INkathi Yenguquko KaManga Yekhulu Lama - 20

Ngaphambi kokuba i-manga ibe yithonya lembulunga yonke lempucuko, kwakuyindlela yokuzijabulisa ehloniphekile eyasungulwa amasiko obuciko baseJapane kanye nokuvuseleleka kwesizwe ngemva kwempi. Ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka labona ukuthakatha kuphenduka kusuka ekulula, ukuhlobanisa izihloko zezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikwaziyo ukuhlola noma isiphi i-genre, kusukela ephusheni eliyinkqwla kuya empucukweni ewubusweni ewubusweni. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwesizukulwane sabadwebi bemibono abadwebi abaqala ukunyakaza imingcele eklanyweni, ukulandisa, ukujula. Umsebenzi wabo wabeka isisekelo semboni manje efinyelela izigidi zabafundi emhlabeni wonke, ukuthonya ifilimu, ukulingisa, ukuthwesa, nezincwadi ngalé kwemingcele yeJapani. Ukuqonda abadwebi benkathi yegolide kuveza indlela yobuciko eshintshashintshashintshashintshayo ezizukulwaneni namasiko. Izincwadini elivela ezindaweni zobuciko zembulunga zonke, ukuveza intuthuko esisukela ezingeni lembulunga esiphezulu, intuthuko esisukela eJapan, intuthuko esibanzi, intuthuko, intuthuko esisukela ezingeni elibanzi, i

Osamamu Tezuka: Umklamo Wemanga Yanamuhla

Akukho kuxoxisana nge-20-centurga engaqala ngaphandle kwe-Osamu Tezuka. Izwe libhekwa kakhulu ngokuthi "uNkulunkulu weManga," yenza ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi umdali ukuba aguqule amahlaya abe yisibali esihlonishwayo. Yaqala ngo-1980 eToyonaka, Osaka, Tezuka yakhula ibukela amafilimu amaDisney namasuntrysunts adwetshwe amasuntswana kamuva ayezochaza ikhasi lakhe. Lobungcweti bakhe bakuqala, iNew Prebource Island [[[FLT: 1] [1947], yaveza ifilimu-paint, eduze, i-ups &mdashdase; ukusungula okungahluliwe ezindaweni ezishubile ezisene zenkundla ezishubileyo. Lendlela yokuhlobana nezithombe zakuqala yaba yimboni ejwayelekile kakhulu, eyatshelwa ngayo yonke ikhasi.

Umkhiqizo omkhulu we-Tezuka wahlanganisa uchungechunge lwezici zesibonakaliso sezwe olunjengo-Astro Boy (] UMTHY Atom), [[FLT:]] i-Astro Boy [[FLT:]], i-Actba i-White Mobe [[[FLT]][4]] i-Amba i-White Moon [[[FLT]], ihlangene nezindaba eziqinile zesayensi ngemibuzo ebanzi yesintu, ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa, kanye nempi. [[FLT] umboniso wokwenziwa komscm'om's , amehlo amakhulu akhanya kakhulu. [[FLTY:] [8] [ultlk:], enziswayo ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kakhulu zolimi, futhi eziwuhlwele kakhulu.

Imisebenzi yakhe yobudala, ikakhulukazi Phoenix kanye [FTL:2] ne[FLT] Adolf, kwabonisa ukuthi i-manga ingalawula ifilosofi, ukufa, kanye nomlando onezimo eziqinile zokuhlakanipha. i-Tezuka' nomnyuziyamu wezemisebenzi yakhe yezemfundo nenqolobane iqokomisa isilinganiso esimangalisayo somkhiqizo wakhe i- — ngaphezu kwemiqulu engu-700 ehlanganisa yonke i-genref. indlela yakhe yokuhlela ngokuyisisekelo indlela abadwebi abacabanga ngayo nge-teom nolimi. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe ngo- 1989, u-Tezuka wayeqeqeshelwe noma izibalo eziphefumlelwe zaba abadali abadali, uqinisekisa izindlela zakhe ezigcwele. "uGodgarlay" akanikeli umbiko wayo; umlomo wayo umnini wolimi owenziwe ngaphandle kwethonya lomuntu.

