Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, izifanekiso ziye zasuka kuma-flome adwetshwa ngesandla zaba uhlobo lobuciko lwe-computer olubangela izibukeli zembulunga yonke. Amagumbi okuhlola adumile kakhulu awancikile kuphela ekhononi lobuchwepheshe; ahlakulela ukuhlangana komsebenzi, amafilosofi afanayo, kanye namasiko ahlanganisayo aveza amafilimu ezithombe. Ngokuhlukanisa amapayipi ezithombe ezinkulu ezisetshenziswayo ezindlini zemifanekiso zezindlu ze-Walt Disney Studios, Pixar, Studio Ghibli, Dlodio File, Blue Sky Sky Studios, neLaika . Iqembu ngalinye lingaqonda kangcono inhlanganisela yesiko yesiko, ezobuciko, kanye nezokudweba elivelele elivelele ukuthuthukisa ukusungula lolulimi lwezinsuksuselwa kwemibuko.

I - “stadios ” Ye - Walt Disney Eyisici Esicijile

Walt Disney Ilect Studios yamisa izimiso eziningi zesisekelo ezisaqondisa izimboni. Indlela yokukhiqiza kwazo iletha inhlonipho ejulile ngobuciko bokudweba ngezandla ngokuhlola kobuchwepheshe okungapheli, iveza amafilimu anomuzwa wokuthi alungile nangaphambili.

Umlando Oyinkimbinkimbi

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba uphahla olulodwa lukhanye, uDisney utshala kakhulu ekudwebeni. Abadwebi baveza izinkulungwane zamabhodi adwetshwa ngesandla, bawafaka emabhodini ngokulandelana ukuze ifilimu yonke ikwazi “ukuqapha” njengombukiso wamaslaydi. Lesisiteji, ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi ukuthemba indaba, simema ukuvuleka kwe-critique kubaphathi, abalobi, nabadwebi abakanye nabo. Akukho lutho oluthathwa njengolumisiwe kuze kube yilapho ibhodi ligeleza ngokomzwelo nangokuqondana. Ngisho namafilimu kamuva ancike kwi-computer-mediographe iqala ngalezi zisekelo, isisekelo se-alog, isisekelo se-alog-netting shovel ukuthi i-osex iss arver exterced proced me.

Ikhasi lokuqala lokusebenza kwephimbo

U-Disney uvame ukuqopha abadlali bephimbo ngaphambi kokuba bahlolwe. Lokhu kuthatha, kusekelwe opopayi bomsindo bokuqala bendlu, kuvumela abaculi ukuba bafunde i-audio inflofiction, i-pacm, newings ezingokomzwelo. Isivinini sokwenziwa kwabadlali sisekelwe ekusebenziseni okubhaliwe, kunokuba siphoqe abadlali ukuba bahambisane nokunyakaza komlomo okubekwe phambili. Kumafilimu anjenge- FLTY noma , imikhondo yephimbo ihambisa izinkulumo ezicashicile zobuso nolimi, kuveza isibopho esiqinile phakathi komdlali womdlalo nomzimba ozizwa ziphila.

Ubuciko Obusangulukisayo: 2D Ukwazi Ukuzwa Ezweni Lesithathu

Ukugxumela kwe-Dney kobuchwepheshe bokudweba i-computer akuzange kushiye ifa layo le-2D. Amathuluzi e-propritary, njenge-Hyperdion, elinganisa ukukhanya okungokwemvelo ngokuthinta ngokupendwa, ivumela izindawo ezi-3D ukuba zingenelele ukuthambeka kwe-sclent connent. Amafilimu anjenga Ayakheka kanye ne-ENT] encoto ixuba izinsi ezithambileyo neziciko ezibonisa umsuka ezingokoni ezivamile zamanzi nowoyela. Antators asebenzisa imitshingo yesiko efana ne-freat-sting, i-sney elinganayo, i-ptney elinganayo.

I - “pixar ” Eyisifanekiso Studios ”

UPixar washintsha imboni ngokubonisa ukuthi imishini ye - computer ingayithinta kakhulu imizwelo.

Ukuhlinza Kobuchopho Nendaba

I-Pxar’s BrainSlay Kusukela ku-Trory Story ukuya ku-[FLT:][FLT]] I-Sof [[FLT:] [12]], lesi simiso siveza njalo ukuthi i-progingsonson esemhlabeni yonke.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwangaphambili Njenge - Sandbox Ye - Cinematic

Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale isenzeko sokwenziwa, iPixar yakha izinguqulo ezimaholo, eziphansi zezenzakalo zonke. Lesiteji yangaphambi kwe-presaedital isebenzisa izithombe zesikhashana, ukuma okunganqamuki, nekhamera eshaqiwe ihamba ihamba ihlola ukushukuma, ukuqamba, nokuhamba. Abaqondisi nodwebi bemidwebo bangazama ngokukhululekile, ikhamera ishintshe imibala yesibhakabhaka, noma banqume ngokulandelana kwenani elivulekile. I-sandbox ikhuthaza imibono eqinile, eminingi yayo iqhubekela efilimini eqeshiwe nge-filimi e-filimini.

