Ucezu lwe-genre luye lwashintsha ngokuthula kodwa lujule, ludlulela ngalé kokudwetshwa okulula kwezimiso zansuku zonke. Kudala ludume ngenxa yekhono lalo lokuthola ubuhle kubantu abavamile, lendlela yokulandisa manje ishintsha kakhulu ekuphendukeleni ekubukeleni amathemba ezilaleli ekunikezeni izindaba ezijulile, eziphazamisayo, neziguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ngokuveza izakhiwo ezivamile, abadali baveza imibono ehlaziyayo ehlaziya indlela esizibona ngayo thina kanye nomhlaba osizungezile.

Ukuqonda Ikhoba Lobudlwangudlwangu

Esisekelweni sayo, itshe eliphumayo elixoxa ngendaba yokuphila, itshebe ama-schews aphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yesigqi sokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ihlela ukuma kophawu, ukushintshana okungaqondakali ngokomzwelo, nokuhlelwa kwemizuzu emincane eyakha ukuphila. Ngokungafani nemifantu esekelwe ezinhlonhlwini zempi, ngokuvamile ithola ukushukuma kwemigqa eqinile, ukuhlangana okungaqondakali, noma ukunqoba okuthulile kokudlula ngolunye usuku. Lokhu kugxila ebhulohweni elivamile kwakha ibhulo eliseduze lezilaleli, eziqaphela okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo siqu kuboniswe emuva.

Ukuchaza Izici Zokulala Okungokwesiko

Isivumelwano sisebenza kulolu hlanganiso lwezici ezimbalwa ezichazayo. Izimo zivamile futhi ziyabonakala: ikilasi lesikole, indawo yomsebenzi yokuphunyuka, itafula lokudla komkhaya. Ukulandisa kugwema izenzakalo eziyinhlekelele; kunalokho, indaba ingahamba phambili ekulungiseni ukudla, ukunakekela isifo esincane, noma ukuthatha isikhashana nje sehlazo emphakathini. Ukukhula kobuntu kukhulu kakhulu, kanye nezimo ezingokomzwelo ezikhungethe ukushukuma okuncane kunokukhunjululwa kwezambulo. Lokhu kwakha indlela ethambile, yokubona okubonisa ukuthi kuyinto eyenzeka ngokubukeka.

  • Izindaba ezivamile: zivele endaweni ekwaziwayo ekwaziwayo lapho izilaleli zingabona khona kalula.
  • Incazelo njengecebo: Incazelo eyinhloko ivela ezifundeni zangaphakathi, njengesizungu, ukwaneliseka, noma ukulangazelela ukuthula.
  • Ukugxila: Imishini eshukumisayo(ubungane), umkhaya, abantu ojwayelene nabo abadlulayo-isebenza njengenjini yencazelo ephakathi.
  • [ Intambo ethathayo: ingephuzi, ukuxoxa ngenhloso kuvumela ithuba lokuzindla nokucwiliswa.

Nakuba lezi zikhombo zanikeza idumela lokunethezeka, abadwebi baqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi umuntu ojwayelene naye angaba yithuluzi elinamandla lokushaqeka, ukwembula, nokuchaza okujulile. Ukubikezela kocezu lwezingcezu yikho okwenza ukuguqulwa kwalo kube namandla.

Umshini Wokuhlunga Empilweni

Ubunzima bamathemba abukhona nje ngokufaka ukujikijelwa okungalindelekile. Isebenza ngokumisa izigqi ezibonakala zikhona ze-genre-/ijubane elithokomele, ijubane eliphansi, izigxobo eziphansi(ukube seziyawanciphisa ukuze kulungiswe futhi konke okwenzeka ngaphambili. Lendlela icindezela izibukeli ukuba ziyeke ukusetshenziswa ngokunganaki futhi zihlukanise ukuthi indaba ikhuluma ngani ngempela. Iguqula umcamelo wenduduzo ube ipulatifomu yokuhlola amaqiniso angathandeki.

