Isivinini siwumsebenzi wokunxenxa ukuphila ekusaseni. Ngaphesheya kwekhulu leminyaka lokuhlola, ibutho elincane labadwebi nonjiniyela liye lahlola imingcele yokuhamba, umzwelo, kanye nobuqiniso obungokomzimba. Phakathi kwamandla ashintsha kakhulu kulowomlando kunabaguquli abaphendulela ukunakekela kwabo ngaphakathi ngezansi. Labadwebi, bonke bekhunjulwa njenge- “Bones” amaphayona, babamba isimiso manje esibonakala sisobala kodwa sake saba ukuqhekeka okukhulu: ukunyakaza okuqinisekile okusuka esakhelweni sangaphakathi. Ngokufunda i-atramentiums, ubunjiniyela ohlanganisa arrings, futhi ekugcineni banikeza umdwebi wokwakheka kwezimiso zobuchwepheshe, banikeza umdwebo okwazi ukuchaza kabusha lokho okungenziwa nokwazi ukuzizwa.

Igama elithi “amathumbu” kulomomo lifana nomfanekiso ongokoqobo nongokomfanekiso. Kuwo wonke umklamo, yachaza izitho zensimbi ezisebenza ngokulungisa ngokucubungula. Emishinini yokudweba ngesandla, lalisho ukuvukela ukuchasana nobuciko benjoloba. Amabhangqa akuqala ayemelene nama-athonsi, isisindo, kanye nesimo esiqinile. Ezithombeni zekhomputha, yaba yisikhundla se-milithane ye-enters-met /a digitary ye-node eshish. Enkathini yonke, ama-Bonels ayenemba athanda ukuhloka kanye nezakhiwo zangaphakathi. Amafaksimu abo awavanga akhi emineraliwe eminyuziyamu; ahamba ngawo wonke amafekethi avamile, wonke amafekthme, ngisho nasemasimini afana nemishini yokuhliza.

Ukufa Kwenguquko Yenhlangano

Ngaphambi kokuba ama-aimator ashaye i-kingframe eyodwa, inkinga yokwenza i-offramet inyakazise i- credid ngokungathandabuzeki yayingenampendulo elula. Ukuhlola kwakuqala kwefilimu kwaphatha opopayi nemidwebo njengemiklamo eyisicaba ukuba iphinde ibekwe. Imiphumela yayimihle kodwa ingenasisisindo. Amathambo aqaphela ukuthi ukunyakaza kusuka esilinganisweni somzimba. Umjikelezo awunyakazi nje imilenze; uhamba nje imilenze, ujikeleza umgogodla, umgogodla, uvala i - clocking shang, ihlombelo evala amahlombe. Ngokufaka lemicumbe endalo yawo, lensuntluza ukunyakaza izimpawu zensimbi engaphandle kuya ekwakhelweni.

Lokhu akusona isenzakalo esingavamile. Savela ezindaweni zokulungisa imishini, ematafuleni okudweba emagumbini amakhulu, futhi kamuva emishinini yokuhlola amakhompuyutha yaseyunivesithi. I-oyile-smear machinigin, imishini eqeqeshiwe yokudweba, kanye nososayensi bekhompuyutha abaqeqeshiwe bonke banikela. Okwabenza babahlanganisa ukuba bangaziphathi njengezinsika ezimbaxa. Bakha ngaphakathi, futhi benza kanjalo, babeka isisekelo sazo zonke izindlela ezazilandela.

I - stomût menotion’s Crew: Ama - Arched Awubuciko

Esikhundleni semifanekiso emithathu [1] [FLT] uhlaka lwamathambo lwaluvame ukuba yisici sensimbi esingokoqobo. uWillis O’Brien, i-active ebonayo ephambili ngemva Izwe elilahlekile[[[FLT] [1925]) kanye neyakuqala [[FLT:] King Kong[[[FLT] [[FLT]] [[FLT] [[33] [33], yasungula ukusetshenziswa kwebhola ephindiwe ngenkani (i-i-injini yama-akthanet[[[[FLT]]. Lezinto zazingamilelishicishiwe. [o'obrien'sner's stery's stered, kanye nezinsuntscrialls , kodwa zazenza amabhokisi angaphakathi.

