Yonke indaba iqala ngendlela ejwayelekile. Izindaba zithambekele emiklamweni ethile ngoba zinikeza induduzo nokucaca: uhambo lweqhawe, uthando, unxantathu, umeluleki ohlakaniphile, ukuma phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Lemiklamo, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-tropes, ayiyona embi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ilulaza oluhlanganyelwayo lwezindaba. Inselele kubabhali ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthembela kulemihlangano kungafinyela ukulandisa okuthile ukuze kubonakale. Ikhono lokuthatha lesosimo esinethezekile nokusigoba kuze kube yinto emangalisayo, emangazayo, eyenzekayo futhi ivele ekuqaleni. Uma kubulawa, ukuguqulwa okuncane kumane nje kushaqiqisa ukuda kolwazi olungokomzwelo futhi kumema abafundi ukuba babuze imibuzo yabo ngohlobo, u-Gene, futhi nencazelo.

Iyini Ngempela Ikhemisi?

I-trope iwumshini obonakala uhamba ngendaba, umdwebo, noma umhlangano onezincazelo ezingokwesiko. Ungaba uhlobo lophawu (intandane emiselwe ukuba ibe nkulu), isigqi sokushaya uzungu (i-montage), ubuhlobo obunamandla (izitha-eza kuthanda), noma ngisho isandla esifingqiwe esibonakalayo (ijubane elihambayo lisuka ekuqhumeni). I-Trops isebenza njengendlela yokuhlola ulwazi; ivumela izilaleli ukuba zingene ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwendaba. Igama ngokwalo laqala ngolimi olusaziwayo, lapho “intambo" yayisho ukusetshenziswa kolimi olungokomfanekiso noma okuyisingathekiso, kodwa incazelo yanamuhla ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukuze ihlanganise izitini zokwakha amabhayibhuleki, i-filimi, i-thelevishini, nemidlalo.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-trope ne-cliché. I-cliché iyi-trope eye yasetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu futhi ingabonakali kakhulu kangangokuba ilahlekelwa amandla ayo. I-troloypi ehlotshiswe kahle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingaqinisa indaba uma isanikeza igumbi ukuze ikwazi ukuyiqonda. Abalobi abaqonda amathambo e-genre yabo ekhethiwe banganquma ukuthi yimaphi amathambo aphulwe, akhiwe kabusha, noma aphume eqinile.

I - Psychology Okungemuva Kwe - Troup Ubufakazi

Kungani sijabulela ukubona izindlela ezijwayelekile zihlehliswa? Isimiso sokusebenza kwengqondo sisikisela ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu bucushwe ukuba bufune izindlela zokuqonda izwe. Uma indlela ikhona futhi iphazamiseka ngendlela enengqondo, ibangela ukunaka okukhulu futhi ithathe ukusabela okujulile ngokomzwelo. Lena isimiso “isibonelo siphazamisa.” Ekukhangiseni, umshini uphazamisa umthengi ohamba ngemoto; uma ulandisa, ungaveza injabulo, ukwesaba, noma isambulo.

Ikhono lokwakha lanelisa isifiso sokuthembisana ngengqondo. Izilaleli sezifunde kakhulu ekuxoxeni ngezindlela. Zilindele ukusontwa, ukuhlelwa kwemiklamo ekhuthaza ukukhomba isimilo, futhi zihlanganyele izinkolelo-lwazi ezise-inthanethi. Ukuguqula i-trope ejwayelekile ekhanda layo ukuze ithole imivuzo yokufunda. Ithi ezibukelini, “Ucabanga ukuthi wazi ukuthi lokhu kuyaphi, kodwa kuningi kunokwaziwa.” Lokho kwazisa ngobuhlakani bezilaleli kuthuthukisa ukuhlobana okujulile nomsebenzi.

