Uchungechunge lwe-amime ne-manga luqala ngokushesha lujule kwisifundo esicebile sengqondo sokulawula, i-FLT:1] igcwele izilaleli ngemibono elula ekhohlisayo: izingane ezihlala endaweni yezintandane ezizindelayo zithola ukuthi zikhuliswa njengemfuyo yezidalwa zobudemoni. Okuqala njengesilwane esisabekayo esinesibindi esiwubuwula sijule kakhulu ekufundeni okungokwengqondo, u-Iqualic, i-Equalic, kanye nezithunzi ezinde eziphonswe yinhlekelele. UMdali Kai Shirai nengcweti yezezekhono uPouka Demi wakha izwe lapho ukumamatheka konke komna komna kufihla amanga, futhi yonke imisebenzi yomusa iyizibalo. Lesihloko sikhuphula izihloko ezifice kakhulu zengqondo, ukudweba phakathi kweminjula nezincazelo edumile, kusukela ekulawuleni kwezingane ze-Prome.

Umklamo Wokulawula EPharadesi Elihlotshisiwe

Lawula Isithembiso i-Weverland ayisona ithuluzi elibukhali kodwa iqoqo eliyinkimbinkimbi lokulawula ngokomzwelo, ukunqandwa kokwaziswa, kanye nokuklanywa kwendawo ezungezile. Inkedane ngokwayo isebenza njengepanopticon, lapho abantwana befaka khona imithetho futhi bengabaza khona uthando abalutholayo. Isisekelo salesimiso sengqondo siyindalo yenkohliso ephelele kangangokuba umqondo wokubalekela ubonakale ungenangqondo kuze kube yilapho ucrack edalela iqiniso. Ukuqonda indlela lokhu kulawula kwembula ngayo kakhulu ngokuthambekela komuntu kokwamukela inkululeko.

Isimiso Sasepulazini Futhi Sakhiwa

Amapulazi akulezi zindawo ezingokoqobo nje kuphela; ahlelwe ngokucophelela. Abantwana banikezwa imfundo eyanele, ukudlala, nemfudumalo engokomzwelo ukuze bathuthukise “inyama elinganayo” amademoni afisa, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo egcinwa engenalwazi ngezwe langaphandle. Isabella, umbonisi ongumama weGrace Field House, uhlanganisa umgcini wenkundla wezentengiselwano ophelele. Uhlanganisa uthando lweqiniso nonya olungenanya, ukudala isibopho esibangela ukukhaphela kwengqondo. Njengoba isazi sengqondo sisikisela ukuthi imishini yangempela ye-Dicestery isebenzisa ukulawula, isimangaliso esihlolwayo ekuhloleni ukulawula i-coercive House. Umqondo wansuku zonke uyakwazi ukuqaphela inqubo yezingane ezifile. U-Ellen uveza ukuqamba i-mfal u-Anglearner, njengoba usikisela ukuphindiliza kwengqondo kubantu abavamile, ukugobeka inqubo yokuzingela yeqiniso.

Indima Yolwazi Nenani Eliningi

Ulwazi luyimali eyinhloko yamandla eGrace Field. U-Isabella ulondoloza ukulawulwa ngokugada ikhomu ngalinye lendlu nangokulandela izisetshenziswa zezingane. Akacindezela nje amaqiniso kuphela kodwa ulimi olufanayo lokuvukela. Lapho u-Emma, uNorman, noRay beqala ukwakha udwebo, kumelwe basungule imiyalezo ebhalwe phansi kanye nezindawo zokuhlangana. Lokhu kubonisa isenzakalo esingokwengqondo “solwazi,” lapho labo abanamandla belinganisela ngamabomu ulwazi olutholakalayo ukuze balondoloze ukubusa. Uhambo lwezingane oluya enkululeko aluqali ngesenzo esingokoqobo, kodwa ngolwazi olunqamula inkohliso yazo. Indima kaRay yangaphambi kokuhlola njengenhloliswa kuka-Illa, ukufunza amaqiniso ukuze zivikele ngisho namapulani aculo, luqokomisa indlela olubaluleke ngayo phakathi komphakathi wempi. I-robom yomdlalo ophethe i-ededayo, esebenzisa i-enjini elawulayo esetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa umlawuli abalawulayo.

