Inkathi Ehlala Njalo YaseJeriko Nenganekwane Yesithembiso Esingenakufinyelelwa

Inkulumo ethi “Intengiselwano ye-Neverland” ivusa ukuphikisana: ipharadesi eliqinisekisiwe kodwa elingenakufinyelelwa njalo, indawo engcwele eyembula ukuthi ingeye-linth. Zimbalwa izimpawu zasendulo ezithatha lokhu kucindezeleka ngokuphelele kunoDonga lwaseJeriko. Iminyaka eyinkulungwane, izinqaba zomuzi ziye zaba isisekelo sokulangazelela ukulondeka kwabantu, ukuvunyelwa kwaphezulu, nezwe lako ekugcineni. Kodwa indaba yaseJeriko ayiyona nje indawo yokunqoba; iyindaba emayelana nezindonga, izithembiso esizithathayo, futhi izinkolelo - mbumbulu esizakha ukuze siqonde inzuzo engapheli. Lokhu kuhlola kungena ekujuleni okungokomlando, okungokweBhayibheli, nempucuko yeJeriko kuqonda ukuthi inqwaba yamatshe yakhanya kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sabantu, futhi asikaze nakazwa ngokugcwele.

Umlando WeJeriko: Umuzi Omdala Kakhulu Kunenkumbulo

Ukuze siqonde lezinganekwane, kumelwe siqale silwe nobudala beJeriko. Njengoba isogwini lwaseJordani enyakatho yoLwandle Olufile, le ndawo iqhelelene nedolobha elidala kakhulu emhlabeni elihlala abantu, enobufakazi bokulwa okuhlehlela emuva emuva e-Epipaleolithic engu-10 000 BCE. Intwasahlobo eseduze ye-Ain es es-Sultan yaguqula iJeriko laba indawo ephansi ewugwadule ewugwadule olunzima, idweba ababuthi abaqoqi bezindawo zokulima abashintshwa kancane kancane kancane ukuphila okuzinzile. I-Mueroe, iJeriko iyindawo yokuqala yocwaningo oludala olungokwendawo ezungezile: inqaba enkulu eyaziwa njengezakhiwo ezinkulu ezingama - 8000 B000.NT.N.N.

Umvubukuli wezesayensi yezinto zakudala uKathleen Kenyon wavubukula ngokucophelela ngawo-1950 udonga oluyinkimbinkimbi olusodongeni lwedonga lwedonga, imibhoshongo, nendawo yokuhlala. Izakhiwo ezidume kakhulu zalezi zinqaba, isakhiwo esihlobene nedolobha okukhulunywe ngalo Bhuku likaJoshua, sihlanganisa udonga olumbalwayo olunemikhawulo emibili nodonga oluphezulu oluphezulu (i-aseculo lalo oluqinile) oluqinisekisa idolobha lokukhuthazela okumangalisayo: ukudilinywa, ukushiywa, nokushiywa, nokuchithwa kweminerali okungapheli. Le mpikiswano incithane eqhubekayo [impikiswano ebizwa ngokuthi i-[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLD] [FLD] [1] futhi ivikele imbewu ehlala ikhona.

Ukulandisa KweBhayibheli: Amacilongo, Ukholo, Nokuwa Kwesithiyo

Ukulandisa okwahlanganisa iJeriko ne-Western kuvela ku- Incwadi kaJoshuwa, izahluko 5 no-6. Njengoba ama-Israyeli, ekhululiwe ebugqilini baseGibithe, emile emnyango weKhanani, iJeriko liwumuzi wokuqala omkhulu waseKhanani abheke kuwo. Amasango awo ahluthulelwe “ngenxa yama-Israyeli; akakho owaphumayo, akangenanga muntu.” Lokhu kulandela kuyindaba yempi enqaba ukuhluzeka okuvamile kwempi: izinsuku eziyisithupha, ukujikeleza kwebutho likaJoshuwa emzini kanye ngokuthula okuphelele, kuholwa abapristi bephethe umkhumbi wesivumelwano nowesibhakabhiki. Ngosuku lwesikhombisa, bazungeza izikhathi eziyisikhombisa.