U - Akira Toriyama: Ukunciphisa I - shonen Esemhlabeni Wonke

Uma iTenika yakha isakhiwo, u-Akira Toriyama wanezela uphethiloli werokhethi. UDensida ekupheleni kwawo-1970 . U-Slump, uToriyama wathola idumela ngokushesha lokuqamba, ukunyakaza nokuhlaya okungahlonipheki. Kodwa kwakuyi-Dragon Ball [, kusukela ngo- 1984, eyamfaka enkanini ekwaziweni eyinhlaya. Ngokungazelele wathola idumela lomculo wesiChohohohova [[FLTFL:] [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [5], uchungechunge olusuka ku-grangenway'odr' olukhazi olukhanyayo lwempi luye luchaza ukuphakama kwempi. Ukulawula kwempi.

Indlela kaToriyama yobuciko ibonakala ngokushesha: unxantathu, izinhlamvu zemisipha ezinamandla nezithatha isinyathelo ngokulandelana ngokuqhuma. Wenza izizinda zagxila ekunyakazeni, indlela yokwenza izigcawu zifundwe ngesivinini nangokucacile. Umklamo wakhe wefilosofi wagcizelela izimpawu kanye nokuma okufundeka, uvumela abafundi ukuba balandele iminyango eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokudideka. I-Dragon Ball[FLL:1] yathuthukisa umqondo wokwanda kwamandla namabhandeba, imishini yokubala i-mime egcwele i-manga ne-amime. Uchungechunge udwebe udwebe ugqolo lwezinguqulo zesiNgisi futhi udwebe indlela yokuqhakaza kwezizwe zonke ngo-1990 nango-20000.

Ngalé komsebenzi wakhe, uToriyama udwebo lophawu lwe-Dragon Fhust uchungechunge lwemidlalo yevidiyo lwaqinisa ithonya lakhe kuso sonke isizukulwane sezezindaba zaseJapane. Ikhono lakhe lokuhlanganisa amahlaya, izigxobo eziphakeme, nophawu olusuka enhliziyweni lwabonisa ukuthi izindaba zezenzo akudingeki zidele i-resonance. Ngisho nanamuhla, abadwebi bezithombe basho uToriyama umnotho nosigqi esibonakalayo njengokukhanya okuqondisayo. Uhlelo lokuqala lokusebenzisa [[FLT] i-Dram Ball[FLD [FLD:3] luthengiswe amakhulu ezigidi zamakhophi, futhi ukushintshwa kwawo kusele isisekelo somthetho wezezwe. UToriyama wabonisa ukuthi umdali oyedwa angafaka isigqi sokukwazi ukuphinde abheke izwe. I-Foctive transtensting nge-edumssting, njengoba kusebenza ngohlelo lwezelelwe ngonyaka ka-1990e.

Rumiko Takahashi: Ukuqeda Izithiyo Ezibangelwa Izigebengu Nge - Wit Nenhliziyo

Nakuba i-laint manga yayivame ukubusa amashadi okuthengisa, i-Rumiko Takahashi yaqopha indawo elula ukufakwa kuyo. Njengenye yezingcweti zabesifazane eziphumelela kakhulu zezentengiselwano ze-manga esikhathini sonke, waba yiphayona hhayi ngokuqapha kodwa ngokuzichaza ngokuzolonga nangokulandisa. [FLT:] [[FLT:] [FLT] [FLT] [4], RMANT], wafaka inganekwane yesayensi, i-condsting, futhi washaya izintimba ngendlela ekhanga abantu abaningi. Kamuva uchungechunge olufana [FLT:] [FLD2] [FLD] [FLD] [FFF] luyeye.[12]

