Umsuka Wesici SaseJapane

Uhambo lwe-amile njengendlela yezentengiselwano nezobuciko lwaqala ngaphambi kakhulu kwenkathi yethelevishini. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, abenzi bamafilimu baseJapane bazama amafilimu amafushane, bethonywe kakhulu amaphayona aseNtshonalanga naseYurophu njengo Émile Cohl neWalt Disney. Lemisebenzi emide kakhulu yakhiwa ngemicu yezicathulo yamaqembu amancane, ngokuvamile iholwa yingcweti eyodwa. Junichichi Kuque, Seitarōtayama, noShimeya.

IMpi Yezwe II yashintsha isilinganiso okwesikhashana sokusakaza inkulumo - ze, kodwa ukusebenza kwangemva kwempi kwabangela ukuqhuma kokwakha. Kwakungalenkathi lapho umdwebi wemanga uOsamu Tezuka aqala khona ukunyathelisa amahlaya akhe asematheni. iTeuka savend Disney futhi walangazelela ukwenza izimpawu, kodwa umnotho wezentengiselwano waseJapane wazenza izici ezigcwele zemishini zaba nzima. Ngo-1961, wasungula iMushi Productionion, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, isakhiwo sokuhlola i-Astro Boy sanikezwa i-Fuji Television. Kwakuyi-mingla yokuqala yaseJapane yama-30 ephuma ka-minute eqolo, kanye nohlelo lwaso lwezentengo lwaso yezentengo enziwayo enziwayo encikelele imishinini elinganiselwe, esetshenziswayo, kanye nemishini yemidlalo yemidlalo yemidlalo yasesiteshi eqoshi, yakha isakhiwo sethelevishini seze lonke i-sene.

Ukuphayona Iziteshi Nenkathi Yethelevishini

Isivinini sesifanekisi sikaToei nesimiso sefektri

Ngaphambi kokuba uMushi Production, uToei Ithonition (kanye uToei Dōga) ayeseqalile kakade ukusungula i-filimi yokuqala yeqiniso ye-metholi ezweni. Ngo-1958, uToei wakhulula uHakujaden [Ibhande leNyoka Emhlophe] [i-Aython Nyoka], inkampani yaseJapane eyayiqashe amakhulu esithombeni sombala esinemibala ebanzi esinemibala ephezulu e-injini nemibala, ilingisa isimiso sescriptry Scto Disney. Ifilimu yokuqala kaToiei yathola ukuqashelwa kwesizukulwane somkhosi wezizwe zonke futhi yaqeqesha isizukulwane sezinja, kuhlanganise nezinsizwa ezimbili ezithulile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Haya Nyayaki ne-Taona, ezazizobumba kamuva i-Stdiapy Ghibo.

Njengoba ithelevishini iqhuma ngawo 1970, uToei wajikela emaqenjini anyaka nesonto. Yaveza uMazinger Z (1972], eyahlanganisa irobhothi elikhulu eliqhunyiswayo i-genre, futhi kamuva yashintsha i-Shōnen Juppag ishaya njenge [ Ragabon Ball [, [[FLT]] SAINTY] Inyanga , [[FLT] ne Ishifton [FLT] [FLT] Ice [FLD:7] [igsss. imboni yebhizinisi elidebehlayo, isebenzisa i-ssueases, i-exaket] futhi ibuye ilungiseke imboni yemali enzile.

Ukukhiqizwa KweTatsunoko Nobuciko Bombala

Ngo-1962 kwasungulwa umdwebi we-manga uTatsuo Yoshida, uTatsunoko Production waziwa ngokushesha ngemibala yayo egqamile yemibala kanye nezenzo ezishukumisayo. Kudala u-Developer Racer (1967) kanye [FL:] Science] Iqembu le-Ninjaman [[FLT] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [1972] [72] wasungula aseMelika nezilaleli ze-Europe ngemisebenzi ye-syncriciations. Tatsuko’s Filosofiylosofiy (ngo) kanye nezinhlamvu ezinezinsimi, iyunipho elungisa imidlalo yemfashini ephambili kumiklanywe kimi emashumi amathathu eminyaka alandelayo. Ukuhlola kobukiswa kwe-unyaka wamashumi amathathu kamuva kwakwa-An.