Iphuzu lalokhu kulandisa alikho lobunjiniyela bokuklama kodwa ukubonakaliswa kwezenkolo. Ukuwa kodonga kubekwa ngokuphelele njengokungenela kwaphezulu − umvuzo wokulalela okungantengi, isibonakaliso sokuthi uNkulunkulu wakwa-Israyeli ulwela abantu bakhe, nenkambiso yokungena eZweni Lesithembiso. Izici eziyinhloko sikhombisa ezifanekisela ukuphelela, ukuma koMphongolo njengobukhona baphezulu, kanye nokubhujiswa okuphelele (uphahla) olunikezelwe kuNkulunkulu (hdrem) njengesithelo esiyinhloko sokunqoba. Nakuba kunjalo, isithembiso sihlala siyinkimbinkimbi: ukulandelwa ukunqoba, ukuvinjelwa okubangelwa ngu-Akan, ngokushesha okuqeda ukunqoba okuphelele. Izwe lesithembiso, alikaze liguquke neze lisebenze.

Ukwakha Izwe Elithenjisiwe: Lapho Izwe Lobisi Noju Liba Isithuthi

Igama elithi “Profiding Neverland” liyinguquko yamabomu yesithembiso seBhayibheli. Ku-Israyeli wasendulo, iKhanani yachazwa njengezwe ‘ eligeleza ubisi noju olugcwele."(indawo enkulu, ukuphumula, nomusa waphezulu. Kodwa umbhalo ongokomlando nowaphezulu ubonisa ukuthi lesi sithembiso sasilokhu sigcinwa. Ngisho nangemva kokulandisa kokunqoba, amaIsrayeli alwa nokungaphelele emsebenzini, izingxabano zangaphakathi, nokuphakama kombuso wamakhosi okwagcina kuphukile. “isithembiso” sasiboshelwe ekulaleleni okunemibandela, sisenza ukuba buthaka njalo. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, izwe ngokwalo, liqhuzuzwe, futhi ngesikhathi sokunqoba kwalahleka, futhi kulahleke umkhathi ongokomoya kakhulu kunobungako obuqinisekile.

Lendlela iyafana kuzo zonke izizukulwane: ipharadesi elithenjisiwe elake lathathwa, liveza izindonga ezintsha ukuba ziwe. Ngaleyondlela indaba yaseJeriko isebenza njengenganekwane yokugcina. Izindonga zimelela izithiyo ezihlukanisa abantu ephusheni labo, kodwa futhi icebo lokususa umngcele owodwa owenziwe ngengozi liyonikeza ukungena okungenangozi. IZwe Lesithembiso, njengezwe laJ.M., imicabango kaBarrie, iyindawo ekhona ngokuyinhloko ekulangazelelweni (indawo) ebonakala ihamba phambili. UDonga lwaseJeriko, khona - ke, alisona nje isivimbeli sasendulo sasendulo; liwuphawu lwesithiyo esiphelele esiphakathi kwesikhathi sethu samanje nekusasa esingasoze saziwa ngokuphelele.

Inganekwane: Izikhali Ezinamandla Zedolobha Elinqobile

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ukulandisa kweBhayibheli kuye kwahlotshiswa ngenganekwane evelele egcizelela ngokwengeziwe isimo senganekwane sedolobha. Isiko lorabi, elihlanganiswe kuyiTalmud neMidrash, linezela izingqimba zemininingwane: lezi zindonga kuthiwa zinkulu kangangokuba ugqinsi lwazo lwalufana nobude bazo (amometicism) okusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukugcizelela ukumangalisa. Ezinye izinganekwane zithi izinsuku eziyisithupha zokuhamba zabangela izindonga ukuba zicwile emhlabeni, kwaze kwaba ngosuku lwesikhombisa zinyamalale ngokuphelele. Amanye amasiko akhuluma ngonogada olunamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo: uRahabi, owesifazane waseKhanani owayefihla izinhloli, waba isilinganiso sokuhlengwa futhi waphila kumaKristu kamuva nakumaSulumane, indlu yakhe yalethwa ngokuyisimangaliso imbozwe ezigungwini zakhe ezizungeze umhlaba.

