Uchungechunge lwe-alumime ne-manga . Itshe linikeza ilens ethemba eliyingqayizivele ebona ukuwohloka kwempucuko. Kunokuba lihlale liphelelwe ithemba, line-frem soisetal conetic reconformation njengendawo enkulu ekhona futhi engatholakali futhi i-"i-"a engekho lutho lapho isayensi kanye nokubambisana kwabantu kungadala izwe elingcono. Isenzakalo esiphakathi, i-mbani eyimfihlo enikeza wonke umuntu emhlabeni, eshiya iplanethi ukuba ikhululeke insimu yayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3,700. Lapho i-slengwabukhali, engokwesayensi, i-Suku Ishima isakhiwo setshe lakhe, iqala ukuthatha umsebenzi omangalisayo wokuziphilisa, isebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe oluyinhloko. Lokhu akunikezi ukucatshaza nje kuphela kodwa futhi kujabulisa kakhulu ekuzindleni kwezimiso ezimisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimiso ezikhona kuphela kodwa ezivundwé ukuba zivukelele, kodwa zingakholeki ezingeni elingokoqobo, singazi ukuthi: [F2]

Isenzakalo Esihlanganisa Izilwane Nezilwane: Isenzakalo Esihlanzekile Emlandweni

Ku . Itshe , inhlekelele yembulunga yonke esebenza njengenhlekelele esheshayo, yomhlaba wonke esusa yonke imikhondo yezakhiwo zanamuhla, izinhlangano, futhi iqoqe ulwazi ngokucwazimula kweso. Nakuba kungekho senzakalo esingokomlando esibonisa ngokuphelele ukubuyiselwa okungalindelekile nangokuphelele, izinhlekelele eziningana zasendulo zasondela ekususeni isakhiwo esihlanzekile. Inkathi yamuva yeBronze iphela cishe ibe yisibonelo esikhulu. Phakathi namashumi ambalwa eminyaka ambalwa eminyaka, cishe wonke umbuso we-Mediterranean waseMpumalanga , iMishnaean, amaHeti, iKassss eBabiloni (*) enciphindiwe. Izimiso zokuhlala kwezindawo zokuchuma kwezwekazi zamazwe ezisaphila, imfucukushane kakhulu, futhi incipheke kakhulu. Imfucucucucu ezindaweni ezisa kakhulu zale kakhulu zezindawo ezikhona emhlabeni. Imfucuku

Esigabeni eside, iToba esenzeka kakhulu eminyakeni engu-74,000 edlule kungenzeka ukuthi yanciphisa inani labantu labalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa nje, yenza i-bodyske yacishe yaqeda uhlobo lwethu lwemvelo. Nakuba kuphikisana, lenkolelo iveza izwe langemva kwe-petrolitific lapho inani elincane labantu kumelwe liqhubekele phambili khona elangeni labantu. Inselele engokoqobo nesebenzayo yokuvuselela isuka cishe kungabikho lutho inesihloko esithinta ngokujulile ngemibhalo yemivubukulo ye-post-pastestrophesh, lapho amaqoqo amancane abasinda eba yimbewu yempucuko yesikhathi esizayo. [[FLT:] [FLT] ithatha idrama eqolo ngokubonisa lokhu ngokunakekela ukubala kwabantu abavukile, umuntu ngamunye aqaphela ukuthi inqolobane yamandla abalulekile.

Ukwakha Kabusha Eqandani: Isayensi Yokululama

Umlando ubonisa ukuthi umgwaqo osuka ekuweni uye ekuvuselelweni kwenguquko yezesayensi awuhlelwanga ngemithombo kodwa nangemiqondo. Indlela kaSenku yokuthatha indlela − ukuqala ngamathuluzi alula futhi kancane kancane uvule amandla esitimu, ugesi, futhi ngisho nomkhathi wesibhamu, ubonise ukulandelana kwangempela kwenguquko yezesayensi. INguquko yaseYurophu, eyakhipha izwekazi lenkathi yenkathi ephakathi, yayiyi-eyenziwa ngokuyisisekelo futhi yasetshenziswa kabusha ulwazi lwakudala, njengoba nje uSenku evusa isayensi yesimanje ezimisweni zokuqala. I-Islamsmusmu Age Golden, ilondoloza futhi iqhubekela phambili, i-Persia, i-Persia, nemfundo yase-India ngesikhathi ihlala iphilile, ibonisa indlela ulwazi olungadluliswa ngayo ngezazi ezifundweni ezintwini ezinikezelweni, isiSku, indima yenkumbulo yabantu abavukele.