Inkathi Yegolide: IMecha, Ubufazi, Ne - OVA

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 kwabonakala ukwanda okungakaze kubonwe kwenqubo ye-amime. Izindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi, ukusetshenziswa kwefilosofi, nokulandisa kwabantu abadala kwasusa izinganekwane ezilula zezindaba ezibi zamashumi eminyaka adlule. Le “nkathi yegolide” yakhuthazwa umnotho waseJapane ochumayo, impucuko ethandwayo, kanye ne-projekthi entsha yokusakaza: isifanekiso sevideo sokuqala (OVA).

I - “gundam ” Ehambayo Nokuvela Kwerobhothi Langempela

Lapho uYoshiyuki Tomino noSun avela (ngalesosikhathi iNipton Sunrise) indiza [[FLT: 0] i-Mubile Admin ngo-1979], uchungechunge lwakuqala lwaba yizilinganiso zokudumaza nokunqanyulwa kwasekuqaleni. Nokho, umkhankaso wentshiseko onamandla, ukuqoqa ifilimu ethayidiwe, kanye nokuthuthwa kwemifanekiso yepulasitiki kaBandai kwayiguqula yaba i-franchise. UGundam waphulwa emkhubeni werobhothi ezinkulu kakhulu, waphatha imishini njengezikhali ezikhiqiza izikhali zempi ezikhutshwe amasosha ahlukuzayo. Leli “robhothi elingokoqobo” laveza idrama engoko, ewukuziphatha, eyinkimbinkimbi, eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa isisekelo esikhulu kakhulu, futhi egcina isilinganiso sesihloko sesihloko esilandelayo esilandelayo.

Ilanga liphindeke kabili endleleni enochungechunge olufana no- Trooper Votoms kanye [FLT] ne Space Ruway Ideon[. Isakhiwo sokwakha idumela lomklami owenziwe ngokucophelela, sisebenzisana nomklami wezemboni iKunio Ocawala kanye ne Hajime Katoki. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Sun suke laba i-mechachamon ebanzi ekwandeni kwe-Mundammon times futhi sikhiqiza i-parne eshayo njenge [[FLT] [FLT:]

Igayox Nenguquko Ye - otaku

I-gaiax yasungulwa ngo-1948 yiqembu labalandeli bezindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi yaseyunivesithi, kuhlanganise noHideaki Anno, uYoshiyuyuki Sadamoto, noTami Akai. Iprojekthi yabo ye-debut, i-OVA . U-Daicon IV[ [u-FLT]], kwakuyidrama evulayo ethandekayo ethandeka kakhulu, eyayibonisa ukudakwa kwemizwa yemihlathi eyayibonisa kahle kakhulu ukufezeka kwemizwa yabafundi ngokukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okwakulindeleke ukuba kuvezwe. Ifilimu yabo yokuqala yezentengiselwano, [[FLT] [1987]], yayiyidrama ethandwa kakhulu futhi ithandwa kakhulu abafundi abazimisele ukuzuza imali kodwa bamukele ihlelo elihlala njalo.

Nokho, umsebenzi wokuguqula ka-Gaiderax wafika ngo-1995 [FLT: 0] uNion Genesis Evangelion. Ukuqeda kwe-mecha geran distristic geranthes ka-mecha geranthes, ukuwohloka kwengqondo, nokuwohloka kobuntu bakho. Izenzakalo zokugcina, eziphethwe yimali yendlu yezicathulo, zaba yimpikiswano njengalokho kwakuyi-phawu. Impumelelo yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano yafakazela ukuthi ngasekupheleni kwebusuku be-aim (enziwe ngabasha abasha kunabantwana) zingaba nenzuzo enkulu kakhulu. Yaqala futhi indlela entsha yokubuka i-Televel-TV ephikisayo, amafilimu amabili aphinde aqongelele umvuzo, i-speain, futhi aqhubeka nombuso wezentengiselwa phambili. U-Gamoduray, kodwa kamuva i-Grone, i-Annonton (imno) kodwa i-edul (iaton) empossssss.