O’Brien’s protégé Ray Harryhausen waphakamisa ukukhula kwabanobuciko obuhle. Ngaphezu komsebenzi ohlanganisa amafilimu anjenge [[FLT:] inqubo yesi-7 yeSinbad ne [[FLT] [FLT] [[FLT] [4] ne-Argonauts, uHarhamon waclathoza lokho akubiza ngokuthi iDynamics [[[5] inqubo exhomeke ekulinganisweni okuqondile kophahla oluqinileyo. Isidalwa ngasinye sakhiwa emhlaza, emahlombe ahlangene, namathumbuku, futhi ngokuvamile kuvela emhlane.[3] UHarmarkieult, kodwa enziswe kakhulu, i-ogrown.[7] i-skey'exmonglet profred, i-evey'exmong, i-iethe syfrong, i-og

Lelisiko laqhubeka no uPhil Tippett, osimiso sakhe seGothion se- Impinga Eyagxabha ibuya emuva ifakelwe imishini eqondile ukuba ifake i-athods eqinileyo ngokulandelana. Lokhu kwavumela onodoli ukuba bahambe kancane phakathi nokuvala okuvulekile, beveza ukunyakaza okungaqondakaliyo ekunqamukeni kwesiko. Futhi, isiqalo sasiqinile emathanjeni; i-arkickicrip yadingeka ukuba ivuse ngokwanele ukwamukela ukufakwa komshini lapho isahambisa izicici ezici ezibonisa ukuphefumula, ukushintshana kwemisipha esiphilayo, nokuthuthumela kwemisipha esiphilayo.

Izimbobo Ezinomsoco: Ukusuka Enjolobani Kuya Ezweni Elingokoqobo

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakunokuhlubuka okufanayo ezweni le-2D imishini yokuhlikihla. Ngawo-1920, abadwebi baqala ukufunda nge- “ruberpay” ama-octal" (ama-mibhobho angenakho ukukhomba kwamathambo noma ukuhlangana. Lo mklamo wawuwuketshezi kodwa wawungenasisindo nokwakheka. EDisney kanye nezinye izikhungo zobuciko, isizukulwane esisha sabadwebi saqala ukufunda ngezilwane nangokwakheka komuntu ngokulingana nabahlaziyi. Bahlaziya indlela ithambo lomqolo elijika ngayo, indlela ibhande elinyakaza ngayo, nendlela ibhande lenyonga elinqamuka ngayo. Umgomo wabo wawungewona umgomo wangempela ngenxa yaso, kodwa ukubonakaliswa okunamandla kakhulu okwavela ekukhuleni kohlobo lweqiniso.

Izipopolo ezifana i-Bill Tytla kanye ne-'FLT]Vladimir Tytla zifanekiselwa lendlela. Ukusebenza ezincekwini ezinjengendlovukazi embi [[FLT:]] i-Whill ] mhlophe [[[FLT]] [uhlobo] nedemoni uChernabog [u-'i-FLT] [FLTY:6]] [i Fantasias[, idalenze ibonakale iveza ukushukuma kwamathambo. Zonke izenzo zabonakala zisuka emathanjeni amazinyo. Umphumela wohlobo olufanayodwayo emile emileni yayo. Ukushintsha i-pansi yemiculogodi enzile, i-injini ye-fizin echazwa nge-inyo.

Amathambo Amanani: Intuthuko Eqhubekayo

Inguquko ye-computer yama-1970 nawo 1980 yenza amathambo aqala ukusebenzisa indlela entsha kakhulu. Abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yase-Utah nase-New York Institute of Technology babhekana nenkinga eyindida: indlela yokwenza i-exmoding ingahambi ngaphandle kokulungisa wonke amathambo e-interbex. Ikhambi kwakuyi-astrigillary yamalunga namathambo ngaphakathi, futhi babopha i-mesh kulelothambo, ukujikeleza kwethambo elilodwa kwakungenza ithambo lisebenze lonke. Lokhu kwakuyinguqulo yezibalo ye-avergen argen arging.

Phakathi kwabasekeli bokuqala kwakune- Catmull kanye Fred Parke. Catmull, kamuva ikhokhorator yePixazar, ehlolwe ngezimpawu zezandla nobuso. Parke wadala enye yemiklamo yokuqala eqinile engaphandle, eqhutshwa isakhiwo sangaphakathi sethambo. Umsebenzi wabo, ubhalwe i-ISRAPH imilando yakudala [, yasungula isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sezo zonke izenzo zobunyoni zanamuhla. Namuhla, uphawu olusemfane nesithombeni olufilimiweyo, alukhokhithiwe yi-geometry. I-geometgeometic symetic i-smeternal.