Uchungechunge lwe- Kingdom of Science, lapho uSenku eqeqesha izihlobo ezihlangene ukuze zikhiqize insimbi, ingilazi, imithi elwa namagciwane, futhi ekugcineni ube nocingo, luveza wonke umoya wenguquko yezemboni ngokushintsha isikhathi esicinene. Ukushintsha kwangempela kwezemboni kwakuwuhlobo lokuzalwa kabusha (ukusuka ekushintsheni kwemizwa yezesayensi eguquguqukayo) ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba nje imishini kaSenku ibangela ukushintshwa kwe-socited ishintsha inguquko, ukukhiqizwa kwendwa kwendwano, ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini yesitimu, nokufakwa kukagesi ekwakheni ubudlelwane babantu ngokuphawulekayo nokukhula okungajwayelekile. Ngokubalulekile, kokubili ukukhula kwemicimbiza nokulandisa komlando kuvela kubantu abambalwa kodwa abambalwa, futhi kugcizelela ukuthuthukisa intuthuko kwezemisebe yezensi, nokuhlanganisa nemizamo ye-Giner.

Izihloko Zemibuso Ewile Ezweni Lamatshe

UMbuso WaseRoma: Ukuwohloka Okukhulu Nokukhulayo

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esishiwo kaningi kakhulu sokuwohloka kwempucuko ukuwa koMbuso wamaRoma waseNtshonalanga ngo- 476 C. Ngokungafani nokuhlobana okungalindelekile [ku-. Itshe , ukuncipha kweRoma kwakuyinqubo ethatha amakhulu eminyaka yokubola ngaphakathi, ukungahleleki kwezomnotho, kanye nokucindezela kwangaphandle. Uchungechunge luthinta izihloko ezifanayo ngezihloko ezifana neTsuusa Shishio, onomqondo womphakathi owenqaba ukonakala okucatshangelwayo kwezwe lakudala. Tsuuka isifiso sokuvimbela ukuvuselelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze ugweme ukuphinde ulwe ukucindezela okucindezelayo okuhambisana nesimo samaRoma amaningi cishe esizizwa siwohloka ngaphansi kwesimo sawo sobunkimbinkimbi. Umbuso owehlulayo we-stua ezindaweni ezilwayo ezisempi. Umbuso we-Ssukika, lapho usungule impucuko ehlangene nempucuko engokwesayensi ukuze ulwele ukuhlanganisa impucuko.

Ukuqhuma KwesiMaya Esiyisigaba: Ikhambi Eliqaphile Lendawo Ezungezile

Ukuncipha kwempucuko yamaMaya e-Casidic phakathi nenkathi ye-Terminal Classic (c. 800-900 CE) kuyisikhumbuzo esiqinile sendlela ukuphathwa kabi kwendawo ezungezile okungabhubhisa ngayo ngisho nemiphakathi ethuthuke kakhulu. AmaMaya awohloka [, ukulwela imithombo ye-Sulfic acid, insimbi, kanye nokuguguleka komhlaba, okubangelwa yimpi enzima phakathi kwempi. Itshe [[FLT], ukulwela ukufunwa kwemithombo ye-Sulfic acid, iss, inhlabathi, namadwala okungandile, kugcwele izimiso ezifanayo zokusekela nokulawula. I-Senku inzuzo engoko imfuculsus. I-Aption i-mageoctive i-octive i-octive. I-mageexption i-active proced processsssssssssss procepywood proception,

Ukuwa KweSoviet Union: Ukuqina Kwesimiso

Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kweSoviet Union ngo-1991 kunikeza ukufana kwanamuhla. Isimiso sezombangazwe esiqhubekayo, esibonakala singenalusizo, sawohloka phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngenxa yokungalawuleki kwezomnotho, ukuqina kwezombangazwe, nokulahlekelwa yimibono. Lokhu kuphenya okusheshayo kubonisa ukuthi ukuwohloka kwesimiso kungafihlwa kalula ngobukhulu baso kuze kube yilapho sihluleka. Ngokufanayo, ezikhathini zokuqala . [[FLTY:1], itshe , idolobha elinokuthula kodwa elintekentekenteke lincike kakhulu lingawela kalula ngaphansi kobunzima bokuswelwa kwempahla noma izingxabano zangaphakathi ngaphandle kobuholi besayensi. Uchungechunge luveza ukulingana okungalawuleki phakathi kwegunya nenguquko (TYLYM.) futhi luye luye lungene umphakathi futhi luye lwazinziwa, futhi luye luye lwangabhinyanisa umphakathi.