Ubuntu obungathandeki buyi-Takahashi umbhali wephupho likaTahashi, owehlisa amaphutha. ULum, umfanyana ongaziwa ovela [ku-] u-Ururei Yatsura, uyintombazanyana ephuphayo kanye kanyekanye nentombazanyana ethanda ucansi, ephambukisa i-pignome elula kakhulu, ehlukanisayo ejwayelekile elamakheni elivamile ngo-1980sga. [FLTY:2] [[FLYDA] wathatha i-panel-fasyssssssss futhi wayifaka ingxabano yothando yanamuhla, ekhanga kokubili ukuba neshojo. Indlela yakhe yokubona i-sday, ehlanzekile kakhulu, eveza kakhulu, futhi enikeza izingalo ezingeni eziqotho. Enzisweni zakhe ezijulile; ugqoka kakhulu, esikhundleni esigcwele izihloko ezingamakhulu.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, uTakahashi wayesiphule uphahla lwengilazi, efakazela ukuthi abesifazane bangaqala ukuqopha izinhlu ze-astseller ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezindawo zobudoda. Impumelelo yakhe yezentengiselwano yavulela abalandeli besikhathi esinjenge-CLAMP neHiromu Akawa. Ubuchule bakhe bokudlala amahlaya kanye nokudabuka kwamehlo abuhlungu babeka itshe elibonisa ukuthi izimpawu zezindaba zakhe zobuntu nokuziphatha okuhle. Ubuciko bakhe bokulandisa ngonyaka kabanzi, abaningi babo abamukela ngokunelisa kakhulu izisusa ezithathelwanayo, kubonisa indlela eyiqiniso, ukuhlanganisa nezintatheli ezibhalwe kahle kakhulu. UTahihihihas akasona nje iphayona eliyingcweti kodwa njengendoda esazi kahle elandisa indaba yayo ekhuluma ngezindaba zayo eziveza ubulili obufana nobulili obunye. Ikhono lakhe lokwakha lezo mpawu ezifana nabantu abafana nabantu abakhulile, nezindlela ezihlala zikhona ngokulingana nezinsu.

Inhlangano YaseGekiga Nezinkolo Ezivuthiwe

Nakuba uTezuka egxile kuzo zonke izindaba ezixoxwayo, i-palette yamuva ngonyaka ka-1950 yafuna ukusunduza i-manga ukuba iphumele ebumnyameni, indawo engokoqobo. gega [izithombe ezishubile] [izithombe]) zalahla imizabalazo efana nezingane efana ne "manga" futhi zahloselwe ukuvuthwa kwezithombe zebhayisikobho. I-Yoshiro Tatsumi, inhlangano igcizelela ukuphila kwasemadolobheni okunelisayo, ukujula kwengqondo, nezihloko zabantu abadala. Laba badali ngokuvamile abazisakaza ngokwabo ngokwabo ngaphambi kokuba baqhephule omagazini abavamile, nomsebenzi wabo bathonyele ngokuqondile ukukhula kwemizwa kwemizwa (izimo zentsha). I-gekigagaga iveza ukuqhela kwesiko elivamile leze kakhulu ezindaweni ezingokwenculo, futhi baveza inteli yeze.

UHiroshi Hirata: Isazi - mlando Samaruai

Phakathi kwamaphayona e-gekiga, uHiroshi Hirata uphumele ukucwaninga kwakhe okungokomlando okucophelelayo noluhlaza, ubuciko bebrashi obususiwe. Izinkondlo zakhe zesamurai, njenge- Sathumaden [ ne-[FLT] [FLT:] no-[FLT] Cover] no - "nor Shiro[FLD] , benqaba ukuveza i-pargidiodi ethadidi evumelana nonya, ukuchaza okungokongokobuzweyo kwe-Bhobhini eJapane. [[5] I-Hirata'ston' emigray' emigceni nasebusweni yomthetho engokomthetho, eveza ukuthatha ulwazi olulula. Umsebenzi wakhe ubonise ukuthi ukuchaza i-microbon, futhi ukucwaninga okungokomlando ongokohluliwe kakhulu: [Fratence] [France, umqulu ofulv] futhi umqulu olungileyo wobuningi wobuqotho.]