Isiko lamaSulumane, nakuba lingahlanganisa ukulandisa kokunqoba, ligcina iJeriko njengendawo enokubaluleka okungokwesiprofetho, ngezinye izikhathi liyihlanganisa neMusa (Mose) nendawo ebanzi yeJordan Valley. Imivubukulo yandisa izinganekwane ezithandwayo. Ekhulwini lama-20, uJohn Garstang umvubukuli waseBrithani waveza ukuqothulwa okukhulu okungangonyaka ka-1400 BCE, kubonakala sengathi kuqinisekisa indaba kaJoshuwa (a relastry) kamuva eyaphikiswa uKenyolian, owathi ukubhujiswa kwebanga i-1550 BCE, igebe eyabangela impikiswano eshubile phakathi kwezazi eziyisisekelo nezezezentengiselwano. Lo mdlali wesayensi wempi ngokwakhe waba ingxenye yenganekwane: udongalo oluye lwehlela “ngesikhathi sokunene seBhayibheli noma isisulu sesisulu sempi. Izindaba ezinjalo zivezwe ngezinhlangano zezezezentengo yeze yezentengiselwa eyaziwa kakhulu [Fogrome] njengeNhlangano yezentec.[1] [Fog.[1]

Umklamo Wenkumbulo: Izindonga Emasikweni Avamile Nasekuqondweni Kwenhlangano

UDonga lwaseJeriko kudala lwabalekela ukuvalwa kwemibhalo yemivubukulo ewubhuqu nezifundo zangeSonto lesikole. Umfanekiso walo uye wahlolwa njengesingathekiso sanoma yimuphi umgoqo obonakala ungenakunqotshwa − emomeal, ezenhlalo, noma wezombangazwe. Ezincwadini, uFranz Kafka uHwembu olufushane “Udonga Olukhulu lwaseChina” luhlola ubunzima obungokwengqondo bokwakhiwa kwezehlakalo olumangalisayo nesithembiso esiqinile sokuphelela, umzala owehlela eJeriko. Emculweni, i-Afrika-American [[FLT:] [[FLD]] [ush] Fit iMee iMpi yempi yaseJeriko[FLD [FLD]]]” yaguqula ukulandisa kweBhayibheli kube yingoma engokwesiko yenkululeko nokuzinzisayo, izingcingo nokuhamba kwayo okudumayo okuhlomayo.

Ibhayisikobho yanamuhla nayo, ibole umdwebo. Amafilimu kusukela kuma-inkcode angokweBhayibheli kuya ku-diaseasethis abonisa abaphikisi abazungeza izinqaba ezingangeni, abavuthela izimpondo zokuhlubuka, nokubuka ukuwohloka okubonakala kuhlala njalo ngesenzo sokholo. Ukuthandwa kwe-amime ne-manga izihloko ezifana [[FLD:0]] Isithembiso esingakakholisekiyo [[[[FLT]]] [[FLT]] [16]] [eziningi] [eziningi ngokuphawulekayo] ezibonisa ukuhlaselwa kwezindaba, futhi kuveza indlala yesiko lapho “indawo ehleli khona ithembisayo ithembisa ukukhohlakala intethene. Kuloluchungechunge, udonga olufihle imisebenzi yezenkeleleka isakhiwo sendlu enokuthula, kodwa injongo yayo iwukugcina abantwana phakathi kwezingavikelene. [Izigwebo i-Jeriko] Intebo ithembisa ukuvikela intengo, njengoba ingenakukhomba inte ezindaweni ezivuziwe, njengoba injalo, injalo injalo, ingeye izintentententente, iyaqhubeka ngenxa

Izincwadi Zemfundo Nezobuciko: Ukufundisa Ukumelela IJeriko

Kubafundisi, iJeriko ingosi yencwadi efundisayo ekhokhwayo. Indawo eyodwa yemivubukulo ingaqala izingxoxo emlandweni, ezifundweni ezingokwenkolo, izimiso, kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Abafundi bangabekelwa inselele yokucabanga ngokuhluzekile ngobuhlobo phakathi kwenganekwane nomlando: Ingabe ukulandisa kungaba okujulile kakhulu ngokwenkolo nokungokomlando? Yini ukuba khona kwezingqimba zokubhujiswa eziningi okusifundisa ukuchaza ubufakazi? Udonga luba yisifundo endleleni imiphakathi ekhumbula ngayo ukukhungatheka nokunqoba, nendlela lezozinkumbulo eziveza ngayo ukubukeka.