Isayensi Njengenjini, Hhayi Ithuluzi Nje

. I-Stone itshe elisenkabeni ye-Crome ukuthi isayensi iyinhlangano, ihlanganisa umzamo ohlanganisayo − ifa lomuntu elidlula noma imuphi umholi noma isizwe. Lombono uboniswa ngokucacile ngezikhathi ezingokomlando lapho intuthuko yesayensi yasusa khona imiphakathi. Inguquko yaseGreenland [[FLT]] [[FLT]] yekhulu leminyaka lama-20, ngokwesibonelo, ivimbela indlala ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomhlaba osathuthuka ngokuveza izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo eziveza izitshalo, amanyosime, nenkanyezi ethuthukiswayo. Lapho i-Sku isungula ukujikeleza kwesivuno nokuthuthukisa umnyoboko ukuze inike ukudla, iveza ukukhuphucuka okuncane. I-Greenlandston, i-chemist proched proched prochemist, i-Prosophy, i-*, ne----enownfic.

Elinye iphimbo elingokomlando elishukumisayo ukusungulwa komshini wokunyathelisa ekhulwini le-15. Ukusungulwa kukaGutenberg ulwazi olunedemokrati, ukuphula uhulumeni wezikhulu ngokwaziswa nokuhlela iNguquko. EMbusweni wesayensi, ukwakhiwa kocingo lwamakhalekhukhwini futhi kamuva uhlelo lokuxhumana oluqinile lufeza umsebenzi ofanayo: ukuhlanganisa izingqimba ezihlukene zabantu nokuvumela ukusakazwa ngokushesha kwemibono. Lochungechunge luveza iphuzu elinzulu lokuthi ukubuyiselwa kwezezindlela zokuxhumana kubaluleke njengendawo yokuvuselela isisekelo, ngoba ulwazi luhambisana nolwakhiwo olunye uhlobo lokululama.

Ukuhola Nokuphumelela Kwezimiso Ezintsha

Ukubusa okubangelwa ukuwa kwesolitha kuyinkathi eyingozi, njengoba umlando ubonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngemva kokuwa kweRoma, iYurophu yabona amakhulu eminyaka emibuso emincane nabaphathi bempi bendawo (iNkathi yeDark”) ngaphambi kokuba amazwe anamandla aphinde angene. Lempi imendwa imenywe . IStle[FLD][FLD] [1] ngengxabano phakathi kwe-Senku ne-Tsuusa. Tsuusa. Tsuusa’s icebo lokwakha izwe lokuthola inzuzo engokoqobo engokoqobo."Izingeni eligcwele abantu abadala ababheka njengokonakala okungokomlando noguquko okunonya, okufuna ukuhlukana ngokuphelele, njengenguquko enkulu yenguquko ye-Frentshin., ngokwenani eliphakathi kwenani elivamile, i-Tsuki, ngokwezilinganiso oluhlanganisa nokwezingakaze lezizwe, i-Trome.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwangempela kwezwe ngemva kwempi kuqinisa isibonelo sikaSenku esiphelele. I-Marshall Plan, eyakha kabusha iNtshonalanga Yurophu ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, yaphumelela ngokujezisa abanqotshiwe kodwa ngokukhuthaza ukusebenzelana kwezomnotho, izinhlangano zentando yeningi, nokuhwebelana kwezesayensi. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kukaSenku kwangaphambili kwezitha njengo Chrome, Gen, ngisho nabalandeli bakaTsuusa eMbusweni wesayensi kubonisa ukuthi ukululama kuxhomeke ekubopheleleni kozakhelene nempi empini.