Inhloso Yokuzikhethela Ngaphakathi Kwezimo Ezinqunyiwe

Isithembiso iSimemezelo uNyaka we-Neverland siveza ngokuphindaphindiwe izimo ezizwakala njengezinqumo kodwa eziqiniswe kakhulu. Izingane zikholelwa ukuthi zinenkululeko yokudlala, kodwa izinzwa ziphawula izindawo zazo. Bacabanga ukuthi bancintisana ngokungeniswa, kodwa uhlelo lunqunyelwe kusengaphambili ngezinsuku zokuthunyelwa. Lendlela yokuzikhethela icebo elivamile lokusebenzisa ingqondo ngendlela ebanzi. Ukucwaninga [[FLT: 2] ukukhululeka kokulawula [, okuqale kuchazwe isazi sengqondo u-Ellen Langer, kubonisa ukuthi abantu bathambekele ekunciphiseni amandla abo okuthonya izenzakalo ezithi zilawulwa kakhulu ngethuba noma ukulawulwa ngaphandle. Uchungechunge, ukucwaninga okuqala kunamandla kakhulu ngemva kokuthola iqiniso, ngisho nangemva kokusekela ithemba lokucabanga ngethemba eliqinile ngethemba elikhona phakathi kokuzalwa nokulawula kwethemba.

Ukuphaphama Okungalawuleki Nokushintsha Kwengqondo

Isilinganiso somzimba kaConny ongaphili sitholakala, isisekelo esingokwengqondo esingaphansi kwe- Emma noNorman siwa. Lokhu akusona nje icebo elisontekile; kuyisenzakalo esibuhlungu esibangela ukusabela okukhulu kwengqondo. Uchungechunge lulandelela indlela engokoqobo izingane ezizama ngayo ukukhaphela ngokweqile nokuqaphela ngokungazelele ukuthi lonke izwe lazo liqamba amanga. Ukusabela kwazo eduze nenkolelo yenhlekelele, kuhlanganise nokushaqeka, ukuphika, ukudideka kolwazi, nemiphumela engokwengqondo ethatha isikhathi eside yokuphila ngaphansi kosongo oluqhubekayo.

Ukuwohloka Kwezinzwa Nokuzivuselela

Ukuvubukulwa kwangaphambi kwezenzakalo, izingane zibonisa lokho okungase kubizwa ngokuthi “izwe elinomqondo ophansi” − iqoqo lezinkolelo eziyisisekelo zokuthi izwe liphephile futhi linenjongo. Uma inhlekelele ishaya indiva ukuthi, ipsyche kumelwe ivuselele ukuqonda okusha mayelana neqiniso. Ukushendeza kukaNorman ukuze athole izibalo kungase kubonakale kubanda, kodwa kumelela ukusabela okungalawuleki okungokomzwelo: ukususa uvalo olungokomzwelo ukuze agxile ekusindeni isikhathi esifushane. Ngokungafani, u-Emma, uhlela isenzakalo ngobuhlungu obukhulu obungokomzwelo kodwa usenzela isibopho esilukhuni sokusindisa wonke umuntu. Lokhu kubonisa ukusabela okubili kokusabela okubuhlungu: ukusabela okusheshayo ngokomzwelo kanye nokunyakaziswayo ngokomzwelo. Kokubili ukubhekana nokusebenza, futhi kokubili kuthwala izindleko ezingokwengqondo kamuva.

