I-Anime farndom ayiyona into eyenzekayo nje. Ngaphesheya kwezwekazi, izigidi zabantu abashisekela ukuguqula uthando lwabo lokusebenzisa i-alphin lube yimifanekiso ebonakalayo, bakha enye yezinto ezinamandla nezizisekelayo ezingokwemvelo ezikhona empucukweni yanamuhla. Ngaphakathi kulenhlangano kunemisebenzi emibili ehlukene kodwa ehambisanayo: i-doujinshi, i-cunut eshiciwe noma incwadi eshicilelwe ngokwayo ehlanganisa noma eveza kabusha izibalo ezikhona, nobuciko obunemizwayo, ukuhlonipha okubonakalayo okuthatha isisekelo somklamo wohlobo olulodwa olusendaweni eyodwa. Zonke zimelela ukuthululwa kwethalethi yembulunga yonke eyenza imihlangano, i-ikhilofoni, futhi ngisho nemisebenzi ephambili. Lesi sihloko sibala ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwalemidwe, ukuphakama, ukuphakama kwekhono, isayensi ehlanganisa nezomnotho.

Izwe LaseDoujinshi: Kungaphezu nje Kwe - Fan Comics

Kwabaningi ngaphandle kweJapane, igama elithi “doujinshi” likhumbuza imifanekiso ye-manga eyizimfundamakhwela ethengiswa emahholo omhlangano aphithizelayo. Nokho izimpande zayo zijule kakhulu, futhi indawo yayo yamanje ihlanganisa zonke izincwajana kusukela ku-one YHWH paromot kuya ku-multrange YHWH. UDoujinshi uyisibonakaliso esiqondile sesifiso sokuhlanganyela ekulandiseni izindaba, hhayi nje ukumane uziqede.

Umsuka Nokuziphendukela Kwemisebenzi Yokuzinyathelisa

Igama elithi “doujinshi” (6) lihlanganisa izinhlamvu ze-“mongo” kanye ne-“person” kanye no-“umphakathi,” ngokuyisisekelo umagazini okhiqizwa abantu abanezingqondo ezifana no-triak. Nakuba bona ngokwabo beqala eJapani kuhlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20thindinturings, umjikelezo wanamuhla we-doujunshi wathola ukuphakama kwawo phakathi kwama-1970 futhi waqhuma phakathi nonyaka ka-1950 cishe ukuphakama konyaka ka- isikoba [. Amaphayona akuqala athengisa izingxenye zezincwadi ze-jopine ngeposi, kodwa ukuthunyelwa kweComecmarket (um') eTokyo enziwa asungulwe indawo e-'injini enkulu kakhulu. Cekehrome athe ukubuthengwa yizinswe izigelekeze ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu zezinkulungwane.[3] [Fogs]

Inkululeko Yokusungula

UDoujunshi wenqaba ukukhishwa itshe. Nakuba ingxenye enkulu yakheka ekwakheni izici ezikhona zengqondo (-relepiages]] ihlobanisa izimpawu ze-Nauru abafekisi, ihlola ezinye iziphetho ze [[[FLT:]]] i-Nayeon Genesis Evangelion[[[FT]2]]] [[FLT]][FLT]] [[FLT]]], noma ukuhloba uhlangothi lwezimo ezithandwayo [[FLT:], noma ukuhlobisa] [[FLTP]]] [ikhulu lamakhefu] [indlela engokwethu, izihloko zezulu] [[FFF]] [FFF], izihloko zekhefu] [i Fun.[i Fun] [ifu]] [ifuthe] [i Humes] [icegogogogogogogogos] [ase] [ase]] [ake, lapho ingekhofume]