Nokho, ukuhlanekezelwa okuthile kuzwakala kungenangqondo noma kungenangqondo ngomqondo wangaphakathi wendaba, kungasusa bona kanye abantu okwakuhloselwe ukuba babahlabe umxhwele.

Ukudweba Ibalazwe: Ukubona Ukuthi Yiziphi Intambo Ezingagudluzwa

Ngaphambi kokuba uphazamise i-trope, kumelwe uyibone ngokucacile. Qala ngokuhlaziya imihlangano ye-genre eyinhloko. Uma ubhala imfihlakalo, zibuze ukuthi izilaleli zilindeleni: umseshi ohlakaniphile kodwa okhathazekile, umseshi obomvu, umbuthano ongokomvuthwandaba lapho umkhohlisi edalulwa khona. Ephusheni, amathemba angahlanganisa iqhawe eliprofethiwe, inkosi emnyama, intelezi yomlingo, kanye nobudlelwane bangane bakho. Zihlelele. Yimuphi ozizwa ebaluleke kakhulu ekulandiseni kwakho okuhloselweyo?

Kungaba usizo ukucwaninga ama-trope repository anje ama-TROP , kodwa sebenzisa imithombo enjalo njengesiqalo, hhayi ipulani. Umgomo awukona ukugwema ama-trope ngokuphelele. Kunzima ukuwasebenzisa ngamabomu. Khetha i-tropes afuna ukuchitha, kunokuba uzame ukubhidliza yonke ingqungquthela, engaveza indaba ezwakala ingenayo futhi iphithizekile.

Izindlela Zokucwaninga Ezingadalula Intambo

1. Shintsha uhlobo lwechashaza elinophawu lwe - Archetype

Indlela yokuzithwalela iwukuthatha uhlobo lwe-stock futhi unike izici noma izisusa eziphikisana ngokuqondile nombono ovamile. Iqhawe, elingatholakali ngokomzwelo lingagcina ngasese umagazini wephupho futhi likhale eminyuziyamu yezobuciko. I-pingénue emsulwa ingaba yingcweti yokulawula amasheya. Umeluleki angase aphelelwe amandla ngokuyingozi, aphoqelele umbhishobhi ukuba aphumelele naphezu kweseluleko esinenhlekelele. Lokhu kuguqula kusebenza kangcono uma ukuphikisana kuzwakala kunomklamo womlando womuntu, hhayi i-scripline ewumbaxa. Nikani izimpande eziphikisanayo: kungani umbusi ohlakaniphile eyiqhawe? Yini eyenza leyo mibuzo ehlakaniphile ithandeke kakhulu? Ukuphendula leyomibuzo kujulise ubuciko.

2. Hlanzani Amaqabunga

Amajikijolo amaningi asebenza ngesilinganiso esikhulu: isiphetho sombuso, ukusinda kwesintu, impi yendawo yonke phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama. Nakuba lezi zigxobo zingaba ezivusa amadlingozi, zingaba futhi ezingabonakali. Ubuciko bungabangelwa ukuvulela izigxobo kokuthile okungabalulekile kakhulu. Kunokuba kuvinjelwe umcimbi wezwe oqhubekayo, umbhishobhi wefa lomkhaya ozama ukusindisa ifa lomkhaya elingaphathi mandla omlingo kodwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lomzwelo. Okanye, ungazalisa izigxobo ezicwe kakhulu ezivame ukuzizwa zingenamsebenzi: ukhetho lwesikole luba umzabalazo oweqiniso ngenxa yemiphumela yokungalungisi komthetho. Ukushintsha amabutho esilinganiso angakwazi ukuphinde asuse izinto futhi angene kakhulu.