Ukungavumelani Nesijeziso Esisesimisweni Sothando Nokufa

Enye yezici ezicebisa kakhulu ngokwengqondo ubuhlobo no-Isabella. Izingane zamthanda; wazondla, wawaqamba, wawasingatha, ngisho nanjengoba ayethumela izingane zakubo ngenqanawa. Ukuhlanganisa umama okhathalelayo nesilwane esingumoni kudinga ukunyakazisa okukhulu engqondweni. Lokhu kungazinzi kwengqondo okubangelwa ukuba nezinkolelo ezimbili eziphikisanayo, kuboniswe ngokucacile kuRay, owazi iqiniso kusukela ebuntwaneni. Iminyaka eyisithupha kaRay ulinda, uzenza sengathi uhlela umhlatshelo ophindwe kabili, kubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso esiyingozi sokuxoxilelisa imizwelo kamama wakhe njengombulali, ngakho ubulala imizwelo yakhe ngokuphelele. Lochungechunge awuyibonisi kahle indlela lokhu kuphazamisa ngayo ingqondo nempilo: Ukuzibulala kukaRay umkhiqizo wokuzingela ngokuphamba okunga.

I - hyperchal Nogibe Lokulwa Nokukhanya

Uma nje ulwelwelwe lokubaleka luqala, izingane ziphila esimweni sokugada okungapheli okungapheli. Lokhu kuvame ukucaciswa ekusebenzeni kwangemva kwe-traumatic. Njalo lapho ungqongqoza emnyango, noma yiliphi incazelo eshintshiwe ebusweni buka-Isabella, kubangela ukusabela kokwesaba. Imizimba yazo ihlala igcwele amahormone acindezelayo acindezelayo, aphazamisa isikhashana ngisho nalapho ilola isikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kucatshangelwa ngokulandelana kwezenzo, kodwa Isithembiso uNateland siqokomisa ngokucasuka ngokukhathala, ngezinye izikhathi izingozi zazo ezingaqondakali, kanye nezikhathi lapho zicishe ziphunyuka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Umsindo owezinzinyana wenkumbulo nowokucabanga okungapheli ubonakala lapho u-Emsmand, izimpawu zempilo ezingabonakali kakhulu ngaphansi kobuhlupho.

Ukubhekana Nemishini, Ukubuyela Ekhaya, Nokwanda Kwangemva Kokubuya

Uhambo lwabantwana aluyona nje indlela yokuphunyuka; luyisigaba esiphambili sendlela abantu ngabanye namaqembu ababhekana ngayo buhlungu futhi baqinise. Izitayela zabo ezihlukahlukene zokubhekana nezifo .Izindlela zokubhekana nazo − ezinye zizenzakalela ngokuyingozi − ukupenta umfanekiso ogcwele wokusabela komuntu ebuhlungwini obukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uchungechunge lubonisa ukuthi nakuba ukushaqeka kushiya izibazi ezihlala njalo, kungakhula futhi okunzulu, umqondo owaziwa ngokusebenza kwengqondo njengokukhula kwangemva kwenqubo yokusebenza.

Ukwahluka kokwenza: Inkinga ye-Focud vs. I-Emotion-Focud

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zidweba umngcele phakathi kokubhekana nenkinga (ukwehlisa umsuka wokucindezeleka ngokuqondile) kanye nokubhekana nokubheka komzwelo okuqondiswe (uveza ukucindezeleka okungokomzwelo). U- Emma ubeka isibonelo salowo wokuqala, ngokushesha ebhekisa ku- “Sifanele siphume kuwo wonke umuntu.” uNorman ugxila ekususeni usongo oluhleliwe. URay ekuqaleni uncike ekubhekaneni nokubhekana nokubhekana ngokomzwelo ngokuzinzisa futhi aphelelwe yithemba, kodwa ekugcineni ujoyina inkinga eqonde kahle. Indaba iveza ukuthi zombili izitayela zidingekile; ngaphandle kokuhlikihla okungokomzwelo, iqembu lingaphuka, ngaphandle kokuhlola okubanda kukaNorman, icebo liyohluleka. Ukufakwa kukaPhil, iminyaka emine nonyaka emine ubudala abasebenza njenge-ankile engokomzwelo yezingane, ibonisa indlela elula yokubhekana ngayo nenkinga.