I - Doujinshi Ezomnotho Nemihlangano

Nakuba abaningi bebheka i-doujinshi njengendawo yokuzilibazisa ehlanzekile, isebenza phakathi kwemisebenzi emikhulu yezentengiselwano. EComiket, isiyingi esithandwayo singadayisa izinkulungwane zamakhophi encwadi entsha ngempelasonto, enamanani asukela emakhulwini ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni eziningi ze-yun. Izinkampani zokunyathelisa zinikela ngezinkonzo ze-lomujini, zihambisa imiqulu ehlangene elinganayo ebekwe ngqo emihlanganweni. Ngalé kwe-Comiket, izenzakalo ezincane ezifana ne-Chomic City e-Osaka, zonke i-inkquatory projects [[FFF:] [FFFOF:]] [1] [5] [iinterg] [um] ngonyaka wezentengonyaka kanyaka kanyaka wonke].[5], futhi inani elikhulu lenani eliphumayo lithengwa yinani lezizwe ngenani eliwuhlwe ligcwele, futhi lingathengiswe nakuthengise izinkulungwane [FFose: [Fog.] [Fog.] [ex]

Ubuciko Obumangalisayo: Abafowenu Abathandekayo Abazithandayo

Lapho i-doujinshi yakha khona amabali, ubuciko bokudweba ibalazwe isikhashana esisodwa (ukusho kwe-"an, i-replace, i-astroff ekhona ngokucabanga kuphela." Iyindlela esheshayo nefinyelelwayo yokusungula izimfijoli, ukunqamula imingcele yolimi ngolimi olubonwayo.

Imishini Yezobuchwepheshe Edabukayo Iya Ezakhiweni Zezingubo Zokuhlobisa Izinsimbi

Ngaphambi kokuba kushintshwe izindwangu ezidwebayo ezisebenzisa i-flugn (i-flut àvn à projects), imifanekiso yepeni enemibala e-penis ukuthumela ama-fazine, nezithombe ezipeyintwe ngokucophelela. Ukufika kwe-software yobuchwepheshe be-mitation kwashintsha indawo. Imiphakathi yakudala yodwebo ye-projekthi ye-software yashintsha indawo. I-Divilt[[[[[FLT:]]][FLT]][4] [up] [FLT]] [FLD [up] [FLD] [eyensessss, icebo elifuze ligcwele kakhulu, ukukhipha i-spective, ukuvuselelwa komfanekiso nemishini, futhi kwamunca i-Foctive.[5][5]

Imithombo Yezindaba Yomphakathi Njengendawo Yembulunga Yonke

Ukwenaba kobuciko besici kuye kwathatha isikhathi sokunyakazisa ukuzamazama komhlaba. I-Platform enjenge [[FLT: 0] ithelela , isebenza njenge-Instagr, [[[FLT]]] [[FLT]] [FLT]] [[FLT]], [[FLT] isebenza njenge-inani elikhulu.] Ingcweti ingathumela ividiyo ye-Tiktok [[12] [i-FT]] ihlela umsindo we-Toktoton futhi ifinyelela izinkulungwane zezigidi zababukeli. Inguvuvu leze. Ingxenye engaphandle ye-'injini ye-fut] Isebenza kakhulu njengendlela engcono kakhulu yobuchwepheshe engokokusebenza kakhulu. Inguquko ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kanye nezinhlansi, i-'injini ye-futhe izipheya emboni ezindaweni zezinto eziphansi kakhulu zezinto ezitholakalayokuhlobo. Inkulu kakhulu zesayensi, isebenza kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu. Ingxenye ezindaweni

Ubuciko Obubonakalayo Njengebhodi Eliklanywe Ngobuciko

I-at àctive mediam exterfelign udwebo olunophawu oluphambili lobuciko be-farfolio. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezimboni bathola ukuqala ngokuhlanganyela imifanekiso ehambisana nophawu lwe-internet. Loish (ULois van Baarle), umdwebi wemidwebo we-Dashi owaziwayo ngezimpawu zakhe ze-stylimediazed, wakha ingcweti enkulu yokudweba ngemishini ye-methane ngaphambi kokuba ube umdwebi okhululekileyo wemidlalo emikhulu nemishini yokuhlobisa. Ngokufanayo, ama-anderstatorss aqashe aqalayo amanobhutshuli emidlalo ngemva kokubhajwa ePixviv. Isithiyo esiphakathi kweqembu eliphambili nochwepheshe: umdwebi wezithombe zingathunyelwa ukuba enze i-proced, i-im, noma umklani olinganiselwe.

Lapho IDoujinshi Ne - Fan Art Differguck Neyadlula Khona

Nakuba zombili lezi zinhlobo zivela emsukeni ofanayo wenkanuko, izinhloso, amafomethi, kanye nezakhiwo zezomnotho kuyahluka.