IMadhouse Nefilimu Yobuciko Embulungeni Yonke

Yasungulwa ngo-1971 yi-Mushi Production aimators (kuhlanganise ne-Ozamu Dezaki ne-Masao Maruyama), uMadhouse wazihlukanisa ngomqondisi-driven, i-movie iyasebenza. Le gumbi lokwakha lashintsha i-manga yaba amafilimu amahle kakhulu ne-OVA eyanyakazisa imikhawulo ye-opium. [Dezaki] Rose of Verbans [17]] [10]) [1279] ne-Ashita nothi Joe 2 (1980) ivelise ukuqhuma okuphawulekayo okunjengombala weqhwa ne-screen.

Madhouse wafinyelela ukudunyiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe nge Katsuhiro Otomo Akira [1988], i-cobropper ebhalwe nge-computer ependiwe ngemininingwane yemali esetshenziswayo emshinini waseJapane. Yasebenza njengefilimu yendlu yeqembu lamazwe aseNtshonalanga, ebonisa ukuthi i-aimae inganikeza umbukwale we-sci-fifi ephilayo yezinsibe zomsebenzi. Kamuva, uMadonhouse waveza iSatoshi Kon-ificis ([[[FLT:]]]]] Bluebhake ngokungenaphutha [[FLT]], [FFFOT]], [evolut:] [FFUP]]] [enye i-sterolmsting shown `[FF]]'sting] ku-Moston [Fogrosolus][3][3]: [evel]][3]': [up]

Studio Ghibli nobuciko Be - Thea starwoldet

Akukho kuxoxiswa ngomlando wokukhiqizwa kwe-ainfe kungadlula indawo yokusebenza enjengendlu e-Koganei eyalungisa kabusha isivinini sembulunga yonke. Ngemva kokuhluleka kwezentengiselwano yefilimu yokuqala, iNqaba yaseCagliostro [1997], i-Hayao Miyazaki ne-Iataonataitaco co osungulwe i-Studio Ghibli ngo 1985 kanye nomsunguli wefilimu i-Toshio Suzuki. [FLTL:] i-Cample, [[FLT] eSibhakweni[FLT:] [3] [1986]], yasungula izihloko eziphakathi zeGbli: e-o - obiapowe, ukubhabhaka, nokuzinza kwe-o.

I-Ghibli yayaziwa kakhulu indlela yokukhiqiza i-artisanal. UMiyazaki akazange abhale imibhalo egcwele ngaphambi kokuba kuqale i-filimi; wadweba ngokulandelana kwezithombe njengoba ifilimu iqala, ngezinye izikhathi eshintsha wonke amapulaneti phakathi nomkhiqizo. Lendlela yayibiza futhi ilinganise isikhathi. [[FLT]] Princes Monoke [1997]) evelele ngaphezu kuka--amandla angu-efakeln, kanye noMiyazaki olungisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zamafelemu esihluthulelo. Kodwa imiphumela yayimihle kakhulu. [[FLT:][FLT][FLT] [200] [200] [200] i-grossrosssssss emlandweni weSipanishini futhi wazuza idumela esithandwa kakhulu se-Academimes, i-Ghiblictimes.

UTakahata wakha umsebenzi ofanayo eGhibli wobungcweti obuhluke kakhulu, kuhlanganise nedrama enonya elwa nempi . Inqaba yeFirefluise (1988) nokuhlolwa komfanekiso [ iTale of Princes Kaguya [[FLT]]] [202013]]. Inqaba yezisebenzi ezisebenza ngenkathi egcwele, (kunokukhululeka kwe-ratherers) emashumini eminyaka ngaphambili yayiyinselele ize izimboni zezentelekele, ifaka impumelelo eqophelini. Ngemva kwe-Attus, i-Mizazahdroom'iiiiiiiirf [iflect: [i-Foctal Frome] ne-Gene] u-Gene]