Ukubambisana Kwamandla KaTrauma

Izibopho phakathi kwezingane zeGrace Field zidlula kude nobuhlobo obuvamile; ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngokwengqondo, ukuzwana nokukhubazeka okuhlangene kungadala ukuxhumana okukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi okungenampilo, kodwa kulendaba, kuba umthombo wamandla ahlangene. Ukungaqondi kwezingane ngobuhlungu bomunye nomunye kuzenza zithembele ngokujulile ngisho nalapho izwe lizifundise ukwethemba. “Isithembiso” sibangela ukuba ziphume ndawonye zisebenze njengesivumelwano esizigcina zigxile esikhathini esizayo esingaphezu kokuphila. Lokhu kuqapheleka ukusebenza kwengqondo [[FLT:]], lapho iqembu ngalinye lingakwazi ukubhekana nomonakalo wobuhlungu obulimaza kakhulu, okwenza ukuba ingxube i-mthola-mphimbo. Nokho, futhi kubonakalisa ukudamba okumnyama, noma ukulahlekelwa yi-'iphethobayo.

Ukusuka Ekubeni Yisisulu Kuya Ekubeni Umhloli Ofundile

Inkolelo-lwazi kaMartin Seligman efundile inkolelo yokuthi abantu ababhekene nezenzakalo ezingalawuleki bangagcina beyeke ukuzama ukuthuthukisa isimo sabo, ngisho nalapho bekwazi ukuphunyuka. Izingane ezincane eGrace Field ekuqaleni zibonisa lokhu kushiyeka, kodwa umholi kaEmma ubafundisa ukuthi bangathinta imiphumela. Ngaleyondlela uchungechunge lubonisa inqubo ebuyayo: ithuluzi elifundile. Ngokuphula ukuphunyuka kungene ezinyathelweni ezincane, imishini yokuzihambela, − ngisho nalapho kunokwenzeka, ukufunda ngebala ibala, ukuhlanganisa ibalaza, ukubuyisela ngebalaza elincane ngekhono labo abancane. Lokhu kuveza impumelelo ekwaziyo ukuphumelela.

Igunya, Ukukhohlisa, Nesimiso Sokusebenzisa Ingqondo

Abantu abadala Isithembiso i-Neverland ayizona izigebengu zamakhadi; bayimikhiqizo yesimiso esifanayo abasiqhubekisela phambili, esenza ukuxhaphaza kwabo kungabonakali. UIsabella namademoni basebenzisa ithuluzi lokusebenzisa ubuqili obuyikhothazo olubonisa ukuthi amasu ezwe asetshenziswa amahlelo angokoqobo, amalungu omkhaya axhaphazayo, nemibuso yempoqo. Ukuhlola lamacebo kwembula ukuthi kungani ukuvukela kwabantwana kungavamile.

Umcindezeli Onamandla Nesibopho Esiqinile

U-Isabella usebenza njengomama ogcina ukuxhashazwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kubambisana kukhuthaza lokho okwaziwa ngokusebenza kwengqondo njengesibopho esibuhlungu, lapho izisulu ziqala khona imizwa eqondile ngomxhaphazi wazo njengendlela yokusinda. Uthando lwezingane ngo-Isabella alulona olungenangqondo; luyindlela engokwemvelo yokusabela endaweni lapho ukunamathela komnakekeli kubalulekile ukuze aphile. U-Isabella ngokwakhe uyisisulu salesi simiso, njengoba ake waba umntwana eGrace Field owazenzela ukukhetha kwakhe okubhubhisayo. Ukuqonda iqolo lwakhe lwezenzo zakhe akubekezeleli izaba kodwa kukhanyisa indlela ukuvuvukala kwesizukulwane: ukuxhaphaza inhlekelele okubangelwa ukulimala: okungakho okunye ukuxhaphaza okunikeza indlela yokuphepha okuhlobene. Lo mjikelezo we-National Renalson Plat [F:]