3. Sebenzisa Ukuzikhohlisa Okungabekezeleleki

Umthathi-mshoshaphansi othembekile uyithuluzi elinamandla lokuphazamisa ukuqonda kwezilaleli izenzakalo. Lendlela ingahlukahluka kusuka ku-narrator oqamba amanga ngamabomu (njengesigebengu esiphotha inganekwane) kuya kulowo onemibono ephambuka ngokugula kwengqondo, ukushaqeka, noma ukungabi nalwazi. Ukuguqulwa kwenzeka lapho umfundi eqaphela indaba abeyithayo. Izibonelo zekilasi zingahlanganisi [[FLT: 0] Ukubulala kukaRoger Ackoyd[[[FLLT: 1]] Ukuzisola okubangelwa yi-Agatie noma ifilimu [[FLT:] [FLD]] i-Flubst ayiyona indaba engokoqobo. Ngoba i-tracter, i-narrrr ingaqala ukuveza isilinganiso esiqoshwe kamuva kuphela ukuthi iyaziwa yi-acrectorod noma i-octive.

4. Hlanganisa Izinhlangu Ngokungalindelekile

Ukuxuba i-Genre kuyicebo eliphikisayo ngoba kubekela izilaleli inselele ngamathemba aphathelene nephimbo nomphumela. Indaba ethusayo ethatha ngokungazelele izigqi ze-comedy yothando ingadida ngendlela engcono kakhulu, uma nje ingxube ikhona ngenhloso. Ifilimu Commentamout [i-Jordan Peele]] ngokugxumagn ngokuphazima kwendlela ukuchaza okungokwenhlalo, ukuvusa imizwelo, nokwesabisa umzimba, ukwenqaba ukugcwalwa nemithetho eyodwa ye-genre. Uma ukulandisa kuvela ku-eleging, i-trope ye-regen ingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nenye. Umshado okhanyayo ungahlaselwa ngokucabanga kwe-sbelukuluku, noma ukuvukwa kwe-bond, noma ukuvuzwa nge-phophophonsi.

5. Gwema Intambo Ngombono

Ubani olandisa ukuma kwendaba okudlula kuyo. Udwebo olunemibala egqamile lungazizwa lusha ngokuphelele uma lucwengisiswa emehlweni omdlali othile. Cabanga ngohambo lweqhawe elidumile elilandiswa ngokombono wesikhulu esibuka izenzakalo ezingapheli ezikhathalayo, ezizikhathazayo. Lokhu kuxegisa kungaveza ukungaqondi kwemihlangano ethile noma ukuyikhomba ngokungalindelekile. “isiprofetho esisodwa” siba ishwabethelela elinzima elibhubhisa ubuhlobo bezingane; i-monemonegery iba yisicelo esiphelelwa ithemba, esixutshiwe sokuqonda. Ukuzishintsha kombono kungashintsha izenzakalo, kodwa kuzenza zibe yi-transthis.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Ngemikhakha Eyinkimbinkimbi

Ukuhlola izincwadi eziye zaphumelela ekutholeni isisekelo sokuzihlukanisa kungakhanyisa amasu asebenzayo.

Shrek (2001)] yabhidliza indlela yeDisney-fiedity-tale ngokufaka i-ogre emelene nendima yeqhawe. Ifilimu ayizange imane nje ikhiphe “i-Profests”; yabuza yonke inkolelo yokuthi ukuphela kwe-statuctural kudinga ushintsho olungokomzimba. Ukukhetha kukaFiona ukuhlala echaza ngokujabula njalo ngemva kokwamukelwa kwegama kunokuvumelana. Impumelelo yebhayisikobho yabonisa ukuthi izilaleli zazilambele indaba ezizixoxelayo ezizihlekayo futhi zigubhabhidile imisuka yazo.

IGONE Girl nguGillian Flynnend “inkosikazi edla ingenwa yi-” evusa amadlingozi ngokwenza umfazi angabi isisulu esingasebenzi kodwa umklami oziphindiselayo. Ingxenye yokuqala yencwadi incike kakhulu ekubulaleni komyeni wakhe, ngaphambi kokuba ingokwambulelwa ephakathi kuthathe yonke into. Ukuguqulwa komthetho akuyona nje icebo elijijikijekile; kuchaza indlela imithombo yezindaba emisa ngayo izigijiva zempane, ubudoda, ubudoda, nomshado. Indaba ihlala iphazamisa kakhulu ngoba inqaba ukuba noma yimuphi umkhuba umkhuba uveza ukuthi usuka phezulu.