Ukukhipha Insimbi Nesici Somzimba Esibonisa Izimpawu

Umdlali ngamunye we-Pixar uyisici sopholi esiyinkimbinkimbi. Abadwebi abasebenzisa imishini bakha amakhulu amaphuzu okulawula avumela abaqondisi ukuba balawule amalungu omzimba, imisipha yobuso, ngisho nezingubo zokugqoka. Ngokungafani nezithombe zekhompuyutha ezivamile ezingase zincike ekubambeni ukuhamba, u-Pixar anyanitors cishe yonke indlela, ulwela ukucwebezela nokushaya kwemifanekiso evelele. Izinga elinjengo-WallēE noma imizwelo [FLT: 0] ngaphandle uphumele umboniso ophawulekayo ngoba ugingqi olungavamile lwezintwensizo ezithi ezithulileyo zivumela ucingo oluthulile olusuka ekukhanyele kanye.

Ukukhipha Okungabonakali: Ukuphanga Nokunikeza Isipho

I-software ye-Pixar’s i-Renderman i-injini yetshe letshe letshe letshe le-studio, esetshenziselwa ukulingisa indlela yokukhanya njengoba ihamba esimweni esithile. Ukukhanya kwembulunga yonke, ukusakaza okungangenisi emkhathini, nokulandelela i-ray kuletha izinto ekuphileni, kusukela ekukhanyeni kwepulasitiki yesikhumba sento ekhanyiswayo kuya ekukhanyeni kokukhanya kwenkungu ye-Scotland. Ngenxa yokuthi lezibalo zifuna kakhulu, u-Pixar-jollas ububanzi banikezela amapulazini achitha amahora amaningi ehlala efuleni elilodwa. Umphumela uwububanzi obubonakalayo obukhona ngisho nasemkhathini omhlaba ovelele kakhulu.

Studio Ghibli

Studio Ghibli ime njengesisekelo sesifanekiso esiklanywe ngesandla, lapho yonke ifulegi igcwele khona ukuthintana nabantu okubonakalayo. Ifilosofi yabo yokukhiqiza imisa kuqala ukubikelwa kobuciko neqiniso elingokomzwelo kunezinqamu zobuchwepheshe, ikhiqiza amafilimu abonakala ephefumulekile.

Isandla Esine - ethos Namanzi

Imishini ye-Ghibli ithembele kakhulu ephepheni nasephepheni, ihlola imidwebo ependwa ngokwezinombolo noma ngemibala yamanzi avamile. Izimo ngokuvamile ziqala njengovundile, itshe elingokoqobo, iboleka ububanzi nokungapheleli okungathandeki okuhambisanayo. Amafilimu anjenge I-Moneral Totoro kanye ne-'onke] athengwa yindawo ezungezile ependwe kahle ebekwe ngokucophelela, eveza imibala enjenge-lcredific. [[FLT:] ubuciko bemisebenzi ye-oct:]

Ukuvala Ngaphandle Kwengcaca

Umqondisi uHayao Miyazaki uqala ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kokwenza ifilimu ephelele. Kunalokho, uqala indaba nge-sequalial memone meary membrographs, edweba izenzakalo ezithile futhi avumele abalingiswa ukuba bahole ukulandisa. Lendlela yokwakheka ingabangela ukuba lelicebo lishintshwe phakathi ne propreplation ephawulekayo, kodwa futhi inikeza amafilimu uketshezi, izinga lokuhlola. Umphumela wokugcina uzwa sengathi izilaleli zithola izwe eduze komdwebi we-protagon, umuzwa onzima ukufana nolwesi oluqinile.

Izindawo Ezibukeka Kahle Nemikhuhlane Engokwemvelo

Umklamo womsindo eGhibli uhamba kakhulu kunemiphumela evamile. Umculo kaJoe Hisaishi uphothelwe endwangwini yefilimu ngayinye, kodwa ukunakekela okufanayo kuya ekuthatheni umsindo wendawo ezungezile(-/insleeve ye-octralo, ukuduma kwamanzi agelezayo emthonjeni. I-equail ne-foley isebenza ngokucwilisa izibukeli endaweni ezungezile, uqinisekisa isibilibo esibonakalayo. Princes Monoke , i-clek yemimoya yamahlathi kanye ne-thrum yemboni yenza ukuba kube khona ukuqhuma okungaqondani okuphakathi kwempi.

