I-manga yaseJapan iye yashintsha yaba ubuciko bembulunga yonke, kodwa umphefumulo wayo uhlala ugxilile ekwakheni kobungcweti be-inki okungokwesiko. Kudala ngaphambi kokuba amabhulopo namapeni e-minuc aqhubeke ekwazi ukuveza, abadwebi be-manga babesebenza ngebhulashi, i-ibzi, i-cumi, i-ink, nephepha, begcwalisa amahora okusebenza ngokucophelela kuwo wonke amakhasi. Lendlela yokusebenza yenziwa ngesandla ayiyona nje i-intelligicrence ewumbhalo ophansi we-octives; iwulimi oluphilayo olusasebenza ngokulandisa izindaba, ubuciko, nobuhle bezinto zobuchwepheshe, ukugubha, ukugubha, ukuqonda lemizwa kwemizwa yemizwa yodwa nezindlela zobuciko.

Umsuka We - Ink Manga: Ukusuka E - Ukiyo - e Kuya Endleleni Yanamuhla Yobuciko

Ithonya Le - Ukiyo

Ukuze umuntu aqonde i-ink manga engokwesiko, kumelwe kuqala abheke emuva ku-Ukiyo-eblock ye-Edo (163-1868). Le ngxenye ekhiqizwe izithombe zabadlali be-kabuki, i-palles, ispeans, nezindaba ezisunguliwe zemibono ezasungulwayo kamuva ezizoba izimpoqo. Izazi ezinjengo Katsushi Houkosai no Utagayo Kiniyoshi zazingafihliwe kakhulu, ziveza izincazelo zezithombe ezinamandla nezinkulu kakhulu. [izimiso ezivezwe nge-F.] [[0] [i-F]

Amaphayona Akuqala E - Manga

Ukushintsha kwezincwadi ezithandwayo ze-ivolution enziwa ngokulandelana kwaqala ngesivinini esikhulu phakathi ne-Taisho (1912-1926) futhi kwasekuqaleni kwe-Show (1926-1998). Izinkathi zenkathi ze-Prioneeeethithis njengoKitazawa Rakuten ne Ippei Okamoto adale imigqa yamaphephandaba eyahlanganisa izintambo ze-inkcapeathis ze-inki, ngokuvamile esebenza ngesivinini sejubane lemikhawulo yemigqa yansuku yonke. Izindlela ze-Rakuten Jiga yaveza izimpawu, imigqa ehlanganisa amandla okuphila kwanamuhla okuphila kwamadolobha, kuyilapho i-Okatototo idlulisa imingcele yezindawo zezindawo zezindawo ze-ocences, futhi inqubo ekhuphukayo ekhuphuka kakhulu yeze i-1920. Ngokugcwele izinqubo yezezezezezezezezinye i-Gepulka, i-oka, i-ocensifu yemi yemi yemi, i

Ukwakheka Kwama - manga E - Ink Technique Angokwesiko

I-ink manga ayiyona indlela eyodwa kodwa ukuhlanganisa okunemigqa, ukushukuma, ukubukeka, nokuhlelwa kwekhasi. Ikhasi ngalinye lidinga umdwebi ukuba ahlele ukushaya kohlangothi ngokunembe, ngoba inki ihlala njalo futhi izijezi zisebenza ngokusebenza. Izingxenye ezilandelayo ziphula izitini zokwakha ezingaphakathi.

Ubuciko Bohlu Nebhulashi

Umgca ungowomdwebo we-manga. Esandleni somdwebi onekhono, unhlangothi olulodwa lungaveza isisindo, isimo, ijubane, ngisho nomzwelo. Ukushaya kwelayini kwenza ukuba umgqa uhluke ngamabomu kunokuba ube yisigqingi esine-proxy.