  • Narrative Specio: Doujinshi ngokwemvelo ulandisa indaba − noma kuyi-20page comian noma 200 pagenochnolla (nelapho ubuciko be-hever buthatha umbono owodwa. I-doujinshi ingaba nemifanekiso eminingi, kodwa isebenza ndawonye ukuqhuba icebo.
  • Indlela yokuguqula: I-Doujinshi ithengiselwa inzuzo njalo emihlanganweni emikhulu nasemathekwini amanani, anamanani abekwe ngendinganiso. Ngokungafani, i-Fancrt ivame ukuhlanganwa ngesihle. Ngokuvamile inzuzo iza ngokungaqondile ngezikhomishane, izikhokhelo, noma iziteshi ze-“Ptreon [“izikhungo ze-hon[on]hn-deman ” ezinjenge-Redbuble", nangalabo abahamba ngokucophelela kakhulu ngelungelo lombhali.
  • I-commonity Credity: EJapane, isiyingi se-doujinsshi esiklanywe ngokunenzuzo singathola udumo olulingana nomsebenzi omncane wokuziphilisa. Udumo lwezobuciko luvame ukulinganiswa ngokwenani elilandelayo nanjengoba lungaholela ezimbonini.
  • I-Legitagi: I-Doujinshi iqoqwa, igcinwe, futhi i-catalogd /minye imisebenzi yakuqala eyivelakancane ilawula amanani aphezulu aphezulu. Ubuciko obungavamile busakazeka ngokwezinga eliyi-propati kodwa bungase buntule i-archive ehlala njalo, nakuba i-withfolios e-Arthtiation ne-Pixiv isebenza njengemibhalo egciniwe ehlala njalo.

Naphezu kwalokhu kungafani, imigqa ifiphale. Abadwebi abaningi be-doujinshi baveza imifanekiso ehambisanayo ukuze bathuthukise izincwadi zabo. Ezinye iziteshi zobuciko, lapho zinqwabelana, zilandisa indaba evumelanayo. Ukuvala kuqinisa isiko lendalo lonke, njengoba amakhono asetshenziswa kwenye inkundla edluliselwa ngokungenamsoco kwenye.

Ukushintsha Kwezinombolo: Amathuluzi, Izinsimbi, Nokuhlangana Kwabagcini - cingo

Ukuhlelwa kwedemokrati yethuluzi lobuciko kungumbuyiselo owodwa omkhulu kakhulu kulokhu kuhlanganisa i-doujinshi nodwebo lokudweba. Enkathini ye-nalog, ukuphindaphindeka kwe-doujinshi kwadinga ukutholakala kwe-photoscopier noma ukunyatheliswa kwe-63, ngokuvamile okunokuhleleka okuncane kakhulu okungabangela ingozi yemali. Namuhla:

  • Izinkonzo zokunyathelisa: kumapulatifomu okunyathelisa ashicilelwe avumela isiyingi ukuba sihleleke ngamakhophi ambalwa ayishumi encwajana egcwele imibala futhi athunyelwe ngqo endaweni yomhlangano. Ukuhanjiswa kwezezinombolo kuqeda yonke indawo engaphandle.
  • Izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa:[ Izisebenziso ezinjenge Clip Studio Paint iza namasilinganisi-simende amahlaya amaningi, amathuluzi okukhuluma i-fooctbaloon, kanye nababusi ababona kahle isikhathi sokukhiqizwa.
  • Global Colitution: A doujinshi angabhalwa manje eTokyo, kuboniswe eSão Paulo, ibhalwe ngonobumba eBerlin, futhi ithengiselwe isiphephetha moya eMelbourne/ehlangene ngeDorbord nangefu.
  • I-Platforms njenge- Krickstator ne[FLT]'umsebenzi wesibambiso [ Brooth] abadali bavumele abakhi bafake isikhwama sezincwadi zobuciko eziphezulu ze-sondice, i-namel pin expoint, noma ngisho no-svolute trans production manga. Facts babe yilungu, bafaka ngokuqondile ekuqukethe abafuna ukukubona.