Imisebenzi Yezithoyizi

Imisebenzi yezingcingo zamaphupho yakha idumela lesibindi sobuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile ishintsha phakathi kwe 2D ne 3D phakathi komsebenzi owodwa. Isiko labo lokukhiqiza likhuthaza ukuthatha izinto eziyingozi, okuholela emabhayisikobho angadayiswa kakhulu futhi athinteke ngendlela emangalisayo.

Izilimi Ezibukekayo Eziluhlaza

Imisebenzi yamaphupho ivame ukuhlanganisa izici ezipeyintwa nge-CGI egcwele. I-Bad Guys kanye Puss ku Boots: I-I-IndreAct[ iyizici ezibonisayo zamuva ezidwetshwe nge-apendice ezinciphisa ngamabomu amaza athile, zinciphisa umphumela wesifanekiso se-tribble esingokwesiko 2.D. Lendlela, ebizwa i-studiary "ukuhumusha okungalawuleki" ne-“nonphoto -edial,” ivumela izinhlamvu ukuba zinyakaze ngesikhathi esifinyekile somdlalo wesandla ngesikhathi esinyakazayo ngesikhathi esinyakazayo ngesikhathi esine ezuzisayo ekwazini ukukhanyisa ikhamera ye-3D enyakazisa ikhamera.

Ukuphoqwa Kwezwi Nokubukiswa Kobuntu

Imisebenzi yamaphupho ivame ukuhlanganisa abadlali abaphezulu be-profile, kodwa ukubhula kujule kakhulu kunamandla ezinkanyezi. Iziqephu ziqoshwa ngabadlali abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa uma kunokwenzeka, ukudlala ngemidlalo ezenzekelayo. Khona - ke abalobi bamba lamarekhodi ngemicroplanown kanye namabhuleki angokomzimba, ukwakha imisebenzi ezwakala ingazwisi. Kung Fu Panda, amandla afana ngqo nohlobo lwe-Po’s eklantroant.

Ukususa iHubs: Kusukela ku-Apollo kuya ku-Moon Ray

Inkampani itshala amathuluzi okulungisa izimboni ukuze ikwazi ukuqondisa izingcweti ngokushesha. [[FLT: 0] i-Moon Ray inikeza injini isikhathi sangempela, izibonakaliso eziphakeme .i- high parefidefidity, ivumela abadwebi bezibani ukuba babone eduze kwemiphumela engu-66fitial njengoba belungisa izibani kanye nezinto zokwakha. Ngaphambili, i-Apollo plat yenza ukuba kuvumelane ngokulandelana okujulileyo ngaphambi kokuhumusha okukhulu. Le mishini inciphisa i-ective trans enzile kanye neqembu elisebenzisa amandla okusebenzisa indalo ngaphandle kokulinda ubusuku bonke.

Indaba: Ukuqeda Isikhunta Esinemisebe Eyingozi

Imisebenzi yamaphupho ihamba ngaphakathi eMqulwini we-Lab lapho amaqembu ahlukene engqondo, akha khona amafilimu afanayo, futhi ngisho akhiqize namabhayisikobho amafushane ukuze ahlole imiqondo. Igunya le-labob liyinselele yokuzama ukuzama ukuchaza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yeklabhu ayifinyeleli. Ama-Idea aphumelelayo eklabhuni ngokuvamile athweswa iziqu ukuze akhule ngokugcwele, afake imibono emisha emphakheni wemikhiqizo emikhulu.

Isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza iStudios

Yaziwa kakhulu ngenkathi eyi-frankce, Blue Sky Studios yaqopha indawo ngemifantu efudumele, eyisidlali ethembele embotsheni eqinile phakathi kwabadwebi bezobuchwepheshe nababali bezindaba.

Izinwele, Izimpaphe, Nokubonisa Okuqhubekayo

Impumelelo yokuqala yezobuchwepheshe yayiwukukwazi ukwenza uboya obungokoqobo nezimpaphe ngaphandle kokushintsha izikhathi ezinkulu. Izimpawu ezifana ne-Scrat kanye ne- RIO izinyoni zazuza ngamandla ayinkimbinkimbi enza ukuba zonke izinyoni ezihambayo nezisabela ngokunyakaza nendawo ezungezile. Kodwa ezobuchwepheshe kuphela azizange zidale ubuntu; izinsimbi zazithwele imishini eyayivumela izibani ukuba zisunduze izinkulumo zingene ehlazweni elibi, i-mathishnadia, ziveza indlela ezwakala ilula futhi ithambile.