Ukushintsha Kwesilinganiso Semigqa Nemigqa Enamandla

Ukuhluka kobukhulu belayini kungezinye zezikhombo ezibonakala kakhulu ze-ink manga. Ngokuhlela umfutho webhulashi noma ipeni eliphonsiwe, umdwebi udala imivimbo evuvukayo ne-apermical. Imigqa eqinile, eqinileyo inikeza izibalo ezingaphambili kanye nezinto ezinzima, kuyilapho imigqa ethambile isikisela izici ezibukhali, imininingwane ekude, noma ukuthambeka komoya ojikelezayo. Lendlela, ngokuvamile incishiswa yi-inkingxilizong sh eyaziwa ngokuthi [[FLM:0] [FLT] , inikeza umqondo wobukhulu kanye nokuphila okuzama ukuthatha ijubane. Izenzo zincike ngamandla, ukunyakaza okusheshayo okubonakala kunyakaza ngamandla; isimo somgxube lwendlela enyakazayo.

Ubuciko Be - nuke Ne - tome

Amagama amabili amaJapane athatha isisekelo sokulawula komxeba wesiko. uchaza uhlangothi olusheshayo ukuya ezinweleni, olunyamalalayo njengokungathi ibhulashi lisusiwe phakathi kwe-35motion. Lelisu lithambisa imiphetho futhi lilungele ukugeleza kwezinwele, ukunyakaza komsi, noma ukugudla kwemigqa yesivinini. [[FLT:] [[FLT]], ngakolunye uhlangothi, liyinqaba yamabomu, iqinile ngokushelela kancane kancane kwezinwele ekupheleni kwendlela, intuthu, i-met shovel'umugqa phakathi kwe-ke kanye ne-meme). Inkosi edlala phakathi kwe-ecene. I-partsssss i-me i-sced, noma igwebu, i-e, igoboto eliqinile, noma igoboto eliqinile, noma eliqinile, lincike kuvinye iphiphini eliqinile, lapho iphibili lihamba kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye.

Imiphumela Yebhulashi Nemifino

Uma ibhulashi eligcwele i - ink16 liphansi emswakama noma lisetshenziswa ngokunyakaza okusheshayo, ukukhanya, ukuvuleka kombala, uhlobo oluphukile olwaziwa ngokuthi i-kafire iyavela. Lobububhulabhuli obuqinile bunezela ubugoxo etsheni, igxolo, noma isimo sezulu esibhabhabhayo futhi singadlulisela umuzwa wesenzo esisheshayo noma ubudala. Ngokungafani nokuchanyuselwa, i-kafingfini izenzaka ngengozi, abadwebi abasebenza ngokushesha nangokuthemba amathuluzi abo. Ikhono lisekelwe kakhulu emalini-iglogigraphy, lapho ubuhle benhlo eshayo ilinganiswa kakhulu njengezikhala zayo njengengxenye eziqinile.

Ukugunda Nokubhala Ngezincwadi: Ukujula Kobuciko Nesimo Somzimba

Ngaphandle kwemigqa, umsebenzi we - inki wesiko unikeza incwadi ehambisana nezincwadi ezibanzi ezibonisa ukuthi zinamandla, futhi azinakuthathelwa indawo.

Ukugwedla, Ukuphamba, Nokudilika

Ukwenaba okuphakathi kwemigqa ehambisana ne-FLT, kusikisela isithunzi, indlela, noma ngisho nokubukeka kwendwangu okuxhomeke ekugqameni nasesilinganisweni esikhethekile. Ukulinganisa imigqa ehambisanayo] isikisela isithunzi, ukuqondisa, noma ngisho nokubukeka kwendwangu okuxhomeke elayinini ebekwayo nase-engileni. [[FLT]] [[FLT]] Cros kanye [ izingqimba zemigqa ezihlanganisa imigodi ukuze ivumbe kakhulu, ngokuvamile ibonwa ezingxenyeni ezimile, ebusuku, noma eziphawulekayo zesiphithiyo. [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [5], ukufakwa kwezingalo ezincane, kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa imigodi eshubile, noma i-influeat, zonke izindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo ezintathu, noma ezingaphezulu, ezingaphezulu kohlobo oluqinile, ngisho nokuphakama, isilinganiso esiqinile.

