Endabeni egcwele izenzakalo zemvelo ezigcwele imihlangano ejwayelekile, inselele enkulu yomlobi akukhona nje ukusungula abalingiswa, kodwa ukuphefumula ukuphila ngezibalo ezizwakala sengathi zazikhona ngaphambi kwekhasi lokuqala futhi ziyoqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemva kwekhasi lokugcina. u Archetypes — lezo zindlela ezijulile zobuntu ezisebenzayo — zinikeza isikhala esifinyela esinamandla, kodwa futhi zisengozini yokunciphisa iqoqo lemifanekiso ecacile. Uhambo olusuka kumfanekiso oqoshiwe lufuna imishini yokuqala, oluhlobana nesiko lapho liphinda liba into eyodwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ehlelekile yokusondela kubantu abakhulayo abadlula amapulani abo, ngisho nakuwo wonke amapulani abo athembele kakhulu eqendekweni.

Indima Yemidwebo Ebhalwe Endulo

Izinhlobo ze-arched azizona izici ezivamile. Ziyizici eziyisisekelo zokuziphatha kwabantu nezisusa ezibonakala emasikweni nasemakhulwini amaningi. Isazi sezifo zengqondo sase Switzerland uCarl Jung kuqala sathola izibalo eziphawulwe njengeHero, isithunzi, neNdoda Ehlakaniphile njengoba zivela kubantu abangekho lutho. Uma kubhekiselwa kubabhali, lemiklamo iphendula imibuzo ebalulekile: Ubani oqhuba lesi senzo? Ubani oqondisayo? Ngubani olahlayo? Owehlisayo uzama ukuveza ukubaluleka; uMentor uveza ukuhlakanipha; isithunzi sisongela; uTrickster uyaphazamisa. Ukuqaphela lemisebenzi kusiza umbhali ukubala ulwazi, kodwa uthembele kuyo anikeze amakhadi angenayo.

Inza uhlobo lwe-archetype luzwele, hhayi ukujwayela kwalo kodwa ukuvumelana. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo oluyinhloko lomthandi lungabonakala njengomzali ozinikele, ukungaziniki amandla, noma ukulwela ukuzuza okungcono. Izindlela zikhona okumelwe zenezelwe. Abalobi abaphumelelayo baqonda ukuthi izimpawu eziyisisekelo azikho lapho zifike khona; baqala amaphuzu.

Lapho Izinhlobo Zomklamo Ziba Izici Ezinhle

Isithunzi sohlobo lwe-pircheché. I-cliché iyindlela esetshenziswayo enziwa ngokuphindaphinda. Okhethiweyo othola amandla afihliwe ekhasini leshumi, umseshi owenziwe ngetshe elinesicaba onesikhathi esidlule esidabukisayo nenkinga ye-whiskey, isithakazelo esikhona ukuze kuhlengiswe kuphela — lezi akuzona uhlobo oluqinile kodwa izifebe ezimgoqo. Umugqa phakathi kohlobo lwe-pirretype ne-cliché uchazwa ngokucacing. UMentor omane anikeze iseluleko esinensikelele bese eshona phakathi koMthetho Wesibini uyimisebenzi eyimbumba. UMentor ayifundisa i-pronboncracking ngen enzile ngoba ulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yakhe.

I-tropes zohlelo lolimi. Ukukwazi lolimi kusenza sikwazi ukubhala imisho emisha. Ukuze sifinyelele incazelo, umlobi kumelwe abheke zonke izici zobuntu ezizuzwe njengempendulo: Kuthiwani uma i-Trickster ibiyisikhungo sokuziphatha? Kuthiwani uma ubumnyama besithunzi bubangelwa uthando olungafaneleki? Ukubuza imibuzo ephikisanayo yinjini yokuguqula.