Okwenza Ukukhandleka Kube Yilapha

Imiphumela iphambene. Uma indaba igcina ingaphandle lobuhle obuvamile, ukusungulwa kwento engesona isenzakalo esivamile, `isenzakalo esivamile', ukuvuma izono okungalindelekile, noma ukuphazamiseka okungokomlando . .Isephulwa inkohliso yokuphepha ekwakhiwe yi-genre ngokwayo. Lokhu kuphila kwangempela, lapho izikhathi zenhlekelele noma ukucaciswa zivame ukubhobhoboka khona ngoLwesibili ntambama ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Ukushayeka kwengqondo kuyasebenza ngoba isisekelo sesisekelo sitholakele kahle njengokungajwayelekile futhi siphephile.

Izinyathelo Ezivamile

Abasunguli bemithombo yezindaba baye basungula ithuluzi elivumelanayo lokubekela inselele okulindelwe kuyilapho besahlonipha ukugxila kohlobo lwe-genre ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lamacebo aguqula isibuko esingokoqobo sibe ilens eguqula iqiniso eliphelele ukuze sibone ngokucacile.

  • Izimpawu zesikhathi ezilandelanayo: Itshe elishinyeneyo lendaba yokuphila lingase litshelwe ngaphandle kokulandelana, kwembula ukuthi ukhona omnene ukhathazwa isikhathi esibuhlungu esidlule noma ikusasa elingenakugwenywa. Lesi sakhiwo sibonakala sihlehlela kahle ngokwezikhathi ezingasebenzi, sizijezisa nge-agnobon noma nge-poignancy.
  • Ukuxutshwa kwezindawo: ukungenisa isipoki, i-athonsi yesikhathi, noma isici esiphansi esisesimweni esivamile. Ukungena kwento engenakwenzeka ephepheni lansuku zonke kubuza imibuzo ejulile mayelana neqiniso nemibono.
  • Ububanzi bophawu obungalindelwe: Uphawu oluqale lwenziwe njenge-arder elula", ibharista ethokozayo, umakhelwane opholile − uthulula kancane kancane ukuze adalule ukushaqeka okufihlekile, ukuhlakanipha okujulile, noma ukukhetha okungaqondakali okubekela umphakathi inselele.
  • Indaba eqala ngokufudumala komngcwabo ovamile ingazifaka kancane kancane ebuhlungwini obukhona, noma ukukhulumela kwezenhlalo, ibuze ukuthi ukuthula kokuphila kwansuku zonke kuyindawo yokukhosela noma ikheji.
  • Ukuchaza okungokobuzwe njengokuguqulwa: ngokucwilisa izilaleli kokuhlangenwe nakho okungokwesiko okukhethekile,(say, umkhosi wetiye noma umkhosi womphakathi ongaziwa kumboni wembulunga yonke] lendaba ichitha umqondo "wembulunga yonke" noma ububanzi be-odinalir futhi inweba incazelo yokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Ngalinye lalamacebo liqinisa ukuthembela kwezilaleli esivumelwaneni esiphansi se-genre. Ukuphula lesosivumelwano kuba yisisho sobuciko.

Imibono Emisha: Indlela I - process process Perception

Uma ukulandisa okuyisiqeshana kokuphila kuphazamisa amathemba, akumangalisi; kuguqula ukuqonda kombonisi konke kokuthi ukuphila kwansuku zonke kungasho ukuthini. Okuvamile akube yisizi semuva futhi kube umhlanganyeli emibuzweni ejulile yendaba. Lokhu kuhlelwa kabusha kuveza imibono eminingana ezwakalayo ethinta amasiko nezimo zomuntu siqu.

Ukushintsha Izifo Zengqondo Nokushikashikeka Okungabonakali

Isicashana-somdabu sokuphila sivame ukusebenzisa indlela engabonakali yokuphila okunzima kwengqondo, kodwa ukuvukela kubeka izimpi zangaphakathi ngaphambili, ngesikhathi esifanayo kugcinwa izigqi zemisebenzi yansuku zonke nokusebenzelana. Uchungechunge olufana no-March Comed [[FLT:] u-March] ulandela njengeNgonyama usebenzisa indlela enokuthula yokuphila komdlali we-shogi ukuze abonise ukucindezeleka, isizungu, nenqubo ethatha kancane yokuphulukisa. Izenzo zansuku zonke zokudla, ukuhamba, nokuhlala ebhodini ziba nokusinda ngokomzwelo. Lokhu kususa ukwehlukana phakathi "okuvamile" no" ukuzihlupha, kubonisa ukuthi kokubili kuhlala phakathi kwezikhathi ezifanayo ezingaphawulwangajwayelekile. Ukuzifihla okusezingeni lokuzingela.