INkathi Yokugcina yeJedi (2017), kuyilapho ihlukanisa, imelela umzamo ohahelayo wokuchitha iziMpi zempi . IRian Johnson wathatha uhambo olulindelekile lweqhawe leRey ne-Luke Skyraker futhi wayiguqula yaba ukuzindla ngephutha, ifa, nengozi yokukhulekela kweqhawe. Imbula ukuthi abazali bakaRey bawunobodies ngokuqondile udwebo lwegazi olunamandla. Imidlalo ehlaziyilile. Noma umuntu angavumelani nokubulawa, ifilimu ibonisa ukuthi ngisho nefilimu eqoshwe kakhulu ingabe inseleleka izingxoxo ezintsha.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela [[FLT: 0] Warde Sargasso Sea kaJean Rhys, osebenza njenge-prequel nempendulo ku JAYEYRE[. Ngokufaka i-Bertham Mason] “isifazane esise-atletic" , zenza amakoloni ne-tropes zoqobo, kunike iphimbo eyisisetshenziswa esithule. Loluhlobo lokulandisa lubonisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezwe kungaba yithuluzi lenkambiso yezomdabu.

Lapho Ukuthwebula Umthwalo Kungalungile: Amaphutha Avamile

Ngakho konke ukuthatheka, ukuphambuka kungabuya inselele. Iphutha elivamile yi- “shlock engenayo into.” Umlobi uveza ukusontwa okuvusa amadlingozi kwe-"heck" i-hecker, isiprofetho sasiyikhambi kodwa sasingakhi ukusekela ukulandisa. Ukujijwa kuzwakala kungenangqondo, futhi izilaleli zinomuzwa wokuthi zixhaphakile kunokuba zihloniswe. I-Bro1 kumele i-Retrospective respectives ishone, noma ziyizin.

Olunye ugibe luwukuphazamisa i-trope izilaleli eziye zayijabulela. Imfihlakalo ejabulisayo evele ishintshe i-nilhile futhi ibulale ixhuzulane elithandekayo esenzweni sokuqala ingamangalisa, kodwa futhi iveza isivumelwano esingokomzwelo. Yazini izifiso zezilaleli zenu. I-Proplassion akumelwe idelele i-genre; kufanele kube yingxoxo ehlakaniphile ngayo. Ukungahloniphi okungcono kakhulu kungadumisa i-genre ngenkathi iqhubeka ikhuphuka imingcele yayo.

Iphutha elihlobene nalo lidida ukudida ukudideka okulula. Ukwenza wonke umeluleki obekezelayo ukuba abe nobubi ngasese, noma wonke uthando oluhle olunonya olungenakuchazwa, kuba indlela yakhe eqondakali kahle. Ukuguqukela kweqiniso kunezela ubunkimbinkimbi kunokumane nje uphenye i-spea. Ubuntu obuhlanganisa izici ezithile ze-trope ejwayelekile kuyilapho uphambuka ngempela abanye kuthakazelisa kakhulu kunokushintsha.

Ukuklama Isimiso Sakho Esivamile: Umsebenzi Owusizo

Uma ukulungele ukulandisa ngemidlalo emikhulu, indlela ehlelwe kahle ingasiza ekulondolozeni ukuzwana.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Khetha Intambo Yakho Yokukhomba

Khetha i-trope ephakathi komqondo wakho futhi ifakwe kakhulu olwazini lwezilaleli. Ingaba “iqhawe elihlakaniphile,” i-“sprodrowd,” ukuhlubuka kwe-dystop,” noma“indida yegumbi eliboshwe ngensika.” Don’ukhetha imininingwane yokulahla; khetha umsebe othwele umthwalo.