I-software enjenge-Autodesk Maya yenza lemiqondo itholakale embonini ebanzi. I-Maya ivumela abadwebi ukuba bakhe amathambo, basebenzise izici ezihlukene, futhi bathobe izinsimbi zesikhumba. Udrako ngamunye [ku- IGame of Thrones, zonke izibankwa ezinde kakhulu kuyi-filimi ekhangisiwe, futhi zonke izihambi ezisene embonini ye-scibring zikhona kulo mbhobho. Kodwa umshini ngokwawo ukhona ngenxa yamaBools ayecabanga ukuthi awukho umgangatho ongaphandle, kodwa awukho njenge-ccutficle.

Izinqubo Eziyinhloko Ezashintsha Ubuciko

Amaphayona amathambo awazange nje akhe amathambo angcono; asungula izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezashintsha indlela yokusebenzisa izifanekiso.

Ukunyakaza Kwamathambo Okwedlulele

I-stacs hidden highled stres propectus yakhubazeka i-almetary. Amathambo anezela ububanzi obusha: ukweqisa ukujikeleza nokuma kwamalunga angaphansi ukuze adayise isisindo namandla. E-stommotion, lokhu kwakusho ukuthi i-arriptic ingafakwa ngaphezu kwe-engile engokoqobo, kodwa ukunyakaza kusafundeka yiqiniso ngenxa yokuthi iphuzu lomzimba lokugoba [1] iqophelo lokukhomba, ingalo yensimbi (insimbi yokujikijeka), yagcinwa. Kuyi-2D, yaholela ekumiseni lapho wonke umgogodla owe egobile, namahlombe alandela i-emboko, kanye nekhanda elicacile, elicacile. Lendlela yanikeza ngisho nesenzo esinelisayo.

Ifilosofi Yezifanekiso Zamasakhiwo

Phakathi nendawo, izilinganiso zokwakha zigcizelela ukuthi wonke umklamo wophawu uqala ngokwakheka okufundwayo ngaphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudweba i-biod esuliweyo kane noma ukudweba i-biped, umdwebo uqala ukuchaza i-balbanccage, umgogodla, amasondo, namalunga amalunga omzimba. Ukunyakaza kuvinjelwa ngokunyakazisa lolungqimba lomzimba, futhi indawo elandelanayo. Indlela ivumela indlela yokuhamba enziwayo nokunyakaza okungaguquguqukiyo kanye nokususa izimpawu ezingaguquguqukiyo. Izidalwa zika- Harryharlifen azizange zikhishwe obumbaneni; amathambo azo amazinyo azo aphinde asebenze ngendlela engathembela kuyo. Isimiso esifanayo sanamuhla, lapho uhlaka oluvamile lwamagemgemgemgemgezo olubizwa ngokuthi “ie" [1] [iis] ikhodio oluqalayo wonke umuntu.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Okuminyene

Isivinini sakuqala salwa nokuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ezinyakazayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa i-conerafe. Ama-aphones aqala ukuthwebula izimpawu ngokuhlukanisa ijubane lophawu lwezindiza ezihlukene zokwakha. E-stomotion, isenzakalo esiyinkimbinkimbi singahlanganisa isidalwa esizihambelayo ngenkathi yaso emile, nesilo esifuzekile, kamuva sihlanganiswe ngekhamera noma nge-opicly. Ngo-2D, ikhanda lophawu, i-torro, kanye nezithonsi zazingadonswa emazini ahlukene, ngalinye lihlotshaniswe ngesikhathi salo. Lokhu kwavumela uketshezi oluhambayo, ikhanda elizimele, futhi ingalo ejikayo ukuze lihlale ngaphandle kokuphula ubunye bohlaka.

Ukuziphendukela Kweziqu Zasendulo

Ama-o’Brien amathambo ensimbi ayenobunkimbinkimbi obuphawulekayo. Ama-Harryhausen ayenobunzima obuqinile, ayesebenzisa izakhi ezishintshanayo futhi avumela ama-millices ajikelezayo kuzo zonke izintambo ezinkulu. UPhil Tiplett wasunduza lo mqondo nge-Goàmotion, kuyilapho kamuva ayeyeka iziteshi eziqinile ezifana neLaika eziqhubeka zingena emhlabeni ne-3DÍgracle ewashiwe encibilikayo eshaya ikhanda elinombala owehlukene. Kuleyo ndawo ye-militiki, i-arbex yaba yi-deadentine, ehlanganiswe ngezimiso zokulawula ne-clotive. Kodwa umqondo oyinhloko wamathambo ongakhushukuma i-frame, ne-stydrose. Zonke lezi zimpompono ze-omfo zikagesi zikhona ezisekwehlelayo, zisuka ezinsuswe ezinsusweni ze-Boogne.