U - Inki Ukugeza NoBokashi

Enye yezindlela ezivamile ihlanganisa ukuthambisa i-cumi inki ukuze ikhiqize i-irhes. Indlela, efana nombala wamanzi, ivumela umdwebi ukuba alale phansi iphimbo elimpunga ngokucwenga ngebhulashi, akhe amathunzi nezizinda ezithambile. Igama lesiJapane bokashi[[FLD] [[FLT]] ichaza umsindo onyakazayo ofezwayo ofezwayo ngokulawula ngokucophelela umswakama ephepheni. I-washbod ingabeka i-spottontontontontontontonton, igumbi elimnyama, ukuthula kokunswela [amahora amaningi]. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuxuba okuxuba kufakwe ngokuqondile ephepheni, ukufuduselwa kahle nokufuduka kwemizwa kwemizwa kwemisebe.

Izinhlendla Nezandla Ezisetshenziswa Kubuso Beskrini

Ngaphambi kokuba imisindo ye-minucreen iqale ukuba i-mime digital isebenzise amashidi anamabhande afanayo, abadwebi basebenzisa amafilimu anamabhande agxivizekile, aqala ukuthunyelwa eJapane ngawo-1960. Le misebe yescreen” yayinamachashaza afanayo, imigqa, noma amabala ezinkanyezi ayengasikwa ngommese futhi ashiswe enziwe ngezobuciko bakuqala. Imishini ehlanganisa ukubekwa ngokunembile kuphela kodwa nekhono lokususa izingxenye ezithile ze-mome enombhalo owe-palm, ukuveza amaphuzu agqamile, ikhono elaziwaziwa ngokuthi [[[FLTLML:]] [FLT]] [FLT]]. Nanamuhla, imishini eminingi ihlanganisa iziteshibili ezimile ngemisindo engokoqobo, igcina umugqa omnyama ngesikhathi esincane lapho isebenza. Umkhuba wokusika, ukushukuma, nokushisa kwesandla, nokwenezela amapayidi enziwe ngokubukeka kwabantu abaningi.

Ukuhlelwa Kwendlela Okusebenza Ngayo Nokulandiswa Kwalokho Okubonakalayo

Ikhono lobuchwepheshe alisizi ngalutho uma indawo eqondisa iso lomfundi. I-ink manga idwetshwa kakhulu izimiso ezicwebezelayo ezifakelwe kakhulu ekuphumeni kwekhasi le-orchestrate. Umqondo we nonotan, ukunyakaza okuvumelanayo kokukhanya nezikhala ezimnyama, ukunikeza ukufakwa kombala omnyama nomhlophe omnyama. Izindawo ezinkulu zomnyama phela ‚ ezisetshenziswa ngebhulashishi elisheshayo, zenza i-screamscreat, zihlukanisa uphawu noma ziveza umzuzu wokukhanya. Isikhala esivuthayo, uphawu olungabonakaliyo [[FLTLD:] [FLD2] [FLT], ziveza ukuthumba, ukubuthulula, noma ukubuka. Ingcweti futhi isebenzisa imigqa ezindaweni zombili ukuze ibone izimpawu zemvula, kodwa izibona nokubheka ezindaweni zesokudla.

Ithuluzi Lomdwebi: Izinto Zokuloba Nokubaluleka Kwazo

Ithuluzi ngalinye linikeza izinga elihlukile, futhi izinto ezikhethwayo ziveza ikhono lomdwebi lokubona ngendlela asebenzisa ngayo izinto zobuchwepheshe.