IShigeru Mizuki: Abantu Nezidalwa Ezinamandla Angaphezu Kwamandla Emvelo

Esinye isibalo esikhulu esafiphaza umehluko phakathi kwe-manga ethandwayo nevuthiwe kwakuyi-Shigerau Mizuki. Izindaba zakhe ezidumile ze-yokai (indalo engokwemvelo), uMizuki wahlanganisa ubuciko bakhe bezenganekwane nezindaba ezinzulu zabantu. Gege Gee nothi Kitaro[FL:1] waguqula izilomo zesizwe zaba nemifanekiso ye-pop-mface, kuyilapho uMilayeni wakhe ubonise: Umlando waseJapane [[FLT:] uGeGeGe] uhide nodaba olungokomlando nomfanekiso opholileyo. Mizuki wadweba kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe siqu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, lapho alahlekelwa khona, lapho aphuma khona isandla sakhe esiwukwakhelele ngokunelisayo. Ucwaningo oluphambili lokuzindla kwasemaphandleni eJapanne.

Izimpawu zikaMizuki ezimbaxambili zobuzwe nezingcweti zamenza wakwazi ukuvala ifa lakhe lakudala nelamanje ngendlela engavamile. Izindaba zakhe zeyokai zazingezona ezesabekayo noma iphupho; zaziyizimoto zokuhlola ubuzwe baseJapane, amasiko asemaphandleni, kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwabantu nemvelo. IShigeru Mizuki Museum eSakaiminato igcina ifa lakhe futhi ibonise ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uhlobene kakhulu nomlando waseJapane. Ithonya lakhe lidlulela ngalé kwezifundo zemfundo zemfundo, lapho iqoqo lakhe lezindaba zezindaba zezindaba ze-yokai lihlolwa khona izazi. UMizuki wafakazela ukuthi iMangaki ungaba isakhiwo sokulondolozwa kwempucuko, ugcine amasiko ephilayo engaziwafafafa.

I - Katsuhiro Otomo: I - Cyberpunk Ne - cinematic Specia

Akukho ukucaciswa kwe-manga ye-20-century ye-Manga okuphelele ngaphandle kuka-Katsuhiro Otomo, [u- [u-Akira] wakhe i-Akira waguqula kokubili ukuqonda okungaqondakaliyo nokungaqondakali kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezindawo. Ukuhlelwa kusukela ngo1982 kuya ku 1990, Akira[FLT] [iyenziwa] yaveza i-Diontrio - Tokto - Tokyo eguqulelwe ngemininingwane ephansi. I-oto'sleethermo's eyinkimbinkimbi izizinda, imiklano eyinkimbinkimbi, nokuhlobisayo kwe-spowebhulathi kudlulisa imikhawulo yamandla esandla. Izihloko zezentebe yenkohlakalo yezombangazwe, i-apocaptic, nesexppoto prosyst, futhi zamazwe amaningi enzisiwe i-ezwe yiziningi yezwe eNtshona.

Ithonya le-Otomo lidlulela ngalé Akira; imisebenzi yakhe emifushane nemisebenzi eqhubekayo yangaphambili yasungula amagama abonisayo e-inthanethi alolonga yonke into ku- i-Ghost kuShell[ ekudlaleni umdlalo wevidiyo. Udwebo lwezimo zemidlalo olusheshayo nolwehlisa kancane, ukushukuma kwemiciko, ukulandisa kwezindaba okushubile kwabonisa ukuthi i-manga ingaba njenge-immer futhi iyinkimbinkimbi njenganoma isiphi isithombe. Isikali esiphezulu [[FLT:] [[FLT]] Aki: [FLT, [5] idolomess, eguqulwe ngababusi nangametri, ihlela imboni entsha. I-Ogengengen ayikwazanga ukuvuleka ngemiqondo eliphezulu lezeleleka. kodwa i-omspremith productive, i-odromess, i-octive, i-octived ye-oct