Ifa Elishintsha Yonke Isizinda

Ithonya lokucabanga kwamathambo enphakathi lidlulela ngalé kokubongwa kwamafilimu ambalwa aphambili. Namuhla, i-almon TD (Technical menejal) ingenye yezindima ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni. I-Rigling(ukwakhiwa kohlaka olunomthetho olunolwembu olunolwethuku olunomthetho olunokubaluleka olusha). I-aimator ikhetha umlawuli wehlombe, ijikeleza, futhi ingalo yokulinganisa i-TD, i-deformes, kanye nobunzima bokudluliswa kwesikhumba kubonakala ngoba uhlaka lwakhelwe kahle. Lo msebenzi, manje uhamba ngokulandela iziteshi ezisezingeni elifana ne-Pix, Droms Lols, ne-Celmap & Magic, ungowodwa owe-mkhomba-zimboni we-micul, u-injini, i-enjini, i-injini, i-enjini, i-enjini, i-endecculorip, i-eved proper arn proactrients, properd

Ukuthatha ubuchwepheshe bendlela kuqinisa ukuxhumeka. Uma umdlali egqoka isudi ye-mocap, iziphawuli ezibonisa izimpawu ezibonisa amathambo ohlaka oluthi thayiphu, indololwane, amadolo. Imininingwane ebambekayo iqhuba amathambo amanani, futhi amathambo aqhube ubuntu. Injini zemidlalo enjenge Nhlangano ne-Unigralial Engine idinga umdwebi oqinile nomhlophe, lapho ithonya lethambo ngalinye kimi lipendwe futhi lihlolwe. Imboni yezokuzijabulisa, kusukela kwizihloko ezintathu ezithi ngqaa kuya kwimisebenzi yasedie, ihlala esisekelweni sokucabanga okuqinile. Amaphayona awanakulindele ukuthi iFortni noma VR, kodwa abhala amapulani.

Ithonya lifinyelela ngisho nasekwelapheni nasenjiniyela. Izimiso zemishini ye-Skelenal manje zisetshenziselwa ukulingisa amakhenika amalungu ukuze aklanywe, ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo, nokuqeqesha abelaphi abangokomzimba. Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwesilinganiso samalungu, izilinganiso zobude bamathambo, kanye namandla adonsela phansi aqala ezikhungweni zokuhlola izifanekiso manje zisiza izazi zemitholampilo nabacwaningi ukuba baqonde ukusebenza kwabantu. Lokhu kugcizelela indlela amaphayona athinta ngayo iqiniso elibanzi ngokunyakaza: uma ungazikha futhi ulawule amathambo, ungalingisa ukuphila.

Ukusuka Ngemva Kwezindawo Ezihlukile Kuya Esikhungweni Seziteji: Ukuvumbulula Amaphayona

Amashumi eminyaka, ama-computer ayesebenza ngokuzifihla. Abadwebi bemicu babevame ukubhekwa njengabakhiqizi bamabhande abashaqekayo emaphethelweni emboni ye-2D. Abaqophi babo babengamathuluzi okulungisa imishini, bengagubhi imidwebo. Ososayensi becomputer ababehlela izinsimbi zokuqala zemishini ezinyatheliswa komagazini bezemfundo, kude kakhulu nomphakathi. UHarryhausen ngokwakhe wathola ukuqashelwa kakhulu kamuva ekuphileni. Abadwebi abaningi abathakathi abakha iziklamo ze-akhilidi noma abenzi bezithombe zokudweba ngekhono lamaphayona babelokhu bengaziwa ukuthi balalele abantu abaningi.