Indawo Ezungezile Yanamuhla: Amathuluzi Okuxhumana, Ukugudla Kwezinombolo Nokuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke

Ukushintsha Kwamanani Nokunganeliseki Kwawo

Ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000, ama-antime studio aqala ukususwa ekuhlolweni kwe-cel yendabuko kuya ekudwetshweni kwe-mitation. Inqubo ehilela ukuhlola isihluthulelo se-appen ku-software, ukusebenzisa imibala ngokwezibalo, kanye nokusebenzisa izizinda nemiphumele nezici ezivalekile. I-cototooto ebekwe ngo-1981 njengomdlali ophansi weCelcastriap, wayengumnakekeli wemibhobho yokulinganisa imishini. Ukuphuka kwemoto kugalele i-"[FLTY] [FL: 0] IMelanto ye-Harshiziya [[FLT][FLT] [2001] [iT] i-FLTY] iveza i-makensi yohlobo olusha lwe-elective.[3]

I-Ufostable, i-filimi encane kakhulu eTokyo, isunduza i-mimeography ye-mimetictography ngisho nangaphezulu. Ukuzivumelanisa kwabo nohlobo-Moon Fate/Zero (201]) kanye nefilimu ye-trilogy [ Ubusuku obuqinile: Umsindo wezulu [[[FLT:]] wahlanganisa 2D ne 3D kanye nezici ezinyakazisa izimpawu zekhamera, izimpawu ezikhanyisayo, kanye neziyinkimbinkimbi ezivame ukugcinwa ngamafilimu avelele. Le “Flutte:2] indlela e-filiming , ikhulisa izinjongo ze-TV.

Nokho, ushintsho lwezinombolo lwandisa igebe phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu nebutho lezinkampani ezincane ezisebenza ngokuqasha. Izimo zezisebenzi zawohloka njengoba izinhlelo ezicinene nezigelezayo zazifuna ukutholakala ngokwengeziwe. Ukuhlasela okubuhlungu kuka - 2019 arson eSipoweni sikaKyoto 1 kwaba inhlekelele ebhubhisa imboni, kwabangela ukuphila kwabaningi bezisebenzi ezinesiphiwo futhi kwathuthukisa ingxoxo emisha ngokuphathelene nokuphepha kwezisebenzi, impilo engokwengqondo, nokukhiqizwa kwemishini eqinile.

Inguquko Evuthayo Nomphumela Wayo

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-ainine enikezelayo kugeleza amaqonga − Crunchyroll (2006, i-Funimation (manje ehlangene), futhi kamuva i-Netflix yohlobo lwe-infins nohlobo lwengalo yokukhiqiza − ngokuphazima kweso yashintsha indlela i-aimaye exhaswa ngayo futhi yasakazwa ngayo. Amakomiti e-Crecupition, angokomlando akhiwe ngabamemezeli baseJapane, iziteshi zeTV, nabadayisi bezohwebi, baqala ukwamukela imikhulu yakwamanye amazwe njengezi ehlangene. Lokhu kungena kwenhloko yezakhiwo zendlu yenza ukuba imoto ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyingozi, njenge-Netflix i-CRICHBYBAby [FLT]] (ence 1]) (enziwe nguMasaki Yuase eStuu, 2018, okungame i-thelevishini.

Ngohlobo olulodwa, ukucindezela kokondla ama-algorithm kuye kwaholela emakethe efinyele kakhulu. Uchungechunge lwe-TV olungaphezu kwama-300 olude luye lwenziwa ngonyaka, eziningi ezinezimiso zokukhiqiza i-withbarrite. UStudios njengo MAPPA, wasungulwa ngo- 2011 ngowangaphambili umenzi weMadhouse Masao Maruyama, waba isigqebhezana sale qiniso eliphindwe kabili. I-MAPPA i-o ebekwe imisebenzi ebukeka ngendlela ebukekayo enjenge Jushish Kaisen[[ nenkathi yokugcina [ult:] eTi[FT]] [FLT], kodwa impempeators ne-atorss ezinhla esimweni esigcwele unya. Imboni ikhokhelela ngemboni yezengwa nge-omnyuzinyum.[Fogne]