Isinyathelo 2: Yakha Izingxenye Zaso

Tshingisa i-trope ezingxenyeni zayo ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, “i-trope” ihlanganisa umuntu omdala, onokuhlangenwe nakho oqondisa umdlali osemusha, unikeza ukuhlakanipha, futhi ngokuvamile uyafa ukuze akhuthaze iqhawe elikhulayo. Buza: kungani umeluleki kumelwe abe mdala? Kungani kumelwe bafe? Uma umeluleki enguntanga, noma umntwana, noma othile ocasuka kakhulu kulowo oyisithaka?

Isinyathelo 3: Nquma Indlela Obonisa Ngayo Umthwalo

Uzofihla ubuntu, ushicilele izigxobo, ulungise umbono, uxubanise i-genres, noma usebenzise i-narrator engathembekile? Khetha indlela eyinhloko futhi mhlawumbe enye yezimo ezingafani. Bhala phansi amazwi acacile enhloso yakho yokuvukela, ngokwesibonelo: “Umbhuli we-protagoni ubonakala engumsindisi oprofethiwe, kodwa eqinisweni, isiprofetho siyikhombathakalo kwezombangazwe okusetshenziselwa ukulawula abantu, futhi uhambo lwangempela lwe-protagononist luwukususa leyo nganekwane.”

Isinyathelo 4: Hlakulela Imbewu Kusenesikhathi

Ukuze uzizwe ungenalutho, kumelwe ubeke isisekelo. Uma umngane womseshi ezokwambulwa njengecala leqiniso, udinga isikhashana ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho izenzo zomngane, ezibonwa ngokunye, zinengqondo. Lezimbewu akumelwe zibonakale, kodwa kufanele zitholakale okwesibili ofundwayo noma obukayo. Ukufunda iziyalezo ku- i-Writer’s Digest[[ noma ukutadisha i-scread olthis accutian athage.

Isinyathelo 5: Londoloza Iqiniso Elingokomzwelo

Ngisho noma usonta icebo nobuntu bakho, isisekelo semizwelo kumelwe sihlale siyiqiniso. Ukususa idolo lothando ngokubangela ukuba umbhangqwana uhlukane unomphela ekupheleni kungaba nesibindi, kodwa uma izingxenye ezingokomzwelo ziye zaholela ekukhuleni okuqotho ngaphandle komunye nomunye, kungaba okwanelisa kakhulu. Ukuzilahla okubi kakhulu yilabo abanikela ngobuqotho ngenxa yokuhlanekezelwa ngobuhlakani. Izilaleli kufanele zisazizwe okuthile //igrief, ukunqoba, ukwamukelwa okubabazayo, ukuthandeka okumnandi, /hhayi nje ukunconywa okungathandeki kokuhlakanipha kombhali.

Isinyathelo 6: Ukusabela Kwabafundi

Hlanganisa udwebo lwakho ne-beta oyaziyo le-genera. Babuze ukuthi bazizwa bedidekile, bekhohlisiwe, noma bejabulephi. I-Broots ihlale iyingxoxo nezilaleli ezicatshangelwayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokho okubonakala kusobala kumbhali kuyinto efiphele kumfundi. Lalela impendulo ngokushaya i-beta futhi uqonde. Umgomo ukumangaza, ungaphuthi umfundi ngokuphelele.