Umphakathi Ovuselelayo Nabangaphandle

Izimiso zokufa komphakathi kwakhiwa ezindaweni eziseduze, ikilasi, ihhovisi. Imisebenzi yangasese ivame ukufaka umdlali obonakala elingana nengqondo kodwa empeleni ungumuntu ongaphandle kakhulu, ohluke kakhulu ngendlela umphakathi ongakwazi ukuyiqonda ngokugcwele. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngamandla ezincwadini njenge Man Callet Ove [[FLD]], , lapho inqubo yomuntu omdala] ifihla khona usizi olubhubhisayo nokwehlanekezelwa izwe. Ukusebenzelana kwakhe nomakhelwane kwakhe okuqhubekayo kululaza ukulindela ukuthi umane nje ungumdube, ukwembula umuntu ohlelekile, kunalokho owembula indlela yakhe eqinile. Umbono osutholakelekile ukuthi abantu abahlala ndawonye bangamelwa ngokuthula.

Ubuntwana Nokuphela Kokuntuleka Kwezigwegwe

Amafilimu anjenge Iprojekthi yaseFlorida isebenzisa iso lomntwana ukuze ibone ihlobo lezinto ezibonakala zingenankinga, zonke zibhekene namaqiniso abuhlungu obumpofu nokungaguquguquki kwabazali. Izilaleli zibona ukuthi ifilimu ibhula ngokukhanyayo isizinda esikhanyayo nenciyo yeqhwa ezenzekelayo iqala ukwakha i-oce ephelele enesimo sokuphila, kodwa inguquko ikhona ezweni labantu abadala njalo. Izilaleli zibona lokho izingane ezingakushaya phambili, ukuhlehla. Ngokugcina umbono womntwana, ifilimu ikhubaze ukulindele kwethu kokudlala okulula kobuntwana, esikhundleni sokukhipha i-teksitomu enzisayo ezindaweni ezithinta umsindo wazo zonke.

Iqhawe Elinamandla Njengesibuko Seqiniso

Enye yezindlela ezidume kakhulu zokuvukela umbuso eminyakeni yamuva ibiwukujovwa kwento eyodwa emangalisayo esikoleni evame kakhulu. IMakoto Shinnai's Igama lakho liqala ngenqubo yomzimba eshintshayo esekelwe emikhubeni yansuku zonke yentsha emibili . Ukuya esikoleni, ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya. Ukuguqula umzimba kuyafika lapho umzimba umisa khona futhi umdlali oyedwa kumelwe abhekane nenhlekelele yomkhathi eshintsha njalo, isenzakalo esimnene sibe sesandulela senhlekelele. Amandla amangalisayo aguqula sonke isikhathi esichithwa ndawonye, asikisela ukuthi ngisho nokuvimbela isikhashana esinesikhathi esinenzuzo.

Lokhu kukhetha okulandisa kufundisa izilaleli ukuba zingakwethembi ukuzola. Zihlakulela umkhuba wokufuna indaba efihliwe phakathi kokumomotheka noma isimiso. Lokhu kuhlola okucebile kuguqula izimpawu zangaphandle kwethelevishini, kukhuthaza ukuthembisana ngozwela nokufuna ukwazi nabantu bangempela abakuphila kwabo okunokuthula kuhlangana nosuku ngalunye.

Izincwadi Zemifanekiso Echaza Isilwane Esinemidwebo

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezingcezu zokuphila kuye kwaqhutshwa iziqu ezithile ezazingazama ukuphula lesisikhunta. Ngaphesheya kwemithonje ehlukahlukene, lezincwadi ziye zaba isisekelo sendlela ukuguqukela ekuphileni okungaqali futhi kujulise ngayo indaba.