Indalo efanayo eyenza ukuba indalo ikwazi ukusungula izinto. I-algoricctums ku-Twitter no-Pixiv iveza izingcweti ezintsha nsuku zonke, kuyilapho kunikezelwe izindwangu ezisafufusa namaqembu eFacebook ukuhlanganisa indawo. Umphumela umjikelezo omuhle: abadali abaningi abangena emkhathini, amathuluzi amaningi okuzisekela, futhi abahlala benweba izilaleli zembulunga yonke.

Umphumela Wesiko: Ukuba Umnini - khaya, Nokulondolozwa Kwalo

Ubuciko beDoujinshi nobesifekethiso abuyona nje imikhiqizo; buyimibukiso nje yomphakathi. Ngaphakathi kwamahholo omhlangano, izibopho ezingaziwa ezithathelwe ivelakancane, izincwadi zokudweba, futhi abafundi bathola imimoya ethandekayo ehlanganyela umkhumbi oyithandayo ongaziwa. Lokhu kuhlangana kudala ubuhlobo obuhlala njalo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ubuhlobo bokwakha indalo obuhlala njalo. i-doujoin [ i-ishologuects i-doitjis ethis ngokwayo echithekela kwamanye amasimu: ngaphambili abadwebi bezobuciko bemidlalo yemidlalo yezeholidia, amafilimu amafushane, nokubhala izincwadi.

Uma uzenzela itshe, ukudala umkhathi ojwayelekile kunikeza indawo ephephile yokuhlola izimpawu. Umdwebi osemusha oqophayo angabonisa umfuziselo woluhlu lwezincwadi ohlangene nocansi, uxube ngobuqili okuhlangenwe nakho kwawo ekulandiseni. Umthakathi wesiko elihlukaniswe ngokwezici ezithile angase aphinde ashintshe izingubo zobuphupho ukuze abonise ifa lawo. Lezizenzo zokuchaza kabusha zinezela engxoxweni ebanzi engokomfanekiso, zisunduza ngisho nokukhiqizwa kwemithetho ukuze zivele zibonakale kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wesifekethiso usebenza njengenqolobane ephilayo ye-franched. Abacwaningi besikhathi esizayo bangahlola iminyaka eyishumi ye-attck eTitan doujunshi ukuze bahlole indlela abaxhasi abalwisana ngayo nendaba eshintshashintshayo, njengoba izazi manje zihlola u-1990 Sailor Moon izinsongs ezithi zingene ku-interne.

Izindawo Ezingokomthetho Ezimpunga Nezincwadi Ezibhaliwe

Izimo ezingokomthetho zesifekethiso ziseceleni kommese. EJapane, umthetho wobumshiqela wenqabela ukukhiqizwa okungekho mthethweni kwezinhlamvu kanye nezinhlokwana, kodwa kunezimo eziqinile ezithathelwe isikhathi eside. Ama-console anjenge shueisha kanye [FLT:] [FLT]] [2] Kodansha [ [[FLT]] ilandela ngokungenamfashini i-doujshi, iqaphela ukuthi imisebenzi enjalo i-standomfing futhi ngokuvamile isebenza njengomphakathi wetalentale. Nokho, lokhu kwamu akuqiniseki: uma u-Doujshinshins ngokuqondile umkhiqizo noma impatho osemthethweni, kungathatha futhi kungenza izingozi. UMdali akumelwe asebenze ngokujikeleza.

E-United States nase-Europe, ukusetshenziswa ngokufanelekile kwemfundiso kunikeza isivikelo esithile, kodwa kumane kuyindaba eqondile futhi hhayi ngokuzivikela. Ukuthengisa ngokungakhohliswanga noma ukuzuza kakhulu kwezinye izinto zengqondo kuseyinkinga. Ubuciko obuphoqelelwe ukuba bujikijelwe ekuRedbuble noma e-Etsy bubhekene njalo ne DMCA uma ababambi belungelo benquma ukuphoqelela amaphawu abo. Abadwebi abahlakaniphile bazifundisa ngamaphawu-sclons/ngokomzekelo, ngokugwema ukusebenzisa amabala anezincazelo ezichazayo, ukwenza izincazelo, nokususa izigcawulo ezihambisana nezimpahla ezinamaphepha-layisensi angokomthetho. Isiqalo esiwusizo sokuqonda lemingcele yi-[FLD:0][FLD [F]] proctss [FFF1], okudida imibuzo engokomthetho.

