ingasebenzisa iphupho lokulandelana kwe-Korean-cococo ehloselwe izilaleli zaseNtshonalanga. Lo mfanekiso wembulunga yonke ubangela amathuba ajabulisayo okuxubile okungokwesiko kodwa futhi ukhulisa ukukhathazeka ngokukhukhuleka kwezindinganiso zomsebenzi. Njengoba umngcele phakathi kwe-aime, ifilimu, nokugebha kuqhubeka kuncibilika, i-ancelance antimator imeter ime ephakathi kwe-injini yendalo nenguquko yezomnotho, lapho ukufunda okuqhubekayo, nokubona kahle kwezivumelwano kuyimishini kuphela esindayo.

Ukuhlola Icala: Igama Lakho, Liphelelwe Ithemba, Izikhulu ZingamaMonoke

Ithonya lenkululeko lifakwa kwezinye zezici ezithandekayo kakhulu ze-animator. Igama Lakho (2016], eliqondiswe nguMakoto Shinai, lahlanganisa iqembu lesihluthulelo se-Freelance ukuze liphathe uphawu oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-filimi esetshenziswayo kanye nokubukisa indawo ezungezile. Izazi ezazakha idumela elizimele kuyi-inthanethi zaletha indalo engokwemvelo yolimi lwe-protagonists, eyandisa ingaphakathi lendaba. ikhono labo lokuveza izinkulumo ezifingqiwe ezingabonakali kalula-amthuko, ukuntsheka kwesandla esishintshashintshashintshayo.

I-Hayao Miyazaki [[FULT:0] Yashonisa (2001]] kanye [[FLT:]Princes Monoke [1997]) futhi yathembela kakhulu ethaleni elikhululekileyo, naphezu kokuba i-Studio Ghibli’s eyaziwa kakhulu endlini ye-pidree. [enze izingxube zempi ezivelele] [FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT:] [FLT], i-undationators yaletwa ekuphatheni i-ss, i-bio ewunkulunkulu kanye nempisiculo. [iphani enkulu kakhulu] i-Yude, ibonelela i-micuba i-engile ephakeme kakhulu.[5]

I-tradivosi icacile: izimboni ezikhululayo aziyona inguquko yesikhashana kodwa insika ehlala njalo nebalulekile yenjini yokudala ye-aime. Izindaba zazo `zezinto ezintsha, ukulwa, nokunqoba okuthule ngemva kwe-freyimu" zisiza ekunakeni okukhulu njengoba izithombe ezizivezayo ziqhubeka. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka zivuthwa emhlabeni wonke kanye namapayipi emishini, ubuhlobo phakathi kwemishini ye-scadio nemishini ezimele buyo kuyochaza inkathi elandelayo yegolide.