Izincwadi Ezingasinaki Usuku Lonke

  • I-Catcher e-Ryle ngu-J.D.Salinger: phezulu, izinsuku ezimbalwa zentsha ezula iDolobheni lase-New York. Ukuguquka kuse-Gaden Caulfield'izwi-"ingaphakathi" eliluhlaza kakhulu nengathembekile kangangokuba i-odinali yezenzo zayo ibe isihemu esinezeke kakhulu nosizi. Incwadi yaphuka emhlabeni ngokwenza inkungu engokwengqondo [[[FLT:]] isenzakalo esiphakathi sendaba eyimbu.
  • Ikhani eliyi-Chonence Store Women nguSaaka Murata: [ Owesifazane uthola ukwaneliseka okuphelele ezweni eliqinile, elizibonele ukuthi umsebenzi wesitolo ukulungele. Ukuphikelela komphakathi ukuthi ufuna umsebenzi owengeziwe(a, umngane, "ukuphila okufanelekile"). Lencwadi isebenzisa isimo esivamile kakhulu ukungabaza zona kanye incazelo efanelekile yokuphila, ibekela inselele izilangazelelo zomfundi zenjabulo.

Amabhayisikobho Alimaza Ukuguga

  • [FLT] Inyoni enesibhaka-bhaka (2017]): Indaba ezayo ye-earth ephazamisa i-genre's arc system. Ubuhlobo bukamama nomntwana buhlala bungalungiswanga, bungalungiswanga, futhi buyinto engokoqobo phakathi nezenzakalo zansuku zonke zonyaka odlule. Ifilimu yenqaba ukunikeza i-catharsis elula, yenza isicashingi se-sokuphila ngokwayo isiqu senkulumo emayelana nothando.
  • .Paterson (2016): Inqubo yansuku zonke yomshayeli webhasi nembongi ePaterson, New Jersey, idlala ngokuphindaphinda okukhulu kangangokuthi ukuhlukahluka okuncane okungaqondakali (ibhokisi leposi eliphukile, inhlanhla) ukufihlwa kwenkomba ephawulekayo, inselele izilaleli ukuthola izinkondlo ekuphileni okungafuni ukuba yibhayisikobho. UJim Jarmus umsebenzi usobala wekhono lokuthula [[FLT:] ukuhlangana kwe-production. [FLT]

Imingcele Entsha Yezitho

Izifanekiso zaseJapane ngokukhethekile ziye zaba indawo yokucwaninga yokuhlukanisa-uguquko lwezimo, zisebenzisa ikhono lokubona lokuhlanganisa isimo esingokoqobo nesokuzuma. Ngalé i-March ingena njenge-Lion ne [[FLT] Igama lakho , uchungechunge olufana [[FLT:] [FLT:]] iTatamix I-March ingena ekholiji entweni ephindaphindwayo isikhathi-sophayo, isebenzisa ukuphindaphindezela kwemifanekiso yansuku zonke ukuze izinsobozo nokukhetha. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLD] [FLD] [5] [5] [indlela eqhakazile kakhulu] i-oklike kakhulu, ithatha ukubukeka kwesikole sokulima nokubulala ngokuhlikijeka nokubulala ukudla, ukubulala, ukubulala, nokubulala izilwanyana zezilwane zezilwane zezilwane ezisebenzayo.[Fonke][5]][5]

Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Eziyingozi Ekudlaleni: Ukubukeka Okujulile

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ushintsho lwe-genre, kusiza ekukhipheni izinqubo ezithile abadali abazisebenzisayo ukuze basuse indaba ekuyibhekeni ngaphandle kwekhono lenselele.

Ukuthula Okungenakwethukela

Indaba inganikeza ukudla kwasekuseni okuvamile komkhaya, kodwa kamuva yembula ukuthi ubaba walahlekelwa umsebenzi wakhe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezidlule futhi akatshelwanga muntu. Isigcawu sangaphambili, lapho umboniso ofudumele, sibuye sincishiswe njengendlela evamile. Lendlela yokubhala ebambekayo incike ekuthembekeni kwezilaleli ukuthi umbukwane ocaciwe ekuphileni ufana ncamashí. Uma lokho kuthemba kuphukile, okungokomzwelo ngemva kokuboniswa kwazo zonke izigcawu.