Uchungechunge Lwezimpawu Zezwe Ngeminyaka: Ukukhiqizwa Kwesithombe

  • Astro Boy [[Mushi Pro]) — yasungula umshini wokwenza i-TV wokwenza i-amime part, kuhlanganise ne-“clock" system coptions transforms.
  • 1970:[ i-lupun yesithathu: Ingxenye 1 (i-Tokyo imafilimi Shinsha, kanye ne-Miyazaki/Otsuka)) — ihlangene amahlaya amadala nesenzo sobuhlezi, nakuba amaqoqo ayempofu ekuqaleni.
  • (1980: [[FLT]] (I-Sudio Nue & Tatsunoko)] — ichazwa ngokuthi “i-Idol kanye ne mecha] indlela; [[FLT:] i-dragon Ball [ToT] [I-ToT] — iguqula isakhiwo sempi esikhanyisiwe esiyobusa amashumi eminyaka enguquko ye-manga.
  • 090:[ Inyanga yeSailor [i-ToT] — yavuselela intombazane yomlingo efuna ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe embulungeni yonke; [ Pogémon [OLM]] [i-OLM])] — yakha i-franchise engenakuviceka imidlalo yevidiyo, imidlalo yamakhadi, futhi yasakaza ezindaweni zomhlaba.
  • s: I-Alchemist: Ubuzalwane[ [i-Bone] — ibonisa indlela ukuphela kokwethembeka okuphinde kwatholwa ngemva kwe-aimace kwasekuqaleni okungasuthisa ngayo abalandeli bembulunga yonke; [[FLT:] Incwajana yeDeast [ [indlu] — isivusi esimnyama esaba isango lezigidi ngeyayayamukela ngeyayayase-YouTube.
  • umfutho omkhulu nomfutho wembulunga yonke Attck kuTitan [Umbuso] (Unyaka, kamuva iMAPPA) — umfutho omkhulu nowembulunga yonke we-cirdom; [[FLT:] Demon Slayer[[[FLT:] [5] [i-UFLT] [ibhakela] [ibhanile] — i-filimi i-Mugen] Isakhiwo se-mibheki ye-geecordsting filimi yeJapanevesss, eqhutshwa njalo ngombukwayo egcwele [[FLDT:] [FLD8]
  • 20s:[ [[FT:2] [1] I-CIT man [[MAPPA]] — i-manga ethandwayo efana ne-active evumelana nekomiti yokukhiqiza ifilimu ehlukile eyadlula inqubo yokusakaza yesiko le-TV; [[FLT:] [4] Oshi no Ko [i-Doga Kobo] — imboni yezokuzijabulisa eyabangela ingxoxo ebanzi yezihloko zayo.

Inguquko Engenangqondo Namazwi Amasha Obuciko

Nakuba ama-macro eqokomisa i-mega-francises, ishumi leminyaka elidlule liye laveza futhi ukunyakaza kwekhono lokuzimela izifanekiso okuzimele. i-Studio Colorido ([[FLT: 0]] A Whisker Leward), iScience SARU (esungulwe nguMasaki-Yuasa no-Eunboy Choute, manje yenza i-expout [[FLT:]] iveza indawo entsha [[[FLT]] i-Dadan [[FLT:] u-FOLT], ne-Studio Bind (ond (odaywe ngokukhethekile [FFFoct:]]) i-PFogtion: [Fogn] futhi i-offa.[3]

Abaqondisi bomzamo abanjengoNaoko Yamada ( A Line Line Thule , [[FLT]] Liz neBlue Bird ) baye babonisa ukuthi ukwenza amafilimu okuzinzisa okusemthethweni kungaphumelela ngisho nakuhlelo oluphezulu-volume. I-Yamada isebenza eKyoto Isivinini, ikwehlisa i-micro ne-active, yandisa amagama angokomzwelo atholakala kubaqondisi befilimu [[FLT:]] [[FLT]]], yaveza i-STAR, iqheba eliqhubekayo phakathi kwe-Cequar, ige phakathi kwe-inter-ium nombono.