Ukulondolozwa: Isifundo Esisifundiswa Izwe Lamatshe

Mhlawumbe ukufana okusangulukisa kakhulu komlando . Itshe liyisihloko esiphindaphindiwe sokuncipha kwempahla nokuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile. Ukuwa kwezakhiwo zase-Norse eGreenland, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi e-Ista Island, ne-Prevermote ngo-1930s America konke kuhlanganyela intambo efanayo: i-eocology yendawo yendawo yaqhutshekwa ngaphezu kwekhono layo lokuthwala, ibangela inhlekelele yesocietal. Imisebenzi ye-Senku ilawulwa njalo ukutholakala kwezinto eziluhlaza. Ukufuna kwakhe i-suluvac acid ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kukhiqiniswe uketshezi oluvuselelwe phansi, impi yokuvikela ibhomu yeminyu, futhi ngisho nokwakhiwa komkhumbi i-Perseus kugcwele yonke inzuzo. I-sene. I-sene yenzeka njalo uma sibuza inzuzo yesibili inzuzo yesibili, noma inqubo yokuqala?

Umlando unikeza ama-ententerthections athile anethemba. Umkhuba wasendulo we-terra preta e-Amazon/a uhlobo lwenhlabathi emnyama, evundile eyakhiwa abantu bangaphambi kwe-Culumbrian − amademoni okuthi ezolimo ezinkulu zingasekelwa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngezindlela ezilungile. Isayensi yezolimo esungulile, kusukela ekukhetheni izibilibozo zemvelo ukuze izame ukuzama umquba, ukukhomba kuloluhlobo lokucabanga okude. Isayensi yanamuhla, kusukela ekuvuseleni amandla okuvuselelwe embulungeni, iyindlalifa eqondile yenkinga engokwesayensi.

Ingxenye Engenakuxazululwa Yesintu: Umphakathi Nezinqubo Zokuhlobisana

Alukho ulwazi lwesayensi olungavuselela izwe ngaphandle komphakathi wabantu abazimisele ukufunda nokusebenza ndawonye. Itshe le- Dr. Itshe letshe ligcizelela njalo ukuthi uSeku ungqondo wobuhlakani ungaba yize ngaphandle kwemisipha, ubungcweti, nokuthemba abantu basemaphandleni. Isifiso seChrome esinganeliseki sesifiso sokufuna ukwazi izinto zemvelo esiyinhloko; iShuka ikhono lokuhlola livela ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu. Lezinkathi ezingokomlando lapho ukululama kotshani kwakuwumzamo wotshani. Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba kwe 1755, okwachitha esinye sezinhloko zakhiwo zezentengo zeYurophu ezichuma kakhulu, ukwakhiwa akuholelwanga nje kuphela yisimo kodwa ngokuzinzisa kakhulu kwezakhamuzi ezivamile, abefundisi, nabahwebi abasebenza ngokunenzuzo, futhi basebenza ngokunenzuzo ezindaweni zokuhweba, futhi baphinde basebenze ngokuncibilika kweze. Ingxoxo yesayensi yezesayensi ephelele nezesayensi.

IRed Cross nezinye izinhlangano zokusiza abantu zinikeza esinye ilens: zihlanganisa isimiso sokuthi ngisho nasekuwohlokeni okubi kakhulu, isimiso sendawo yonke sokusizana singanqoba ukuhlukana kwezinhlanga. Ezindaweni zokugcina zemanga, njengoba uMbuso wesayensi ubhekene nosongo lwembulunga yonke, ukugcizelelwa kusukela ekuvuselelweni kwesizwe kuya ekusindeni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zabantu, ukunanela izinkinga eziphuthumayo zenkathi yethu, njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezibhadane, okufuna ukuba silahle ukucabanga okuvamile futhi sisebenzisane neplanethi.

Isiphetho: Ukuhambisa Itorch Phambili

. Itshe lingaphezu kakhulu kwendaba yokusinda ejabulisayo; liyincwadi yempumelelo egcwele ukulandisa okuhlanekezelayo. Ngokuhlola uchungechunge lwezimo ezingokomlando ezingokoqobo .Inkathi yamaBronze, iRoma, iMaya, iSoviet Union/ kunye neNguquko ejabulisayo, sibona izindlela ezifanayo zivela: izimiso ezithi zivele lapho ziba eziqinile, zincishiswe entweni ezungezile, noma zilahlekelwa ukuthemba kwabantu babo. Ukuzalwa kuvela lapho ulwazi lulondolozwa ngokukhululekile, lungahlangatyelwa, futhi lusetshenziswa ngombono wesikhathi eside wokuzinzalo nokubambisana okungoko. Itshe elikhona, lingabonisa umqondo oqinile, owenziwe ngezimiso zalebhukwizi. [[3]