Ukucwilisa Amaqabunga Endle

Kunokuba kuqalwe usongo lwangaphandle, indaba evukelayo ingavumela umsebenzi wezwe ngokwawo ube yisenzakalo esinzima. Umncintiswano wokubhaka edolobheni elincane ungaguqula ububanzi noshukela ube yizikhali ezisebenza ngokwengqondo. Abasebenzisi bangalishiyi ikhishi, kodwa ubudlova obungokomzwelo bungokoqobo. Lokhu kubuza ukuthi sihluke kakhulu yini emigomweni yethu yokunqoba okuncane kanye nophawu esibahloba ngalo.

Izakhiwo Ezintekenteke

Ukuhlelwa okungalandelani nge-odar kungaguqula ukulandelana kwezenzakalo zansuku zonke kube yimfihlakalo. Isenzakalo singabonisa izitshalo eziniselayo, bese zinqunywa emngcwabeni, bese zibuyela emuva ekuthengeni ukudla ekuseni. Izilaleli kumelwe zihlanganise isikhathi, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, ziyaqaphela ukuthi "akwenzeki" ifilosofi ingamanga; kwenzeka into edabukisayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, asiyiniki indawo ebaliwe. Lendlela ishukumisela ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila sifakwe esikhathini esivamile.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zingqimba, abakhi bandisa ulimi lwe-genre, okubonisa ukuthi awudingi ukuqhuma ukuze ubhidlize umbono wezwe; ukudla okuthulile kungalimaza ngendlela efanayo.

Umshini Onesihluku: Indlela Isivinini Esakha Ngayo Ukuxhumana

Mhlawumbe umphumela obaluleke kakhulu walokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo uyindlela ejulile yozwela. Uma ukulandisa okufinyelelwe okusemizileni kuphazamisa amathemba, akuthusi nje; akuqali ukuvuselela imikhuba engokomzwelo yezilaleli. Sifunda ukuthi ukumomotheka kungaba yisifihla - buso, ukuthi inqubo ingaba insika, nokuthi umuntu esidlulayo emigwaqweni njalo ekuseni cishe uphila indaba eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo esiyicabangayo. Lokhu kuqeqeshelwa ngokuqondile ukuqonda izenhlalo yangempela.

Ukucwaninga ekulandiseni ngozwela kusikisela ukuthi ukucwiliswa kancane, okuningiliziwe kwezingcezu zokuphila sekusibangela ukuba sizizwe sinezici ezisemqoka. Ukuguqukela ekuqapheleni ubandlululo lwethu siqu .Ngani sacabanga ukuthi umakhelwane othulile wayemane nje uyisithukuthezi? Kungani sasilindele ukuba intsha efuna ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo? Lo ngqimba lwezingcezu ze-coapy iguqula ukuzijabulisa kube ukucatshangwa kobandlululo nombono. Adiences ashiya indaba ngesinqumo esisha sokubheka abantu abaseduze kwabo, ukuze alalele izindaba ezingaphansi kwenkulumo encane.

Imisebenzi ephazamisa amathemba ivame ukuveza amaphutha, amaphutha angazinzi ngekhasi lokugcina noma ifulegi. Bamane bayaqhubeka bekhona, bengaphelele futhi bezama. Lokhu kwenqaba ukusonga ukuphila kungokuhlukana kokugcina kwezindaba zenganekwane, futhi kuyazwakala ngoba kuyiqiniso. Isitshela ukuthi ukuphila kwethu siqu kwansuku zonke akusona inselele; kumane nje kuwukuphila.

Ikusasa Lesilokazane Esine - flux

Njengoba amazwi amasha ezizinda ezihlukahlukene engena emkhakheni, izingxenyana ze-ofs ziyoqhubeka zindisa izincazelo zazo. Wona kanye umqondo "ovamile" uboshelwe ngokwesiko, futhi izindaba ezikhona nsuku zonke edolobhaneni lase-Senegal noma e-pavela ephithizelayo yase-Brazil zichitha i-lens ewundabhray ewumlando enciphile. Imibono yomhlaba wonke iveza izigqizo ezintsha zokulandisa kanye nezimiso zezindinganiso ezibekela inselele ukuthi izilaleli ezivela emasikweni aphakeme zichaza ngokuthi i-rabletable.