I - Economic Engine: AmaKomiti Okukhiqiza Ne - media

Ukuqonda umlando wokukhiqiza i-aime kudinga ukuqaphela “isimiso se-seisaku iinkai” (ikomiti yokuveza). Kusukela ngawo 1990, i-ayini eningi iye yaxhaswa ngezimali i-adium yabamemezeli, iziteshi ze-TV, amalebula, ababhali, abenzi bamathoyizi, nezinkonzo zokugobhoza. Umngane ngamunye unikela ngokuhwebelana ngezimali ezingosini zemfundo (IP) kanye nemali eseleni yemali edayiswayo edayiseni, emculweni, nakuthengiseni wamazwe aphesheya.

Lesimiso sinciphisa ingozi yegumbi lokufaka izithombo kodwa futhi sibheke phezulu kwezindawo zokukhangisa eziningi, sithola kuphela inzuzo yokukhiqiza kuyilapho inzuzo yekomiti ithola imali ende. Ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kuvame ukuxoxiswa, kanye nommemezeli we-manga onamandla alinganayo. Okungakholekiyo ukuthi kukhona: i-Kyoto Sigto Signice yamisa isigxivizo sayo siqu esikhanyisayo, i-KAEsala Bunko, ukulawula amalungelo nokuthembela emakomitini angaphandle; i-ICritiotion I.G ne-Wit Studio's nkampani ewumzali IG Port ithathela phambili emikhankanti yokukhetha imisebenzi. Lokhu kuhlola kuveza indawo yayo engaphambili lapho isakhiwo sokuhlola sisaphula, nakuba inhloko yenkampane edinga kakhulu.

Ikusasa Lokukhiqizwa Kweantimi

Izindlela eziningi zizohlela ishumi leminyaka elizayo. Okokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi okuzenzela aphakathi kwezehlo nasizinda kuyahlolwa ngenkuthalo, nakuba izinyunyana zobuciko nabaqondisi bezinto zihlala ziqaphile. Okwesibili, izakhiwo zembulunga yonke ziyanda − i- MAPPA neScience SARU manje inikeza i-Netflix neDisney. Inhlekelele yomsebenzi iphoqelela: Inhlangano ye-Japani Sicigincic Crects Association iye yasakaza ubufakazi bokukhokha nokutukwa okusakazelelwe phansi, futhi ezinye izakhiwo ezisezingenisimanje zizama ukuthatha umsebenzi ogcwele kanye namathuluzi okuthatha imvume yokuthatha i-otho. Impumelelo yesibonelo se-Kyotookie, nakuba iphazamisa, ihlala iwubufakazi bomqondo wokuthi izimo zokusebenza kwabantu zingahlanganisa nezokuhweba nokunqoba kwezentengo.

Ekugcineni, yona kanye incazelo ye- “fulene” iyakhula njengoba ama-studio ezwe lonke eveza uchungechunge oluthonywe kakhulu ulimi olubonakalayo lwamaJapane − njengo-avatar: i-Morbender kanye ne-""" ezayo] Lazaru[[[[FLT:] [[FLT]] nguShinichirō Watanabe no-MAPPA ngokubambisana no-Adultruavra. Ingxoxo yokudala eyaqala ekuqaleni kwe-20thsur-centurry-culture igcwele, ithembisa ngisho nokuboleka okungaqondani futhi okungalindelekile.

Ukuhlola okwengeziwe kwemisuka ethile yeqophelo, umlando we-aIme unikeza isikhathi esikhulu, kanti Sacubabooru [ unikeza izicutsha ezigobile ze-aimator ezicandayo phakathi kwamashumi eminyaka. [[FLT:] Anime News Network ency [ ihlala futhi iyi-database ebalulekile yezisebenzi ezihlola imikhondo, imigqa ye-studia, nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza enqamule izinkulungwane zezihloko.