Ukuphambana Negesi Nokuhlanekezelwa Kwamaqiniso

Lapho abantwana beqala ukusola iqiniso, ukusabela kokuqala kukaIsabella akuyona into ewubudlova kodwa isivikelo esicashile esingokwengqondo: uyaphika, uyaphambuka, futhi usikisela izingane ngezindlela ezicubungulayo izinto. Lendlela yokuzikhanyisa ibangela ukuba umuntu angazi ukuthi ungokoqobo, kunguphawu lokuxhashazwa ngokwengqondo. Ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kuka-Emma kuyingxenye evamile yokukhula noma ukuvuvukala, u-Isabella uzama ukulondoloza inkohliso ngaphandle kokubeka isandla sakhe kuye. Uchungechunge luthatha ithonya elibi lengane, okumelwe libambe iqiniso labo kuyilapho betshelwa ukuthi alilona iqiniso. UNorman ukwenqaba kwakhe ukuphoqelelwa ukuba ashiswe igesi, ukuphikelela kwakhe ebufakazini bamehlo akhe, ukuvuma komzimba okuzibusa noma ubani oye walwa nowakhe usongo.

Ukuhlubuka Njengento Ephazamisa Ingqondo

Kungokombono wempilo engokwengqondo, ukuhlubuka kwezingane akusona nje isiqalo esidingekile sokusinda . Ukuhlala kungaqinisekisa ukubhujiswa kobudoda babo ngaphambi kokuba bafe ngokomzimba. Uchungechunge luhambisana nokuqonda okungokwengqondo ukuthi ukuzibusa kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo somuntu; uma kuphikwa ngokwesimiso, isifo sokugula komzimba. Icebo likaRay lokuqala lokufa ngengozi yakhe, kodwa ligcizelela isimo esisontekile sokuzilawula: uma engakwazi ukulawula ukuphila kwakhe. Ukuphikelela kwakhe ekuphumeni kokuphila. u-Emma uzakulawula ukuqina kokuphila kwakhe, ngisho noma kubonakala kuwubuwula, umelela isinqumo esinengqondo. Uchungechunge luthi inkululeko, ngisho nasengozini enkulu, ibalulekile ngenxa yobuqotho. Lokhu kungoko ukuhlelwa kwezenzo zokulawula kwezehlakalo.

Isayensi Yengqondo Yomhlaba Wangempela Edwetshwe Uchungechunge

Esinye isizathu i-The Trudden Neverland efunyaniswe kakhulu ukuthi izwe layo eliqanjiwe lakhiwe kuyisayensi yengqondo yangempela. Abadali basebenzisa ngokuthukela bafake ezindleleni izazi zengqondo eziye zafunda amashumi eminyaka. Ngokuqamba lemibono, singaziqaphela lezi zihloko njengendlela yokuzijabulisa kodwa njengesibonakaliso sokulandisa sendlela ingqondo yomuntu elwa ngayo nokucindezela kwesimiso somzimba.

Ukuthambekela Kokulawula Nokuthatha Ithonya Ngokweqile

Ucwaningo luka-Ellen Langer luka-1975, " I-Illusion of Control," yabonisa ukuthi abantu ngokuvamile baziphatha njengokungathi bangalawula izenzakalo zenhlanhla, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ikhono. EGrace Field, ukuhlola nesithembiso sokuthola umntwana wokutholwa kusuka nje kusuka ekhonweni elisekelwe kulo mbono. Abantwana bakholelwa ukuthi ukwenza kwabo kungathonya okhethayo, naphezu kwesimiso esimisiwe semisebenzi. Le cebo libagcina beqinile futhi bezama ngaphakathi kwesimiso kunokulwa nayo. Umsebenzi kaLanger usiza ukuba bachaze ukuthi kungani abantwana beqala ukuvukela ngokushesha: isimiso sabanika nje indlela ebonakala ikwazi ukuwagcina ekhona.

