Ngamakhulu eminyaka okulandisa, izibalo ezimbalwa ziye zabangela ukuhlabeka umxhwele okukhulu njengaleyo emelene ne-hero", umthakathi oye wahlula izincazelo zethu ezithandwa kakhulu zobuhle kodwa esafuna uzwela. Laba bantu bahlala ekuvuthweni kokuziphatha, abalokothi bamukele ngokugcwele ukugqama kobuqhawe noma ubumnyama bobugebengu obusobala. Zonke izenzo zabo ziphakamisa imibuzo engathandeki mayelana nokulungile nokungalungile, ziphoqelele izibukeli ukuba zibheke emfantwini phakathi kwalowo othi sizenza uqobo nokuthi singobani ngempela. Kusukela ezinganekwaneni zasendulo ukudumisa ithelevishini, abamelene nohlobo lwezigebe zihlala zibona ngenxa yokuthi ziveza unembeza owenawodwa, ukwenqaba ukuba sisakhele izwe elipendwe ngombala omhlophe. Lokhu kuhlola imisuka emizini, indlela yokucabanga, indlela yokucabanga, nemibono engoko yokuziphatha, kanye nemibono yezimiso zokulwa kwemidabula, okubonakalayo, okubonakala kakhulu kwemithetho ebusayo.

Umsuka Womlando We - Anti - Hero

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba uWalter White ashintshe igumbi lokufundela i-lab, izimpucuko zalwa nababhikishi abamelene nokuziphatha okuxekethile. Ezilandisweni ze Homeric, u-Achilless ujikijela etendeni lakhe kuyilapho abangane bakhe befa, eshukunyiswa ukuqhosha okubuhlungu kunokuba banikele ngesihle. Inhlekelele yamaGreki yasinika iMeda, owesifazane obulala abantwana bakhe ukuze aphindisele, kodwa ubuhlungu bakhe buzwakala kakhulu kangangokuba izilaleli zihlukene phakathi kwesibindi nesihawu. Lezizimo zandulela uveza umqondo wanamuhla wempi emelene nehero, kodwa zasungula isigaba: umkhuba okuziphatha komphakathi okulahla, kodwa okunengqondo yangaphakathi yethu engenakuwulahla kalula.

Igama ngokwalo lazuza imali kamuva kakhulu. Abagxeki belithi i-picaryque ivame ukukhomba kumanoveli angokonyaka wekhulu le-16 nele-17 `imisebenzi efana ne- “Lazarillo de Tormes""" eyabeka ama-raguends namaxoshi phakathi nendawo yendaba. Laba babengabantu abasinda ngobuqili kunokunesibindi, abazimiso zabo zokuziphatha zazingasasebenzi ngokuphelele. Ngekhulu le-19, i-anti-hero yayisibe ikhona ngokucatshaza emisebenzini enjengoDostoevsky “amagugu avela eMhlabeni,” lapho i-narrator engashiwongo ngokomthetho yazishaya inselele khona i-speactive. Isisekelo sasilokhu siveza umqondo wekhulu leminyaka.

IMpi Yezwe yaqeda noma yiziphi iziphupho ezisele ngobuhle babantu obungokwemvelo, futhi ubuciko basabela ngokuhambelana. Izithombe zebhayisikobho nezincwadi zangemva kwempi zaqala ukugcwalisa izwe lazo ngamadoda nabesifazane abaphukile, abahlehlisiwe, futhi abangokoqobo kakhulu. Ifilimu yangoma 1940 no 1950 yayiyindawo yokulwa nabaqondisi ababengaqondi kahle ngokokuziphatha: abaseshi ababethatha ukufumbathisa, abathandi ababeceba ukubulala, amaqhawe asinda ngokuzifaka emfucucwini efanayo nje kuphela. Abamelene nomthetho baphuma ezithunzini futhi bathatha isigaba, bengahlehlanga.