Izixubho Nezindwangu

Iqophelo lomdwebi linezinsimbi eziningi: ibhulashi le-collet ye-appy ([[FLT: 0]] iphethe i-fude), ifake amapeni ([] i-tsukepen[), futhi i-filter. i-coplinerrr. i-copyrainter fibrfish iphatha ithurn inkip, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqeda i-injini emnyama ne-injini, i-fullbox, i-Foctivemous, noma i-fut. [injini engaphezulu kakhulu] [injini engaphezulu] i-fut, futhi ishiya i-FFFoctive.[10] i-evolue.[if] Ikhefu encike kakhulu ye-oce: [ifice i-fu ewuhlu elithambileyodwayodwayodwayo, futhi i-ofu ewuhlobo elingu.] futhi iyakwazi ukuculu

Izingodo Nezingulube

Izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ze inki zibusa imanga engokwesiko: iNdiya iink nokulingana okukhulu. Idala imigqa enyakazayo eveza igeja ngokuhlanzeka futhi imelane nokunyamalala. [[FLT:] i-india ink iyigugu ngenxa yokujula kwayo, emnyama futhi ehlala njalo, emnyama nahlala njalo, ecwebezelayo, encibilikayo, encibilikayo yamanzi. Ingcweti eveza i-ok kanye ne-okthi ye-octrains. SSIM in K, eyenziwe nge-out neglue, inikeza umfula ompunga ovuvunda kakhulu lapho icwe namanzi. Imishini encibilizayo ihlanganisa ngisho nezinga ezikanywe ngohlobo oluncane.

Iphepha: Indwangu Yokuzikhethela

Iphepha lombhalo wesandla weManga ([FLT: 0] imankan kami) lisungulwe ukuba likhuthaze ukuvaleka kakhulu ngaphandle kokopha. Lineziqondiso eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezingekho ngqiqweni, imigqa eqondeneyo, nezindawo eziphumayo. Umphezulu obushelelezi uvumela ama-nibs ukuba atshuze lapho ekhipha izinyo elanele ukulawula unhlangothi; iphepha elibangela ukugxuma, kuyilapho iphepha elithatheka kakhulu libangela ukuthandeka. Ubukhulu bephepha obungalingani kakhulu bubangela ukuqhaqhaqhaqhatha amaphephetshuzeli. Ubungako obuphezulu i-hihis (iphepha elivamile) lisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ukukhipha izinyo lezinhlamvu ezisezinzile nezicashini eziphambili. Ukulungisa isilinganiso esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Inqubo yokulungisa isilinganiso sephepha esincane kakhulu, isilinganiso esisebenza ngokufuzelelwe ngisho nesezinsi, imishini ezindaweni ezisebenza ngokufunyanye.

Ingcweti Yobuciko: Ingcweti Yemifanekiso Nezobuchwepheshe Bayo

Ukuhlolwa kwezindlela zobugqila kuveza indlela umuntu angazichaza ngayo. [[FK:0] umqulu Tezuka[[FLT]], u-“Nkulunkulu weManga,” uthembele elayinini ehlanzekile nebulongwe ukuze aphumele ukugeleza kwe-metaphitic. Ukukwazi kwakhe i-metaphois , lapho izibalo zishintsha khona umdanso woketshezi lwe-inko, zihlala zingakholeki. [[FT]] u-Mikhanyu [[FLT] [FFFF: 3], umklamo owe-ibhuquwe [fu] [isifu] izihloko ezicutshiwe kakhulu] [injini nezindlela eziningi kakhulu]. [inani elikhulu kakhulu izihloko ezihlukene:] izihloko ezihlukene, izihloko eziphumayo, i-Fakthe, i-A ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kakhulu kwengxenye yohlobo olukhulu] [ngethe kakhulu] [nge isiXhomu: [ikhulu] [ikhulu lengxenye enkulu yesilinganiso sengxenye ephansi] [yensi] yesilinganiso sengxenye yesilinganiso senye] [ye yesilinganiso senye inombolo