Izinqola Ezingalé Komfula Oyinhloko

Nakuba iTezuka, iToriyama, ne Takahashi ngokuvamile zibusa izimo ezidlulile, ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka laveza inqwaba yenye imishini eshiya uphawu olungenakucinywa kuyi-emorini. i-Fujiko F. Fujiko (igama lepeni elisetshenziswa abadwebi ababili ababambisanayo) ladala [[FRIT:] Doraemon[[[[Fholte:] [1], i-aptain ethambileyo eyaba umfanekiso wezempucuko e-Harbown. [3] Uchungechunge, oluveza ibhathi lerobhothi elivela esikhathini esizayo, izihloko ezihlolwayo zobungane, ukuphikelela, nokucatshaza kuyilapho izigidi zikhona. I-Matsutototo ungwele wodwa we-IFON, u-Ropticspea, u-Roce. [upthe [1][9] I-Foces.[9]

U-Gogo Nagai wandisa izinsalela zobudlova, zothando, kanye nochungechunge oludakiwe olunjengothi i-Dixman ne. UMazinger Z, enweba imingcele yalokho okwakwamukeleka kubantwana. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukusunduza iminyango ukuze avuleke izinto ezivuthwe kakhulu phakathi kwemboni. Ngamunye walezi zingcweti wanezela izingqimba ezintsha ekwazini ukuveza izimpawu ze-man's, efakazela ukuthi umchazi ungahlalisa noma yimiphi i-genre, umsindo, noma izilaleli. Ukuhlukahluka kwemidathangu engu-20 kuboniswa kanjani i-misebe futhi umbukiso wezinto ezisemfakelwayo. Ngalezozimboni wezincwadi zeSikhathi seSikhathi sezincwadi se-Gradime, umbiko wezincwadi ezinyathelisweyo yonke iminyuko, umbiko womlando, neminyuko, neminyuko, neminyulo ebanzi, neminyulo ebanzi, neminyulwayo yonke lemivu nezinvu

Ifa Eliphilayo

Abadwebi bekhulu lama-20 abazange bamane badala uchungechunge oluthandwayo; bakha ulimi olubonakalayo kanye nezokusebenza kwezebhizinisi okungachuma izizukulwane. Ukuzimisela kwabo ukuhlola ifomethi, izihloko, nezindlela zobuciko kwandisa inani labafundi kubantwana kuya kubantu abadala, kusukela emishinini yabesilisa ebumbene ukuya ezindaweni ezilinganayo. Imboni abadala i-— isekelwe ekuhlolweni kwemidwebo enkulu yesonto ngalinye e-althlons — ihlala iwumgogodla wokusakaza kwendoda kuze kube namuhla. Abadali banamuhla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenza emapulatifomuni ezibalo noma ezincwadi ezinyatheliswe, amahlombe alezi zilwane ezinkulu. Izimo, ubuciko, uhlobo lwezinde, nohlobo lwezigqi ze-Toka, u-Tohima, u-Tahima, u-Miki, u-Miki, abanye abafana nabanye emhlabeni wonke.

Njengoba ikhulu leminyaka liphela, i-manga yayishintshwe ngokuphelele imidlalo ehlekisayo yaba ubuciko obuqanjiwe emhlabeni wonke. Isisekelo esibekwe yilezingcweti ezinethonya sihlala siyitshe eliqinile elakhiwe kulo leli thuba. Amakhasi abo okuqala, alondolozwe eminyuziyamu futhi ahlolwe emaphepheni emfundo, ayaqhubeka ephefumulela abadwebi bamabhayisikobho kuphela, abaklami bemidlalo, nabakhangisi bemidlalo, nabadwebi bezinto zokudweba abasebenzayo abakwaziyo ukuzenzela nje umlando kodwa abasasebenza, inselele, futhi bayazi. Kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda abantu namuhla, la mashumi eminyaka adlulele e — uphawu lokuthi ubuciko obukhulu budlula inkathi yabo. Ikhulu lama-20 lamashumi amabili adlule anika izingcweti ezingosini eziphambili emhlabeni wonke. Imisebenzi yabo ayiwona nje abenzi bomlando kodwa ayasebenza, inselele, futhi abathanda.