Ukuchaza IHero Emelene Nezici: Izici Nezitho Zokubhala

Nakuba i-hero imelana nokubekwa kalula, izazi nabagxeki baye bathola iqoqo lezici ezihlukanisa lezi zithombe kumaqhawe angokwesiko nasemahlombe asobala. Ngokuvamile, i-antihero ayiyona nje iqhawe elinamaphutha, kodwa ibambelele kakhulu ekhampasini yokuziphatha. Kunalokho, i-anti-hero isebenza endaweni lapho ikhampasi ngokwayo isolwa khona, lapho inaliti iphothwa khona ngaphandle kokuhlala ibheke phezulu.

Phakathi nendawo kukhona ukuzithakazelela okujulile. Ngisho noma ideveli elimelene nempi lifeza isenzo esizuzisa abanye, isisusa sivame ukuhlanganiswa nokuzidla, ukusinda, noma umuzwa wobulungisa womuntu siqu umphakathi ongeke uvumele. Bangase bafune ukuvikela othandekayo, kodwa bayoshisa umhlaba ukuze bakwenze. Izindlela zabo zivame ukuphazamisa izivumelwano zomphakathi, ukukhohlisa, ukweba, ukubulala, kodwa abakwazi ukubhekana nombono womuntu siqu onengqondo ephazamisayo.

Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuchayeka kobuthithithi obungalawuleki. Ngokungafani neqhawe lenganekwane engenakukhohlakala, laba bantu bopha ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi bayahluleka, ngokumangalisayo. Bawela ekuluthekeni, ukukhaphela, nokuthatha izikhathi zobugwala obukhulu. Lokhu kudala ibhuloho lokuzihlukanisa; izilaleli zibona ubuthakathaka bazo siqu obubonakala kulamanani, ngisho nalapho izinga leseqo leseqo lecala likhulu kakhulu. Izibalo zezephulo ezincintiswa izikhali zikhona zisuka “edwa” ezizindlela zazo ezinonya zihloselwe ukukhohlakala, “ezingalawulekiyo” ezisitshebekisayo, ezisimema ukuba singene ezigebelweni zezephula umthetho, ezisezimpini eziphikiswayo. Okuhlanganisa zonke izikhalo zokuzincuphanisa induduzo ecacile.

Ukukhanga Okungokwengqondo: Isizathu Sokuba Sisuke Sinomsuka Wabathile Abadukile

Ukuqonda ukubambelela kwekhono lokulwa nemimoya kudinga ukuphendukela ekuhloleni ingqondo. Ukucwaninga ngendaba yokuthembisa kusikisela ukuthi sikha izibopho eziqinile kubantu ababangela ukuba kube nokuziphatha okuqinile ngenxa yokuthi umzamo wokuhlakanipha odingekayo ukuze kuvumelaniswe nezenzo zabo ezinhle nezimbi ukhulisa ukutshala kwethu okungokomzwelo. Psychology Today ukuhlola ukuheasel kuphawula ukuthi bashukumisa izifunda ezifanayo zobuchopho ezihilelekile ezinqumweni zezenhlalo, kusiphoqelele ukuba sifanekise ukufaneleka kokuziphatha kwethu.

Inkolelo-mbono yezimiso zokuziphatha inikeza enye ilens. Abantu abaqopha isilinganiso esiphezulu sokunakekela nokulunga kufanele, ngokwenkolelo, benqabe ngokuqondile ukungezwani nohlobo oluthile. Kodwa ukuhlola kuye kwathola ukuthi lapho iziphambeko zobuntu zihlelwa njengokusabela ekungabini nabulungisa kwaso noma ukulahlekelwa okukhulu komuntu siqu, izahlulelo zokuziphatha zishintsha. Baqala ukubona i-anti -hero njengenkala kodwa njengesebenza ngaphansi komthetho ohlukile, njengenobungozi, izimiso zokuziphatha. Lokhu kuyinto eyaziwa ngokuthi [[FLT: 0], ibhalwe ekucwaningeni ngezindaba ezilwayo [[FLT] , lapho izilaleli ziqala khona ukwamukela kancane kancane ukulunga kophawu lobudlova noma ukukhohlisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhathazo alwa nempi yamanzi afeza umsebenzi owenziwe ngenkani. Ezweni elifuna ukuphelela okungapheli kwezimiso zokuziphatha, elibona othile ephulula ingqondo ngendlela eyisimangaliso. Singahlola isithunzi sethu ngokuqapha, sibhekane nezifiso zokuphindisela, amandla, noma inkululeko ngaphandle komphumela wangempela wezwe. I-anti-hero iba yisitsha esizingxenye zethu esingalokothi sivume, futhi leyonto eyimfihlo iyadakaya. Akukhona ngengozi ukuthi abaningi abamelene nonoshero baba imifanekiso yesiko: basho ngokuzwakalayo kuphela lokho esikushoyo emicabalweni yethu yangasese.