Ukwakha Igobolondo: Isisekelo Sokuqala

I-Hero archetype iwuhlobo oluvumelana kakhulu. UJoseph Campbell uveza i-monoth, njengoba iningiliziwe emsebenzini wakhe iHero enezimo eziyinkulungwane , ishadi lokuhamba, i-arting jowd, i-appeding i-mepu, kodwa i-octyth ayiyona ikheji. Ukuguqula i-Hero ibe umuntu ohlukile, iqale ngokususa isigaba ngasinye. Esikhundleni sokushaya ucingo olubizela ngesithembiso, cabanga ucingo oluzwakala njenge-droasent — i-email ekhaphela kakhulu, iphoqa umgcini wemali ezweni elizimeleyo. Ukwenqaba ukubuza okuvamile, kodwa uma kuyinto yokugcina ewuphika ngenxa yokufuna i-noveli??

Umgomo wangaphandle (misa umenzi wobubi, ukunqoba uhlanga) kufanele ube uphawu lwento engekho ngaphakathi. Iqhawe elilwa nohulumeni owonakele kodwa nalo ngokwalo liyisigqila sokulawula umkhaya walo ngokwalo lidala ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Ukuzichaza ngaso sonke isikhathi — ukudla elikufisayo, indlela eligoqa ngayo iphepha lapho likhathazekile, ukuqamba amanga elizitshela kona njalo ekuseni — lizisusa ngaphansi kohlobo oluhle futhi lembule umuntu.

Ukushintsha Izinhlobo Ze - Archetype Zibe Izimpawu Eziyingqayizivele

Ukuguquka kuqala ngokuqaphela ukuthi ubuntu abulona uhlu lwezici kodwa buyinto evumelanayo elolongwe umlando, isayensi yokusebenza komzimba, kanye nomongo wezenhlalo. Sebenzisa lezizingqimba ezilandelayo ukuze wakhe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe - arche.

Isisekelo, Hhayi Ukukhipha

Inqolobane ecebile ayisho ukubuya emuva eqoshweni kwamakhasi ayishumi. Kusho umlando womdlali uyisisefo lapho ebona khona isikhathi samanje. UMentor owayeyisosha elihlotshisiwe wayengase afinch ngokuzwa umsindo we-ratffiring — umniningwane ovela esithombeni, ongachazeki. Izilaleli zinikeza isizathu sokukhetha: iTrickster egcina ukudla ngenxa yendlala yobuntwana, uHero owakhangwa kakhulu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yimali yakhe yikho konke. Imishini ephumelela kakhulu isikisela ukuthi intaba yeqhwa iyonke ngesikhathi isambula nje kuphela. Izilaleli zinikeza ukuthi kungani kunezingasichotho esikhundleni sokutshelwa. Ukuhlola okujulileyo, njengokuhlanganisa izinto ezisemuva, njengezinto ezisebunhlalisayo [FLD [FL] [F] [FFF]

Iziphazamiso, Amandla, Nezici Ezingavamile Zokuvuselelwa

Umdlali onamandla kuphela uyisicefe; umuntu onephutha nje kuphela uyisicefe. Ukusebenzisana kokubili kusekuqambeni amanga. Amandla kaHero amakhulu kakhulu — ukwethembeka okungantengantengi — kungaba yiso kanye isici esihlukanisa abangane bakhe. Umqondo wesithunzi wobukhakhazi obunonya ungaba yisona kuphela esisindisa umphakathi ahlose ukuwubhubhisa. Ukuzivivinya okuwusizo ukubhala uhlu lwamandla amahlanu bese kulandela ngamanye, ukuthatha iphutha eliyisithunzi eliphonswe yilelo thonya elingaphansi kokucindezeleka. Isibindi siba yisithakazelo; uzwela luba yisithakazelo; ukufuna ukwazi ukuhlasela; lezizici zenze zidala ubuntu obuqinile kodwa obuyinkimbinkimbi obungathandekiyo ukuhlala kahle ngohlobo olulodwa lwe-sch.