Lendaba ibuza ngomthetho wempi engcwele nomqondo ‘ wokukhetha” abantu abanelungelo lokuthola indawo. I-Hem-* ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwakho konke ukuphila eJeriko (iyisici esikhathaza kakhulu esiphoqelela abafundi banamuhla ukuba babhekane nobudlova phakathi kwesithembiso seZwe Lesithembiso. Lokhu kuvimbela lendaba ekubeni ibe yinganekwane elula engokokuziphatha. Kunalokho, ivula indawo yokuxoxa ngendlela imibono encomekayo engaba ngayo ukuthethelela impumelelo yempi, nokuthi “isivumelwano” seqembu elithile livame kanjani ukuba libe yinhlekelele kwezinye izingqimba zeZwe Lesithembiso. Ngokuhlola lezizingqimba, abafundi bafunda ukuthi izindaba ezinamandla kakhulu azizona ezinikeza izimpendulo ezilula, kodwa lezo ezinikeza ukuvumelana nokuvelela kwabantu.

Imibono Yangesikhathi Esizayo: Yiziphi Izindonga Esizizungezayo Namuhla?

Udonga lwaseJeriko alusona nje isigqebhezana sasendulo; luyisingathekiso esiphilayo sekhulu lama-21. Sisakha izindonga ezingabonakali phakathi kwezizwe, izindonga ezingokwengqondo ezizungeze imingcele yethu, nezindonga ezilawula ukungafani. I-Jeriko isikisela ukuthi lezi zinqaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinkulu kangakanani, azihlalanga phakade. Kodwa futhi ixwayisa ngokuthi isenzo sokuwisa udonga asiyikhiqizi ipharadesi. AmaIsrayeli angena eJeriko ukuze athole inselele entsha yezinselele; imfucumfucu yalo yalo yayifanekisela ubunkimbinkimbi obuhlala njalo bezwe elibizwa ngokuthi iZwe Lesithembiso.

Abashisekeli banamuhla baye basebenzisa indaba yaseJeriko ukuze bashukumisele ukumelana nobudlova, badwebe njengemijikelezo ezungeza izakhiwo ezingalungile kuze kube yilapho ziwohloka ngaphansi kokucindezela kokuziphatha. Ekukhuleni komuntu siqu, abantu bakhuluma ngesithiyo sangaphakathi sokwesaba noma usizi okumelwe kubhekane nokuphikelela kanye nokholo. Ukunxusa okuhlala njalo kubangelwa ukumemeza komphakathi okungenabudlova, isikhathi lapho udwendwe oluthulile luphela futhi luduma lubhidliza isimo. BBC's Engxoxweni Yethu yeSigabeni sethu ngenganekwane yeZwe Lesithembiso, indaba iyaqhubeka ngoba akusasebenzi ngokunqoba okukodwa, kodwa kusekhona ngesiphithiyo sonke isikhathi: ithemba, ukubhikisha, ukuwohloka, nokubuye kwakhiwe.

Udonga Olumayo, Isithembiso Esishintshayo

Ekugcineni, uDonga lwaseJeriko alubekezeli ukuwa kwalo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi indaba yalo yenqaba ukufakwa embonweni ngencazelo eyodwa. Kuyindida yemivubukulo, itshe letshe lendabuko, i-trope, nesithombe esibanzi somuntu siqu. “I-Promed Neverland” yesihloko ayilona ukulahlwa kwethemba okungaqiniseki, kodwa ukuvuma ukuthi izithembiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zingamabalazwe, hhayi izikhombiso. Izindonga zaseJeriko kungenzeka zadilinyaniswa ngokumemeza kanye, kodwa umuzi waphinde wavuka ngenganekwane, futhi ezingqondweni zabo bonke abaye bakholelwa ukuthi isithiyo singalethwa futhi izwe elisha.

Njengoba sihamba emazweni ethu esiwathembise wona, lendaba isikhumbuza ukuba singabuzi nje kuphela ukuthi yiziphi izindonga okudingeka sizichithe, kodwa nokuthi hlobo luni lwezwe olungaphezu kwazo. Isithembiso, asisona isipho esiqinisekile; siwubuhlobo okumelwe buvuselelwe kuzo zonke izizukulwane. Ngakho uDonga lwaseJeriko, alupheli. Luyisiqalo sesimo somuntu, simile ezindaweni ezisemqondweni nasengqondweni, siqinise ukuba sihambele phambili futhi siphakamise amazwi ethu, ngisho nalapho izwe elithenjisiwe lingakaze libonakale lingenakufinyelelwa phakade.