Amathuluzi Okubonisa Iqhwa Nomphumela WeNkathi Yeqhwa

I-sky’s propritary ye-Sky, i-CGI Studio, yalungiselelwa ukulawula ijubane kanye nokulawula kobuciko. Abadwebi abakhanyisayo bangasebenzisa izithunzi ngokuhambelana, babone imifanekiso ecishe ibe mnyama embukisweni. Lokhu kujika ngokushesha kwasiza ekusekeleni ukukhiqizwa kwesakhiwo sokusebenza kahle phakathi inkathi ye-IA, lapho i-filimi ngayinye yandisa khona izwe langaphambi kobuchwepheshela kuyilapho igcina isibonakaliso esiqinile. Amathuluzi aklanywa eduze nabadwebi, hhayi enye indlela ezungezile, ukuthuthukisa indlela lapho izinqumo zokudala zazibonakala khona endaweni.

Ingxenye Eyinkimbinkimbi Yokusungula

Isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza sabangela umoya ohlangene, ovalekile lapho abalobi, abadwebi bezindaba, kanye nezimboni besebenza khona ngapha nangapha. Ijokepidi, izibhamu zezindaba, nokuklama kobudoda kungahlolwa ngokushesha. Le ngxoxo evulekile yayisho ukuthi i-gagg ethathwa ekuseni ingaba mnandi kakhulu kusihlwa, igcine i-spontane diase echaza izigqi zale.

Laika

I - Laika ilwela ukunqanda ukuhlinzwa kwemishini, ithuluzi elifuna amandla anzima elidinga ukwakha opopayi ababonakalayo namasethi amancane. Ngokuhlanganisa imikhumbi eqinile namakhulu eminyaka ekhiqiza imishini nebonayo, le ndawo yokuhlola iye yafaka ifomethi endaweni engakaze ibonwe.

Ukuyeka Ukuhlasela Ngokuhlasela

Ngokungafani nobumba olungokwesiko, uLaika usebenzisa izimpawu zokubuyisela − ubuso obungashintshani nezitho zomzimba 3DÍ zinyatheliswe ngesilinganiso esimangalisayo semininingwane. Uphawu olulodwa lungaba nobuso obubhalwe ngezinkulungwane, ngalunye lunenkulumo ehlukile, ufuleme olushintshiwe ngesakhelo ukuze lubangele ukunyakaza koketshezi. Lendlela, ihlangene nezimpahla ezincane ze-laser preming kanye nezintambo, yenza izinga lokupholisha nokungalingani okungakholeki ngesandla (6) kuphela.

3D Ubuso Obunyathelisiwe Nesifanekiso Esithathelwa Indawo

I- yokulungisa i-octive esheshayo iyabonakala kakhulu esifanekisweni sobuso. Amacomputer abala inqubo efunekayo, futhi umshicileli wenhlaka akhiqiza yonke imicro-expression ngokulandelana. Abaqondisi bafaka lemicu yobuso ophahleni ngomanyolo noma nge-pigles, babamba umsebenzi ofanayo ongadlulisela ukufinyeza komzwelo wemizwelo. Kbo kanye neMicroscos , lesimiso senza umsebenzi ofana no-maglone ophezulu we-magnethis C.

Umlingo Owusizo Uthuthukisa Izinombolo

Laika ayilugwemi usizo lwezinombolo. Ulwandiso lwe-green̆, izisefo ze-minucs, ukunwetshwa, nokususwa kocingo kusesilinganisweni, kodwa istudio sizihlanganisa ngokucophelela ukuze isimo sokwenziwa sihlale sinamandla. Ukukhanya okungokomzimba kumashadi amancane kubanjwa njenge-prepiais, kulondoloza ukubhoboka okungokwemvelo nokukhuthuka okubangela ukufudumala okungakho. Umphumela uyi-projectal ehlonipha ifa le-omphini kuyilapho unqoba imingcele yayo engokomzimba.

Isiphetho

Imboni yezifanekiso ichuma ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, zekhono lokubona, kanye nezobungcweti. Ukugada kwemishado ye-classic nendlela yokuhumusha yanamuhla kuveza uhambo olungapheli lwemizwelo. I-pixar’s irederative Brain Surrediation ibuye inikeze imisipha yama-pilictive isunduze ekusebenzeni kwemiklamo. Isandla sika-Ghibli siveza umbala wemibala egqagqeneyo ewukayo esisikhumbuza ukuthi ukungapheleli kungakhazimula. Ukusebenza phakathi kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe, iBlue Sky isusa ukufudumala okusuka ezinjinini ezibumsila, neLaika ifakazela ukuthi i-pilliry dazles enkathini emhlophe. Lezizitholi azikhothanga nje amabhayisikobho; zilungisa izimo zezithombe ezinyakazayo. Ngokuhlola izibalo ze-octive procestingss.