Ukulolonga Izwi Elihlukile Nezobuciko

Izwi liyiminwe yohlobo oluthile. Lihlanganisa amagama, isigqi, ukukhetha, nesingathekiso. UMentor okhuliswe endaweni yokudoba engasogwini uzosebenzisa isimo sezulu kanye nezingathekiso zasolwandle ngisho nalapho exoxa ngezimali. I-Trickster ingakhuluma ngezifuthe eziqondene ngempela. Ingxoxo akufanele ivele phambili nje isiyingi, kufanele yembule ingqondo ehlukile. I-Mannerism iveza lokhu: iHero ehlala ethinta ishadiomfono emnyango ngaphambi kokungena, isithunzi esibonisa imizwana lapho imizwa. Imininingwane enjalo ekhumbuza izilaleli ukuba zibuke itsheke, hhayi uhlobo lwesazi esiyinhloko esihambayo.

Ubuhlobo Obunamandla Obembula Ubuso Obucashile

Abukho ubuntu obubodwa. Ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwabantu bayizibuko. IHero ingaba nesibopho esiqinile nabangaphansi, izithoba kumzali, futhi izwelana ngokungalindelekile nesilwane esilahlekile. Ukuhlobana ngakunye kudonsela ngaphandle isici esihlukile sobuntu. Kwethula ubuntu obuthi ukuba khona kwakhe kubangele ukuba uMentor azizwe eyisiwula, futhi kungazelelwe umqondisi ohlakaniphile wembula ukungalondeki okukhulu. Ukuhlangana kweTrickster nothile ngisho nanoma isiphithiphithiphithi, kanti i-Trickster iba yizwi lesizathu. Lokhu kuphikisana okungavumelani kuveza ukuma okuveza ukuqamba okuveza ukuzizwa kuyiqiniso.

Izibonelo Zokuklama Kwezimbali Ezithandwayo

Ukuhlola izincwadi eziphumelelayo kubonisa indlela inani labantu elihlala njalo elihlala ngayo ngokungacimeki.

  • IGro: Katnis Everdeen Imidlalo yendlala iqala njengomvikeli oqondiswe ekusindeni, kodwa ukulandisa kwembula kancane kancane ukuthi uyixhuzu futhi esetshenziswa emidlaloni yezokudlala yezombangazwe emelana nokuba uphawu.
  • INqanda: Ku Izimpi ze-Star, uYoda ekuqaleni uveza njengesazi esivamile, nokho ihlaya lakhe elikhaliphile, iphiko elinzima, iphiko elingavamile, nomzuzu wobuthakathaka bokuphela kwesithombe sakhe zenza isimo sibe lukhuni. Akasona nje ukuhlakanipha; ungumuntu oye wathwala ubunzima balokho kuhlakanipha amakhulu eminyaka.
  • Isithunzi:[[FLT :1] i-Darth Vader kusuka kumntwana wesigqila kuya ku-Jedi ophukile kuya kumfundi ophukile ufaka uhlobo lwekhothamo ngenhlekelele. Isudi lakhe alikho nje ukusongela imishini; liyijele elisekela ukuphila. Ukwesaba okubangelayo kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
  • I-Trickster: i-Loki esuka kwi-Cinematic Universe eyisimangaliso isebenza ngoba isiphithiphithi sakhe asizenzakaleli. Ivela esidingweni esijulile, esinganeliseki sokwazi ukuthi ukhona. Ukushintsha kwakhe isimo kungokoqobo nangokwengqondo, umuntu ongaziyo ukuthi inguquko yakhe iyiphi eyiqiniso.
  • i-Guardian: ku- u-Hagrid uMbumbi we-Harry [ ungumqaphi ongalokothi aqaphe isango; ulijikijela. ubukhulu bakhe obukhulu buhlukile ngesimo esithambile, esibonisa ngokomzwelo, okuphazamisa ukulindela komgcini wesango owesabekayo.