Izilwane Ezilwa Nezilwane Eziwuphawu Nethonya Lazo Ngaphesheya Kwemithombo Yezindaba

Inkathi Yokuchuma Yethelevishini Yokuziphatha Okuyinkimbinkimbi

Akukho mshoshaphansi oye wamukela ithelevishini emelene nomdlavuza onamandla kakhulu kunale 21-centur. “Ukuhlala eBad” kuhlala kuyisifundo sendaba esingokwendaba. UWalter White uqala njengothisha onozwela [1] obekwe isihlalo esiphakathi nendawo ehlolwe umdlavuza obulalayo nomndeni ongakwazi ukuwusekela. Kodwa ushintsho lwakhe alukona ukuwa nje emseni; luwukungawa okucophelelayo kokuqashelwa amanga ukuthi wayehle ngempela. Njengoba umgxeki u-Emily Nusbaum ephawulwe nge-patria e [[FLT:] u-New Yorker Eardated , uyakwazi ukusenza sinciphe, kangangokuba aze abeke ngisho nangw'iphathwe ingcuba, njengoba esaba izilalelini.

“ ISopranos” ngokulinganayo yachaza ukuthi kungaba njani. Ukubulala kwe-Soprano ngaphandle kokunqikaza, ukukhohlisa umkakhe, futhi ilawula abangane bayo abaseduze, nokho loluchungechunge luzibhocoboza ngokujulile ekukhathazekeni kwakhe nasesifisweni sokuthanda isahlulelo esicishe sizizwe siseduze. Indalo kaDavid Chase yaphoqelela ababukeli ukuba bahlale bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa nesifebe, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, yabeka ipulani yedrama yemidlalo elwayo emelene ne-hero eyalandela "kusukela ku-Madoda” “kusukela ku-Madoma” ukuya ku-“ amaMedo.”

Izilwane Ezilwa Nezilwane Eziphila Emzileni

Izincwadi sekuyisikhathi eside ziyindawo yokuhlola izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezididayo. I-Raspovsky’s Raspolnikov e- “Crime and Signip" ibulala ifilosofi” ikholelwa ukuthi abantu abavelele bahlukile badlulele ekuziphatheni okuvamile. Nokho, ukuwohloka kwakhe kwengqondo okulandelayo kululaza inkolelo yakhe, okwenza incwadi ewuhlolo olubhubhisayo lwegebe phakathi kokuzidla kokuhlakanipha nonembeza womuntu. Ngokufanayo, uPatricia Highsmith’s Tom Ripley uyakhanga, umfutho, futhi akakho uzwelani uzwela.

Imithetho Yokuziphatha Engenakulibaleka Yebhayisikobho

Kusuka ku-Travis Bickle ku- “Taxi Driver,” indoda enesizungu sayo siphenduka i-megalimania enobudlova, kuya kuJoker ezindabeni zamuva nje [1] isibalo esashintshwa esisuselwa ekhonweni lezincwadi zamahlaya saba uphawu lokunganaki kwezembulo, [1] i-Cinema iye yagqula umngcele phakathi kweqhawe nesilwane esingumoni. U-Ridley Scott uRo Batty ofana noRo Batty “Blade Runner” ubulala ngokufa okungashosho lutho ngezithombe ezibangela ukufa, egcizelela ukuthi ngisho nezenzo ezibhubhisa kakhulu zingahlangana nesintu esinabantu.

Indawo Empunga Ngokokuziphatha: Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Okungaqondakali Nezinkinga Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Amaqhawe alwa nempi athola amandla awo emingceleni yezimiso azenzayo ezindaweni ezimpunga. Ukulandisa kwezesigaba kunquma kahle: ububi buqedwe, ukuhleleka kuyabuyiselwa. Indaba ka-Antihero inqaba ukuvalwa okunjalo. Imiphumela iveza ngaphandle ngokungabikezeli; umzamo wokulungisa ongalungile ngokuvamile udala izikweletu ezintsha nezinzima kakhulu.