Ukungakwazi Ukutadisha Nokuqhubeka Ungena Endleleni

Ngokuphambene, imfundiso kaSeligman yokungabi nalusizo ichaza ukuthi kungani ukwehluleka kokunye ukubalekela kungakhungathekisa kakhulu. Uma abantu bebhekana nokucindezeleka okungalawuleki isikhathi eside, bangase bayeke ukuzama ukushintsha izimo zabo ngisho nalapho amathuba ephakama. Izingxenye zokuqala zochungechunge zibonisa ukuzwela kwezingane ezincane lapho zibhekene neqiniso; badinga ukuphumelela kuka-Emma ukuze baqede lowomzabalazo. Kamuva, lapho izithiyo zivela cishe njengoba uNorman ethumela. Indaba kumelwe iqhubeke ifaka izingozi zokuwela esimweni sokungabinaluleki esihlangene.

Ukunakekelwa Okunolwazi Nendlela Yokwelapha

Nakuba uchungechunge lungalubonisi ngokucacile ukwelapha, lumisa izimiso zokunakekela okubuhlungu ngokuhlelwa. Izimiso eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuphepha, ukwethembeka, ukusekela kontanga, ukubambisana, amandla, nokuzwelana ngokwesiko. Umholi ka- Emma udala i-microumentiety lapho lezi zici zichuma khona naphezu kwendawo eyingozi. Uqinisekisa ukulondeka komzimba ngokufihla nokuhlela; wakha ithemba ngokwenqaba ukushiya noma ubani; ukhuthaza ukusekelwa ontanga ngokugcizelela ukuthi wonke umuntu unendima; futhi unika abantwana abancane amandla ngokuzifundisa amakhono. Lezizenzo zibonisa lokho ochwepheshe bezempilo bengqondo [[FLT:]] abakwazi kahle ukubhekana nakho njengezenzo zokusiza abasindayo enhlekeleleni enzima. Umphumela awukusekela ukusekela ukusekelwa kontanga ngokugcizelela amanxeba phakathi nomphakathi okwazi ukubhekana nosongo.

Isizathu sokuba [[Umthetho:0] Isithembiso esingathembisiwiyo [[[Umthetho:1] Sihlale Nathi

Amandla ahlala njalo abangelwa ukumelana kwayo okusabekayo kodwa ukubonakaliswa kwezingane ezilwayo ukuze zikhululwe. Amademoni asabisa, kodwa into eshaqisayo ngempela imishini yokulawula eyenza izingane zibonge ngamakheji azo. NgoEmma, uRay, uNorman, nomkhaya wabo, lendaba inikeza ibalazwe lokusinda ngokwengqondo ngaphansi kwezimo ezizwakala zingenakwenzeka. Ibonisa ukuthi ijele lokuqala lisengqondweni (*) futhi liyisihluthulelo sokuqala. Lapho izingane zichitha iziphambeko zazo, zithatha isinyathelo sokuqala eziya enkululekweni yangempela.

Izihloko ezingokwengqondo ezihlelwe ngaphakathi Isithembiso uNyakatho we-Neverland udlula izinganekwane. Zikhuluma nanoma ubani owake wabuza ukuthi ziphethe ngempela yini ukuphila kwazo, noma othanda umxhaphazi, noma oye wazizwa enesisindo sesimiso esibonakala singashintshi. Loluchungechunge luthembisa ukuthi yonke into iphela ngenjabulo, kodwa igcizelela ukuthi ukulwela izinhlangano kuyazuzisa. Ukuqonda imicabango engemva kokulwa, imicabango, inqubo yokubhekana nomonakalo, amasu okubhekana nayo, amasu okubhekana nayo, awenza indaba ingacebi kakhulu kodwa futhi ibe yithuluzi lokuzilawula. Abantwana be-Grace basifundisa ukuthi akukho ukukho okuzilawula okugcina, futhi ngisho nokunye okulawula okungagcunculisayo, kungathola umoya womuntu, futhi kuphumele, futhi kukhulu.