Ukushintsha Kwezinombolo Nokulondolozwa Kwamasiko

Ukunyuka kwezibhebhe zomdwebo ne-software njenge-Clip Studio Pain ngokungenakuphikwa kuye kwaguqula ukukhiqizwa kwe-maniga. Ukuphumelela, imiyalo yokubuyisela, nokusebenzisa imishini ngokushesha kunikeza izinzuzo ezishukumisayo. Kodwa inkathi yobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe ayikayicimanga inki engokwesiko; kunalokho, iye yashintsha indima yayo futhi yavusa ukwazisa okuvuselelwe ngemisebenzini.

Amathuluzi emishini nj. Inki engokomzimba

Amabhulashi amanani manje alingisa ama-Gûpen, amapeni, futhi ngisho nemiphumela ephawulekayo yokwethembeka, ukulinganisa itshe elixegayo nomdwebi wohlangothi olungokoqobo. Kubenzi abaningi abasanda kuvela, isibhebhe siyindawo yokungena ethengwayo nexolelwayo. Nokho, ukunikeza incazelo engenakulungiseka yephepha elinsundu, isibopho esingapheli sohlangothi olumnyama, kanye nesamandla elulayo ekwazi ukulinganiswa ngohlobo olucacile lwe-icketlet, kanye nophawu lwe-seasensitisc ekhankapheni lokungakholeki. Abaqondisi abaningi bemicinza isilinganiso esivamile sokuhlela imicabango esobala, ukukhomba isilinganiso sokubaluleka kobungako, ukwamukele ukungapheleli, nokuthola inkulumo phakathi kwe-h65, kanye nokuqondisa iso okushukumisa iso ngokungenakulungiseka ngokuphelele. Abaqondisi abaningi bekhono abaqopheli abadwe ngophawu olucwe kahle kakhulu, banikela ekufunekeni kwemiqulo lokuqala lokuqala lokuqala lokuqala lokuqala lokuqala.

Ukugcwala Komsebenzi Oluhlaza Nokuvuselelwa

Ngokwandayo, ochwepheshe bathatha indlela exubile: basebenzisa ipensela ne-inki ngesandla, bese behlola i-mechary ephezulu yesinqumo sokulungisa i-minuctive, umbala, kanye nezinguquko zokugcina. Lokhu kulondoloza izinga lomgqa wokwakheka kanye nezimo ezizenzekelayo ngesikhathi besebenzisa impumelelo yanamuhla. Imibukiso enjenge British Museum ye-“Manga” ebonisa [ neqoqo elihlala njalo le-'eMyuziyamu'e [FLT] eMbhoshongweni we-Manga] i-Koto International Mantam Museum [ igubha iqala emakhasini njengemicebo, iphakamisa ngaphezu kwezokuzijabulisa ezilahlwayo. Abaphathi bemisebenzi eTokyo basafundisa ngokuhlikisha, ukuhlikisha, nokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isizukulwane se-Farkarkarkarkign i-evsting sisebenza kanye nenza ngokuzilolo oluphambili.

Ukukhanga Okuhlala Njalo Kwe - Ink Manga Yendabuko

Kungani i - ink isayibamba amandla enkathini yemisebe ephezulu? Ikhambi lisekuboneni komzimba kanye nokuba khona komuntu. Ikhasi ngalinye elilahliwe liyinto eyodwa: umbhalo oqondile wokuhamba kwengcweti, ukuphefumula, ngisho namaphutha. Amaqoqo amancane e-cumi, i-cumedi e-figrot, ulwelwesi olumhlophe oluxekiwe, ulwelwelwesi olumhlophe olunolwembu olumhlophe, olunolwembukwane olubonisa ubuqiniso nobuciko. Empucuthe kakhulu imibala ethandwa kakhulu yi-mklabo, amakhasi ebanzi emibala ebanzi nemifanekiso emihle. Abaqongeleli bakhokha izintengo eziphawulekayo ze-intengo yokuqala [[[FLT:] [FLT] [FLG1] [ult:1] [ult.] [ulm, kanye nochungechunge lwezithombe ze-mankameackane zezimiso ezibonisa imibala esebenzayo.