Thatha i-arc yokuhlenga, indatshana ephambili exoxa ngokumelene nempi. Izimpawu ezifana noJaime Lannister “Imoto yaseThrones” ezindleleni zezenzo ezihlazisayo − ukukhipha umntwana ngefasitela − ukunikeza isiqubulo sobukhazikhazi. Kodwa ukulandisa akulokothi kumkhulule ngokugcwele; isikhathi sakhe esidlule sihlala siyisibazi kuzo zonke izenzo ezinhle. Lokhu kwenqaba ukunikeza izibuko ezicocekileyo iqiniso lokukhula kokuziphatha, lapho ushintsho lugcwele khona, ngokuvamile lungabonakali, futhi kucasha kancane kakhulu ukulimala okwenziwe. Audiences zishiyelwa ukuba zinqume ukuthi umkhuba ushintshile ngokwanele, isahlulelo esivame ukwembula ngokuziphatha kombukeli ngokwakhe ngokwakhe.

Impi yangaphakathi iyimbangela yokungalawuleki kokuziphatha. Ukulwa nokuziphatha kuyindawo yezifiso ezincintisanayo: ukulangazelela ukuthandwa kanye nokucindezelwa ukuba kulawule, ukunxanela ubulungisa kanye nokuheha konya, ukudonsa umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokuyenga kwesiyaluyalu. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuba umuntu abe yisifebe esilula futhi esikhundleni sokukwenza kube yisisulu sokuziphikisa kwabantu. Ukulandisa okuwumphumela kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yethu emikhulu kakhulu, kuveza ukuboniswa kwemibuzo enjengokuthi: Ingabe umphumela omuhle ungowokunxenxa izindlela eziyingozi? Uthando lungaqalaphi ngaphandle kokuziphatha okungakho?

Ukushintsha Kwempucuko Nokukhula Kwe - Anti - Hero Ekhulwini Lama - 21

Ukwanda kwamaqhawe alwa nezikhali akuzange kube khona; kwakhuthazwa ukuba kube khona ngokushintsha okukhulu kwempucuko. Amathemba anamuhla ngezinhlangano nangababusi aqeda ukholo lwawo emaqhawe angokwesiko. Isizukulwane esakhuliswa ngamahlazo − kwezezombangazwe, enkampani, enkolo, kwathola kunzima ukukholelwa kubasindisi abamsulwa. I-hearo yaba yisibonakaliso salokhu kudumazeka, ubuntu obungaphumeleli naphezu kokonakala kodwa ngenxa yokungathembeki kwenkolo ebonakala ithembekile kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukukho okungabazeki nokuziphethe.

Ukugcwala nokuvelela kwamasiteshi ethelevishini kwandisa ngokwengeziwe ukuthambekela. Bekhululekile ekuvinjelweni kokuhlola kwe-social kanye nezindlela zokuhlola, abalobi bangakha ukuhlola okudala okuveza ukuwohloka kokuziphatha okuhamba kancane kancane ngokunemininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlelo ezilandelanayo zanika izilaleli isikhathi sokuhlangana nabashushisi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinhlangothi ezimnyama, okwenza ukuthenwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ekugcineni kuzizwe njengenxeba lomuntu siqu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okujulile kwaguqula izimpawu ezifana nothi “Kubiza Okungcono kuSaul” ezindisweni zamasiko, abameli babo abanezimpikiswano ngokokuziphatha kanye nezinqola zezimoto babe abajwayeleneze njengemikhaya.

Kukhona futhi nohlobo lwezibukeli ezincane, ezibhekene nokuntengantenga kwezomnotho nezinkinga zembulunga yonke, ngokuvamile zisabela kubathathi-mgomo abalahla umsebenzi ococekile wobuqhawe ngenxa yento engcono neyokuzigcina. Abamelene nemithetho ukuze baqhubeke bephila esimisweni esiqinile baveza ukukhathazeka kwangempela kobulungisa nethuba, okwenza izephuzo zabo zizizwe ziwuhlobo oluthile lokuhlubuka kunokuba zibe yisigebengu.