Ukubhekana Nezinselele Zemakethe Eshisiwe

Njengoba isithiyo sokungena sincipha, umthamo omkhulu wezinto eziqukethwe uba yisibusiso nomthwalo. Izigidi zemidwebo ethandwayo igcwele imithombo yezokuxhumana nsuku zonke, futhi amakhulu ama-doujinshi amasha akhululwayo yonke i-Comiket. Ukuma akudingi ikhono lobuciko kuphela kodwa futhi nokuthengisa. Abadwebi bemidwebo yama-Emerging bavame ukucaphuna izithiyo ezilandelayo:

  • Impumelelo ekwakhiweni kwe-Algorithm Iconsence: Impumelelo kumapulatifomu anjenge-witter noma i-Instagram ivame ukuxhomeke ekusebenziseni isikhathi, indlela, kanye nezimfuno zezimiso zokuncoma. Umfanekiso onikezelwe ngokucophelela ungabonakala kancane uma ubekwe phakathi nehora eliphansi "3traffic" noma ngaphandle kokuthatha izincazelo.
  • Ezezimali Ukunyathelisa, izindleko zethebula emihlanganweni, ukuhamba, namathuluzi emishini konke kubiza imali. Abadali abaningi basebenza ngokulahlekelwa iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba baphuke ngisho, bethembele emisebenzini yosuku ukuze baxhase inkanuko yabo.
  • Ingcweti ilahlekelwa ikhono lokulawula umsebenzi wayo futhi, ngokugxeka, ikhono lokuguqula izibukeli zibe amakhomishane noma abathengisi be-information, ubuciko bomfene buvame ukulahlwa futhi buthuthwe emapulazini agcwele imali ngaphandle kokuthenga ngesikweleti. Ingcweti zilahlekelwa ikhono lokulawula umsebenzi wazo futhi, ngokunemba, ikhono lokuguqula izibukeli zibe amakhomishani noma amakhasimende.
  • Burnout: Ukucindezela kokuveza njalo-kahhhaka-njalo i-doujinshi emihlanganweni yonke, ukuposa imidwebo epholishiwe masonto onke, kuholela ekukhandlekeni. Umngcele phakathi komsebenzi wokuzilibazisa nesibopho ufiphaza kakhulu.

Ukuze basebenzise le zinselele, abadali abaningi bakha izingosi zokusekela, bahlanganisa imithombo ngezindawo zokusebenza, futhi basebenzisa amapulatifomu anjenge Patreon[ kanye ne[FLT]Ko_6fi ukwakha imifudlana eqinile, i-inshorensi engenisa imali engancikekile kakhulu ekuhlaseleni kwemisebe. Abanye bakhetha ngamabomu ukugcina umsebenzi wabo mncane nangaphandle, bahlanganyela kuphela kwizenzakalo ezingu-63 lapho ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kudlula khona umthamo wentengo.

Isiphetho

UDoujinshi nodwebo olufuthayo luyizinto ezithandwayo − ziyizinjini zokuvuselela amasiko, zifakazela ukuthi i-fendom ingaba njengemisebenzi ebangela ukuba ibe khona. Amahlaya anyatheliswe ngokwawo angaqala umsebenzi wekhono eliwuchwepheshe; umfanekiso obonisa imfiva ungaguqula indlela izigidi ezibona ngayo isithunzi esithandekayo. Ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka bususa izithiyo ezisendaweni nakwezomnotho, kuyilapho imiphakathi eyakhelwe kule misebenzi yobuciko inikeza ukusekela, ukubambisana, nomuzwa ojulile wokuba nokubaluleka. Kukho konke ukuthuthwa kwemizwa yezentengiso engokomthetho, ukuthululwa kwemizwa kwe-aimmy kuhlala kuyisiqinisekiso samandla ahlala njalo ezinganekwaneni nabantu abenqaba ukubuka nje. Njengoba kusekhona imidwebo nezindawo ezithandwayo, izigqebhe, nokunyatheliswa kwezincwadi ze-penni, nokugobo.