Ubuciko Bezwi Neziqu Zamehlo Ekulandiseni Ngezindaba Eziwumshoshaphansi

Ngaphandle kwamakhenikha, izwi nephimbo kufeza indima ebalulekile ekubonakaliseni ukuguqulwa. Izwi elihlekisayo lingamcubungula umfundi ukuthi akufanele athathe wonke amaphimbo angaphambili ngenani eliphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsindo oqotho, ungenza ukushendeza kwamuva kube nzima ngenxa yokuthi izilaleli azizange zizizwe zimthukuthezi umbhali. Cabangela ukusondela okungacaci. Ukusondela okuhlala kuphukile odongeni lwesine, njengase [[FLT:] , kuncike amafilimu okuvelayo, ancikekile ekuphendukeni okuphansi. Kodwa okungabonakali, cishe okungabonwayo kungabangela ukushenxanela ngokwengeziwe, njengoba kungoko kuvezwa incwadi enjenge Kazuo Ishburo [FFFF] [FFFF]] kuvulwed', lapho i-STFFFF: [ignst:] kuvezwa nge-ptoprig kuveza izwi elicacile, kodwa elicacile, eliyisi.

Isigqi se-simende, umfanekiso, kanye negama kungaqinisa noma kululaza. Isimo sothando esichazwe kuyi-clichéd, i-prose ingaba icebo lembukwane yamuva yezembulo ukuthi uthando lwaluyinqaba. Ukulandelana kwempi okufana nendlela efana nebhomu eligqibile yephupho ngaphambi kokuba linciphe, imisho ehlukene ingabonisa ukuwohloka kwemibono yobuqhawe.

Indima Yendawo Yesiko

Ama-tope awakho endaweni egcwele izinto zobuzwe; aphethe imithwalo yempucuko. Ukuthatheka okuphambili ngomzuzu owodwa wesiko kungase kufinyele noma ngisho kucasulwe kwenye. “i-tromsel ekucindezelekeni” i-trope, uma iphambukisiwe, ingaba amazwi alwela amalungelo abesifazane, kodwa uma iphathwa ngokulula, ingaphambuka ekuboneni izinto ezingekho. Ukuqonda umlando nencazelo ye-trope esebenzayo osebenza ngayo kuyingxenye yokubhala ngokusemthethweni. Ukufunda ukugxeka kwamasiko kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemiqondo, kungenza izimpawu zezenziwa ngemisebenzi encithakazanayo, njengoba kuboniswe ngalezo ezitholakala ku [[FLT:] [FLT] [FLD] [1] noma ezifundweni zezazi] kunikeza ukuqonda ukuthi i-tropepe enziwa kanjani futhi iguqukile. Ukuhluku kungasho ukucushwa kwemia amandla okusetshenziswa ngemicishini ekwayo, futhi kuveza ukulandisa kweze ukulandisa kwezentengo.

Ngalé Kwemigqa: Ukwakha Ukwakheka Kuyo Yonke Indawo

Ekugcineni, ukuguqulwa kuyindlela, hhayi injongo. Izindaba ezikhuthazelayo yilezo ezidlulela ngalé kokushintshana kwazo kokuhlakanipha, ezinikeza abantu esibakhathalelayo, ulimi olusishukumisayo, kanye nokuqonda okusaqhubeka. Sebenzisa ukuguquka njengesibuko ukuze uhlole okukuthakazelisa ngempela njengomlobi, qhawe, ukuhluleka kwenkumbulo, noma ukuxakeka kwentethelelo. Izindaba ezikhumbulekayo ezihlanekezelwe zizizwa ziwumdlalo wendaba weshess, futhi zifana nokuhlola okuqotho kwesimo somuntu, zisebenzisa imihlangano njengenhlansi.

Njengoba ubhala, khumbula iseluleko sabaxoxeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho: ungavumeli ukudideka kusibekele inhliziyo yendaba. Abafundi bayothethelela icebo eliqinisekile uma bethanda abalingiswa, kodwa abavamile ukuthethelela ukungabi nangqondo okungokomzwelo okugqoke ngendlela ewukuhlakanipha. Bathathe isimo esijwayelekile futhi bakwenze ube nomuzwa oqotho, bese ubasonta ngenjongo. Yilokho ubuciko bokuziguqula: bangaphuli isici ngenxa yomsindo, kodwa babuye bakwenze ukuba ukukhanya kuwele endleleni entsha neveza ngokucacile.