Lezizibonelo zibonisa ukuthi ukuvela komsuka kusuka ekucindezelekeni phakathi komsebenzi olindelwe wohlobo lwe-archètype kanye nohlobo lomuntu olungenakukhohlakala. Ukuze kuchazwe okuningi ngezinhlamvu zezindaba zanamuhla, ukukhomba okukhulu kwe-TV TYP [[[FLT: 1] kudweba uhlu kokubili lwezimo kanye nokuguqulwa kwazo.

Amandla Engxabano Yangaphakathi Nangaphandle

Impi iyisici esicindezelayo lapho uhlobo lwe-archetype luncibilika khona futhi lubuye luguqulwe. Umlobi kumelwe aklame ukucindezela okuthinta izimo kanye nengqondo.

Impi Yangaphakathi: Impi Engaphakathi

Impi yangaphakathi ayingangabazi nje; akuphikisa ukuthi umdlali akanakuxazulula ngaphandle kokwehlisa okuthile okubalulekile. Umgebe okholelwa ngokujulile ebulungiseni kodwa uthanda umuntu onecala lobugebengu besikhathi esidlule uphila ngokuzimela njalo. UMentor oye walahlekelwa ukholo enkolelweni kodwa uyaqhubeka eqondisa ukuhlakanipha ngaphandle kokuzibopha ngaphakathi. Lezimpi zangaphakathi ziveza izinqumo ezingakho uhlobo oluyikho ekhondweni kuphela olungabikezela. Ukukhula kohlobo lomuntu kuvela ekubhekaneni nalezimpikiswano futhi kuqhubeke kuveza lokhu kuphikisana.

Impi Yangaphandle NjengesAmbulo, Hhayi Inselele Nje

Izinselele zangaphandle kufanele zikhethwe ngoba zisunduza inkinobho ethile eqondile, ekhethekile. Inhlekelele yemvelo yembula uvalo olungavamile lokulawula. Inkantolo iveza ubufakazi obuqotho obubodwa futhi ifaka ubufakazi obuqotho. Izingxabano zangaphandle ezingcono kakhulu ziwubufekethiso: igumbi elikhiyiwe liwukuhlukaniswa ngokomzwelo; ibhuloho elibhidlikayo liwumshado owohlokayo womdlali. Uma izenzakalo zezehlakalo ziyizibuko ezingokomfanekiso, ukusabela komdlali kudlula izifiso zomuntu.

Ukungqubuzana Kobuhlobo: Isibuko Nekati

Ukuxabana phakathi kwabalingiswa abadingana kodwa abangakwazi ukumelana kungumbukwane ocebile. Beka iHero eduze koMmeli ongazithandi izindlela zakhe, noma umthunzi ohlanganyela umgomo nombhexeshi kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukene ngokwesabekayo. Lemifelandawo ephoqelelwe iveza ingxoxo echitha izimfihlo futhi yembula ukuqhekeka. Ukuxabana ebuhlotsheni akuyona nje impi ewubulongwe yokungavumelani, ukubhikisha kwehlaya okuthiwa cishe kusondelene neqiniso, ukuhlangana okushintsha amandla.

Ukugwema Indophi Ngaphandle Kokulahlekelwa Incazelo

Isibopho asikona ukumane uguqule amathemba; udlulisa iqiniso elijulile ngokufaka indlela ethile. I-trope ephambukiswe ngenxa yenani elishaqisayo iyodwa ingenamgodi. Ukuhunyushwa kumelwe kwembule okuthile ngobuntu noma izwe okungeke kusetshenziswe ngokuqondile.

Ukuze uphambukise ngokuphumelelayo, okokuqala uqonda lokho i-trope ehloselwe ukukufeza. “Damsel ekucindezelekeni” ngokuvamile ingumgqugquzeli we-Hero. Yilahle ngokuthi nje wenze isiboshwa sibe uchwepheshe wempi, kodwa ngokuba sikhululwe kuyisikhathi lapho“ idemsel” iqaphela ukuthi ayibanjwanga umkhohlisi kodwa ukulandisa kukaHero njengengasizi. I-trope iba yinkulumo echaza i-iopera ne-opera.