Ngenhlanhla, izinhlangano manje zisebenza ukulungisa irekhodi. Imibukiso e- ye-FLT ehambayo ne-[FLT]'Academy Museum of Motion Pictures[ ibonise imidwebo yensimbi eqinile, imidwebo yokuqala ethwebulayo ebhalwe ngemidwebo ebhalwe ngokwezinsika, kanye neCGIdingpagengrbanga ze-sofy. Ibhuloho nemisebenzi yokubuyisela izinto manje inakekela ukuthi umshini washintshwa kanjani, indlela i-62 ye-atry ayelingene ngayo, nendlela umenzi we-mimeotam owenziwe ngendlela ekhethekile. Izindlela ze-'injini eziphambili ezisetshenziswayo. Izifundiswa ze-Socie-Stuectives Flue-S[Fluctive'''''ibhuculkt'ibhul'ibhul'ie, ezibonisa ukubonakala kwayo inguquko eziqinile; Amandla amanani amanani akuqala; Asebenza kanye kanye nalezo.

Ukufundisa Igagasi Elilandelayo Labakhi Bamathambo

Ifilosofi yamaphini amathambo isici esiyisisekelo semfundo yemilinganiso. Izinhlelo zamadegremu nama-internet coptamp, abafundi baqala ngokufunda ukwakheka kwamathambo angempela. Bafunda amagama amathambo, indlela amalunga asebenza ngayo, nendlela imisipha enamathela ngayo futhi idonsa. Kulapho kuphela lapho bekha iketango olufanayo. Bafundiswa ukubuza: Siphi isisindo? Iliphi ilungu elihambayo elisekela ukugxuma?

Isimiso sokudweba i-xtemprater's system sesandisa lemfundo. Isimiso sokudweba i-Atramer', namathuluzi aso okupenda isisindo, sikhona mahhala. I-Online-CNCRP ku-indementatics, i-masting, ne-discraptics ezilungisayo phakathi kwemisuka eminingi ebonwayo yokufundisa ukuhlobisa ama-aimator. Abadwebi be-dentiumc iveza izifushane ezigubhanisa amathambo njengengxenye yokuklama ebonakalayo, ngokuvamile esebenzisa i-Xûray atesthetics noma ukubonisa umshini wokwenziwa nge-mathiscle. Imikhosi manje yamabhayisikobho lapho umshini ufihlekile khona imishini kodwa isicishini somsebenzi.

Kulemboni, ulimi lwamathambo luyanda. Umshini oqinile unconywa ngokuba “nohlaka lwamathambo ahlanzekile,” kuyilapho kuthiwa unohlobo oluphukile.” Ukubukeza okunzima kungezinye zezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni. Lomqondo uyisifanekiso samandla ayisisekelo. Ngaphambi kokuba wongeze uboya, indwangu, noma ubunjani, amathambo afanele azwakale. Le thyos yanikezwa ngokuqondile yilawo maphayona okuqala, futhi iyaqhubeka iklama izinqumo zokwakha zonke izici zokwakha.

Isiphetho: Izakhi Ezithulile Zokuhamba

Ukuphakama kwamangqamuzana asebenza ngamathambo kungokunye okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi okungashiwo lutho kakhulu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo emlandweni wesithombe. Ngokugxilisa umsebenzi wawo emathanjeni, bavala igebe phakathi kwemidwebo engabonakali nokusebenza okungokomzwelo. Ngokunyakazisa okungokweqisayo kwamathambo, ukwakheka, ukuqina, ukuqina okuqinile, nokukhucululwa okungapheli kokuma kokubili okungokomzimba nangokonyaka, bakha ulimi oluthi wonke ama-aimator manje akhulume ngokuthungazelisayo. Ukuyeka izihloko ze-O’Brien, izibankwala ezesabekayo ezicaciswe ngokwezinga umsindo we-msry, izinsi ezicansi ezicacize ze-masmell, kanye nemibhobho eyinkimbinkimbi yemibhobho yanamuhla, zonke izahluko zendaba efanayo.

Ukuvuma la maphayona kwenza okungaphezu kokunezela amagama ohlu lwesikhathi. Iveza ukusungulwa kwamanje ohlwini lwabancibilikisi abaqonda ukuthi ukwakha inkohliso yokuphila kuqala kudinga i-scaffoldation. Umnikelo wawo awubonakali kakhulu ezilalelini, okungaphansi koboya, amasampula, noma isikhumba semisebe. Kodwa kuyisithako esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu emlingoni. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubekela e-AIMPIDiredriven synthesis nase-netnet, isifundo esiyinhloko sihlala singaguquki: ukunyakaza okubalulekile kuqala nge-apply es.