Amacebiso Abadwebi Be - manga Abanekhono

Kulabo abazimisele ukungenela lomkhuba odinga izinto eziningi kodwa ozuzisa kakhulu, izimiso ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zingalithambisa izinga lokufunda:

  • Bhegin ngemisuka: Ukubhoboza, ukuchanyuselwa, nokugobeka ephepheni lemibhalo yesandla elisusiwe nsuku zonke. Yakha inkumbulo yemisipha ngaphambi kokuzama amakhasi agcwele.
  • [[NTL:0] Ingenele kakhulu emamathuluzini aphezulu: Ibhodlela langempela lesiJapani Gqhapen, ibhodlela le-cumi inki, nephepha elifanele le-manga lizokufundisa okungaphezulu kwezingabizi kakhulu. Funda ukuhlanza nokulondoloza ama-nib akho ukuze wenze njalo.
  • Funda abaphathi: I-Trace (ngesifundo somuntu siqu) noma ukudweba kabusha amabhodi eTezuka, Mizuki, Otomo, kanye nabadwebi bakho abathandekayo ukuze bathathe izisekelo zabo zomnotho nezinqumo ezifiphele.
  • Ibhungane lihlala njalo: Unganciki ekugogeni. Hlela uhlangothi ngalunye ngengqondo ngaphambi kokuthinta ipeni. Amaphutha ngokuvamile aba izingozi ezijabulisayo ezinezela umehluko.
  • [ Uphakamiso ne-wash: Dilute sumi inki ukuze uhlole ukulawula i-nal. Ukugeza okukodwa kungadlulisela imizwelo ngokushesha kunamahora okuchanyuselwa.
  • Gcina umagazini wesu lobuciko: Qaphela ukuthi yiliphi iphepha nenhlanganisela ye inki okuveza imiphumela ethile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuba incwadi yakho yendlela yokupheka.
  • Izindawo zokusebenzela ze-Attend uma kungenzeka: Iminyuziyamu ye-manga nezikhungo zobuciko zendawo kunikezwa ngo- ­ ­ ­ properson noma amakilasi kulayini amboza ukuphatha kwebhulashi nohlelo lokusebenza kwephimbo.

Lapho lezi zinqubo sezikunike amandla okusunduza imingcele kuyilapho uhlala uhlobene nohlu olucebile lozalo lobuciko.

Isiphetho: Umngcele Ohlanganisa Izizukulwane

Ubuciko be-ink manga buyinto engavamile. Lulimi olunamandla, olululile oluye lwaveza injabulo, usizi, isenzo, nokucabanga esikhathini esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Wonke amabhulashi athwala ubunzima bomlando kuyilapho evula amathuba angenakuchazwa. Njengoba amathuluzi emishini e-minucro aguqula, izimiso eziyisisekelo ze inkcurnshow .Intentiumty, ukuzwa kwezinto, nobuhle besandla esingaphelele kuhlala kufundisa njengakuqala. Ngokuhlola nokulondoloza lezizindlela, abadwebi nezithakazeli ngokufanayo baqinisekisa ukuthi ukushaya kwemicu kuqhubekela ngephepha lezizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukuhlola ngokujulile i-manga umbukiso we-mcroll ye-manta, vakashela i- Osamu Tezuka esemthethweni yezindawo [, hlola umbukiso weManga emyuziyamu weManga], futhi ufunde nge-cumei inscrom ekhonweni ejwenziwa yizinto . [[FLT:]] Kyoto International Manga Museum inikeza umbono ongenakuqhathaniswa ngemibhalo yesandla yokuqala yesandla kanye namathuluzi.