Ukugxekwa Nokulinganiselwa: Ingozi Yokugqamisa Ukuziphatha Okubi

Kuzo zonke izilandiso zabo ezigcwele, abaphikisi abamelene nomthetho baletha iqoqo lezingozi zokuziphatha abangaziqapheli abagxeki. Okunye okukhathazayo ukuthi ukuvama kakhulu ngalaba balingiswa kungazenza zibe ngcono, ngisho nokutuseka, ukuziphatha okulimazayo. Uma umuntu onjengoWalter White egujwa njengomfanekiso wesiko, umugqa phakathi kokuthembisana okugxekayo nokuncoma ungafiphaza, ikakhulukazi ezibukelweni ezisencane noma ezihehaphazayo. Izindlela ezenza ukuwohloka okuthatha imingcele yokuziphatha okune nempoqo, i-oglosomosayo yangaphakathi isebenza futhi njengesisekelo sokuqeqesha ukuziphatha okungathandekiyo.

Kukhona futhi inkinga yokungalingani komfanekiso. I-hero emelene nohlobo lwezifekethiso isalokhu ikhungathekisa, futhi abalingiswa besifazane ababonisa ukungaqondi okufanayo ngokokuziphatha, njengoCerei Lannister noma Villanelle, ngokuvamile bahlotshaniswa njenge-incape, engenalo uzwela olufanayo olunikezwa abesilisa abafana nabo. Lokhu kwembula amathemba angokwesiko aqhubekayo ngokuziphatha nokwesilisa, kusikhumbuza ukuthi isikhalo sikaCersei Lannister noma Villanelle asibalwanga nalutho.

Okokugcina, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukudla okuqhubekayo kokulandisa okungaqondakali kahle kungakhuthaza ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni kunokuba kube nokuqonda. Uma wonke amaqhawe ehlehliswa, wona kanye umqondo wobuhle ungaba usoleka, futhi izilaleli zingahlwithela ekusebenziseni noma imuphi umzamo wokuzama ukuphila ngezimiso zokuziphatha njengobuzenzisi. Inselele yabaxoxeli ukusebenzisa i - antihero hhayi njengesiphetho kodwa njengethuluzi lombuzo wokuziphatha oqotho, kodwa njengethuluzi lokugodlela isibuko kunokuba nje zithengise iphupho.

Lokho Okwambulwa Izikhundla Ezimelene Nezimo

Zigcwele izimpendulo ezilula, iphikisi elilwa nodweshu lisimema ukuba sihlale sidakwe futhi sihlole indlela onembeza bethu abaklanywe ngayo. Laba balingiswa basikhumbuza ukuthi ukuziphatha akuyona into engaziwa kodwa kuwuchungechunge oluqhubekayo lwezinqumo ezenziwa ngaphansi kokucindezela, ngokuvamile ezinokwaziswa okungaphelele nokwethembeka okuncintisanayo. Zivela ngezikhathi zokuphuka kwamathambo, lapho izimo ezithile ziwohloka futhi abantu beshiywa behlanganisanisa imithetho yabo siqu enenjongo.

Ama-hero angcono kakhulu amelene nobunzima bokuziphatha awakhonzi anikeze ibalazwe eliholela ekuphileni; kunalokho, akhanyisa ama-pame. Ngokubona ukwehluleka kwawo, ukulunga kwawo, nezikhathi zawo ezingavamile zomusa, siba abakwazi ukufunda ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Sifunda ukuthi umlweli wempi yenkolo ophambili ugcina isithunzi, futhi umenzi wobumnyama angabamba isithunzi. Ukuthi ulwazi alulona imvume yokuyekelela ngokokuziphatha kodwa ukunxusa ukufinyelela isahlulelo ngokuthobeka, nokuqaphela ukuthi umugqa ophakathi kweqhawe nenobhungane uhamba ngqo ngenhliziyo yomuntu. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngemiphumela yempucuko ye-anti-heroe, cabangela [[FLD:] [F] [0] [B] i-FROCCF] i-'exptions [FFFFF:[1] noma i-PNCOMT]