Ukuxuba ama-archimetypes kungokunye ukuguqulwa okunamandla. Njengodokotela ku OnguDokotela Othi OngunguMqondisi , oqondisa ngenkathi engumthombo wesiyaluyalu. Izilaleli ziqaphela i-trope izikhali kuzo. Isiqondiso esisebenzayo kuJoe Goldberg [[FLT:] Wena], landela i-rom-probinsonist arctices ukusuka ngaphakathi kwengqondo ye-homicide. Izilaleli zinikeza ukuqashelwa kwe-trope kusetshenziswa kwezikhali. Isiqondiso esisebenzayo ezindaweni ezivamile, [[FLTF:] Uhlelo lokubhala [FFFF:]

Isihluthulelo sokususa inguquko enenjongo. Uma izenzo zomlingi zibangelwa yimbangela ehlukile, egxile kakhulu, ngisho nesibhamu esivamile sizwa sishaye sishaye. Impindiselo ethola intethelelo ayiyona into entsha — ngaphandle kokuba intethelelo ibhubhisa ukuphila kwakhe ngoba ihlukanisa kuphela umphakathi oyamukelayo intukuthelo yakhe. Isenzo singabonakala; umphumela ongokomzwelo kumelwe umangalise.

Ukuklama Izici Ezingenakulibaleki

I-arc umzila woshintsho lwangaphakathi oluhambisana nodwebo lwangaphandle. Uphawu lokuqala ludinga i-arc engekhona ukubunjwa noma ukubukelwa.

Ukushintsha Ngezindleko

Ukushintsha okuqondile lapho umdlali efunda ukuthemba futhi kufanele kukhokhe okuthile — mhlawumbe ukulahlekelwa igobolondo elizivikelayo elabashiya besengozini yokufika. Itshe elibi lapho isithunzi singena ebumnyameni akuyona indawo ephansi egcwele opopayi kodwa akuyiyo ethatha kancane, izihloko ezicatshangelwe zokuhlehlisa okuqondwa yizilaleli. Ukushintsha kushintsha mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala; uhlamvu lufuna okuthile okuhlukile ngesiphetho ngoba indaba ibonise ukuthi ifuna ukunganeliseki.

Ukuchaza Imigomo Elula

Umgomo wophawu (luvulwe, luwine ukhetho) injini yohlelo. Umgomo wangaphakathi (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubalulekile, ukuthola ukuthi ungowakho) yinjini yophawu. Njengoba indaba iqhubeka, umgomo wangaphandle ungasala kodwa incazelo yawo ishintsha. Umgomo wokuthola into uba muncane kakhulu ngento futhi kakhulu ngomngane abazama ukungalahlekelwa nguye. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwalomgomo kubonisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakhe. Ukudweba le nguquko kwigrafu elula — X-axis: izenzakalo zokwakha amabala, Y: indawo yokuqala yangaphakathi — kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-arclection iyabonakala futhi ayiguquguquki.

Isinqumo Njengomvuzo Ongokomzwelo

Isiphetho sithola ubunzima bayo uma isimo sokugcina somlingiswa siphendula ngokuqondile umbuzo obuzwa ekuqaleni. Uma indaba iqala ngoHero okholelwa ukuthi angathandwa uma enamandla, izwi lesinqumo kumelwe libonise ukuthi kwenzekani uma enikezela ngokuthi inkolelo noma iqiniseke kakhulu. Isinqumo esiqinile singaba nekhono, kodwa namanje zisaqeda isifunda esingokomzwelo. Izilaleli kumelwe zibe nomuzwa wokuthi lo mkhuba ushintshelwe ngokungenaphutha yiloluhambo, ngisho noma zibuyela endaweni efanayo.