Ubuchwepheshe, Ukuzihlukanisa Nokuxhumana

Izingcezu-flag-of zosuku zanamuhla zizakuncintisana kakhulu nobukhona bemitapo. Indaba ehlanganisa sonke isikhathi sohlu lwezinombolo zesikhathi se-"messages", izingcingo zevidiyo, izingcingo zezokuxhumana, ukuhlelwa kwemidiyamu, ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwesimo esingokwesiko, kodwa ibonisa isimo sansuku zonke sezigidi. ukulandisa okunjalo okungokokuphila [ ibekela inselele umqondo wokuthi imizuzwana engokoqobo, ubuso nobuso be-menualture ifanele ukuboniswa kuphela "ukuphila" okungakhombanga. Babuza imibuzo emisha mayelana nokuba khona nokungabikho.

Ukusingatha Izinkinga Zesimiso Semvelo Nge - whisper

Ikusasa le-critiques yesimiso sokusebenza lingase lingangeni ezifundweni ezicushweyo kodwa ngokunqwabelana kokungabi nabulungisa okuqashelwa nsuku zonke. Ukusebenzelana komfundi okuphindaphindwayo, okuncane nesimiso sesikole esinamasu, esibekwe ezingxenyeni eziningana zochungechunge lwezibani, kungaphazamisa ukulindele "usuku ngalunye" futhi kwembule indlela ukucindezela okufakwa ngayo endwangwini yesikhathi esivamile. Le mithetho elawula ukuthula ingaguqula i-genre ibe ithuluzi elinamandla lokubonisa izenhlalo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yisilinganiso sayo esiseduze.

Ukuxutshwa kwangemva

Umngcele phakathi kwezingcezu-zokuphila nezinye izakhi zegazi uzoba yisicaba esivuleka kakhulu. Sesibonile kakade uvalo oluthatha imidlalo yasekhaya, nezindaba eziqanjiwe ezimisa isiqephu esigcwele sokupheka nengxoxo. Ukuhlakanipha kwezici ezivukelayo kuzoba ukusebenzisa ucezu lwezici zokuphila hhayi njengokunqanyulwa kwecebo, kodwa njengendlela kanye lapho izihloko ezinkulu zivezwa khona. Ikusasa liyonikeza izindaba lapho isenzo sokuvukela okukhulu kumane kunikezelwe khona ukunaka, usuku nosuku.

Ama-studiowestery nabamemezeli, ikakhulukazi emifanekisweni nasezincwadini ezibonisayo, bamiswe kahle ukuba baqhube le nqubo esunguliwe. Imithetho-mthetho ivumela ukuduma nokuzila, kodwa ukuguqulwa kwamasu okuthiwa ucezu lwezingcezu kudinga isineke esivame ukuvela ngaphandle kwezinhlangothi ezinkulu. Ukubheka izici zamuva ezibonisa ukududuza okukhulayo ngezindaba ezishiswa kancane kancane ezilindele izilaleli ngaphandle kombukwane.

Isiphetho: Ukuthola Isenzakalo Esingavamile Phakathi

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwengxenye engaphandle yengxenye yesikhathi sokuphila, okugunyazwe ukuguqulwa okuhlakaniphile kwamathemba, kuye kwaguqula isibuko esithambile saba ilens enesimo esinesimo esinhlobonhlobo. Asisabonisi nje iqiniso; sibuye sibonise, sivule, sikhiphe amabala afihlekile omzwelo nencazelo ezikhathi eziphansi kakhulu. Ngokuguqula imithetho yenduduzo, ukuphenya, nesinqumo, abadali bacela ukuba sihlale isikhathi eside sidabukile, sithandabuze izifihla - buthuntu ezivamile, futhi sibonise uzwela olukhulu ngaphandle. Njengoba i-genre iqhubeka ithatha amaphimbo amashayimizwa amasha, ubuchwepheshe, nomculo, ikusasa layo ngeke kuchazwe ngokundiza okuvamile, kodwa ngokucwiliswa okuqinile.