Ukwakha Isici Esisemhlabathini: Ukuvivinya Umzimba Okuwusizo

Ukuze ufunde lezi zimiso, zama ukuvivinya umzimba ngendlela ehlelekile. Khetha uhlobo oluyinhloko — mhlawumbe iMetor. Khona - ke, ephephabhukwini, phendula lokhu okulandelayo ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuhluzeka kwengqondo:

  • Iyini imfihlo yeMentor ehlazisa kakhulu? (Akukhona okuthile abakwenzayo, kodwa okuthile [[[QURT:0]] yi — imfanelo abayifihlayo.)
  • Lapho eseyedwa, yini lomdlali ayenza okungekho muntu owaziyo ngayo? ( Amawashi aphukile, akhuluma esithombeni, adlala umdanso kusukela ebusheni bawo.)
  • Iyiphi amanga iMentor ezisholo ukuthi ibhekane nawo usuku? (“Ngikhetha lesi sizungu.”)
  • Ubani umuntu lo Mentor angenakuma, futhi kungani?
  • Ikhono elingafani ngokuphelele nendima yabo (Izinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi, amathekisi, ama - limeric okuncintisana.)
  • Yini engamdumaza njengoba ehlala endaweni evamile, njengesitolo sokudla?

Manje, bhala ibala lamaphimbo angu-500 lapho le Mentor kumelwe ifundise khona isifundo esibalulekile, kodwa umfundi ubangela ihlazo le Mentor eliyimfihlo ngendlela engalindelekile. Isimo esilandelayo siyobe sedlule kakhulu kuloluhlobo oluphambili. Lomkhuba ubonisa ukuthi leyo ncazelo iqamba amanga, hhayi ujenene.

Indima Yokubeka Nokwehluka Kwamasiko

Izimpawu azintantanga endaweni evulekile. Ukuhlela ukuziphatha okungaqondile, izindinganiso, nobandlululo olungekho mthethweni. I-metarch yasemphakathini wasogwadule lwasehlane luzonikeza iseluleko ngemifanekiso ehlukene ngokuphelele kuneyeyodwa ethathwe edolobheni elibanzi. Uma umlobi eqala ngephupho elingacacile, ubuntu busuke sebuhlukile kakade. Kunalokho, ichaza umphakathi othile nemithetho yawo engabhalwanga. Umphakathi uhamba kanjani ngesigaba sezenhlalo, izinhloso zomkhaya, noma imfundiso yenkolo? UHero ophula imithetho evumelanayo uyisahlulele iqhawe elihlukile kunomunye emhlabeni lapho ukugqekeza umthetho kuthandwa khona — futhi izindleko zawo zangaphakathi ziyohluka kanjani?

Ulimi, nalo, lungokwesiko. I-Idioms, i-transformation, ngisho nesigqi sokuthula yizimpawu zempucuko ekhona. Ukuboleka izindlela zolimi ezisuka emasikweni angempela ngaphandle komlando kudinga ukucwaninga nozwela. Ukungavumelani kwesiqondiso seNyakatho ye-Writing Center ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukiseni ukucwaninga ekwakheni imo-mongo engokwesiko. Ukwakheka akusona isizinda; kungokolunye uhlobo, nobudlelwane be-protagonistism ukuchaza okuningi kwazo.

Isiphetho

Igebe phakathi kohlobo lwe-archetype noluqalayo ligcwele ukunaka. Ama- Archetype anikeza abalobi ulimi oluhlanganyelwe; ukuvela kombono ukuba sikhulume lololimi ngezwi elingakaze lizwiwe ngaphambili. Ngokumba enqabeni eqondile, ngokuthatha izimpikiswano, ukuphikisana, ukuchitha inhloso, nokuklama izikebhe ezisekelwe eqinisweni elingokwengqondo, umlobi angaguqula wonke amaphuzu asesekhasingeni elisekhasingeni, abe khona. Embhalweni we-tropective, umgomo awukho ukugwema imiklamo kodwa ukwenza ukuba ibe umuntu ongenakuphikwa. Uma i-Hero ithatha amanyathelo angaphambili futhi izilaleli zingaboni nje indima ekhona kodwa umuntu ezimaziyo, ezimesaba, noma ezimesabayo, indaba yayo ibuye ibe yinto ehlala njalo.