Ukungqubuzana kwezinkemba nobuciko obucashile bezombangazwe kwachaza esinye sezinkathi zesiyaluyalu nesagubha kakhulu emlandweni. Kukude nokuba iqoqo lezibalo zasendulo, SUN SUN SUN’S] "Ubuciko beMpi"[ isebenza njengezihlakani ezihlakaniphile lapho umlando ophawulekayo wamaBhumu, izazi zezindaba, nentshiseko efanayo, inkathi ephakathi kuka-220 no-800 AD ayiyona nje indaba yemiklamo eshwayo. Impi ephikiswayo imfucumfucu ezindaweni zentaba, izigebengu zeWei, Shu, noWu ngokuhluza izigcawu zezimfundiso zanamuhla, ukuhlanganisa inqubo yolwazi oluqinile, ukuqondisa nokulawula izikhali zempi, ukuhlanganisa nokulawula izikhali.

Ukuhlukaniswa KoMbuso

Ukuze umuntu abuze ngempela amasu asetshenziswa phakathi nalenkathi, kumelwe aqale aqonde ukuthi amandla abangela umncintiswano angakanani. Ukuwa kweHan Dynasty kwakungesona isenzakalo esingavamile kodwa kwakuwukubola okunzima, okubuhlungu okubangelwa abathenwa abonakele, indlala yezilwane, kanye nokubhubhisa kweYellow Turban Region. Njengoba igunya likahulumeni omkhulu laphela, ababusi besifunda nezikhulu zempi bashintsha besuka ezindaweni ezibureaucrat baba abaholi bezempi, ngamunye eqhutshwa yisibopho sokubuyisela ukuhleleka kwesimiso sombuso.

Ukulinganisela kwe-artarte okwathi ekugcineni kwaqiniswa kakhulu. Cao enyakatho kwayala imithombo eminingi nemisebenzi emikhulu, ukuthatha umbusi ukuba agunyaze ukubusa kwakhe ngaphansi kwebhanile le-Han. Liu Bei , ifuna i-pastline yomkhaya wenkosi, ithembele enhlabathini ephezulu yokuziphatha naselulekweni elihlakaniphile lombuso wempi ukuze ivikele izinyawo zakhe emazweni aseShu. Ngalesosikhathi, [[FLT] Quan[FLT] [FLD:5] [e] e-unin [eyi-imfalm] e-yondsray yoMfuleni i-Ygtze ne-unjini wemikhumbi esabekayoyongamele ukuvikela imikhumbi. Izindawo zazingamele imingcele yempi.

Ukonakalisa Izici Ezinhlanu Ezingashintshi

Esahlukweni sokuqala se "Ikhono leMpi," Sun Tzu iveza izici ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo `Ithonya leMelo, Izulu, uMhlaba, Umyalelo, nemfundiso'ekufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umkhankaso. Abaholi bamaBhulumente amathathu, kungaba ngokuthukela noma ngokuhlola okunzima, bahlola lezi zici ngokunembe okukhulu. Ukulwa kwakungabhekiselwe kubani nje kuphela owayenamasosha anamandla, kodwa ukuthi ubani owayengalawula isimo esingokoqobo nesengqondweni ukuze anciphise amandla esitha okulwa.

Umthetho Wokuziphatha Nomthetho Wezombangazwe

Sun Tzu uchaza uMthetho wokuziphatha njengowenza abantu bavumelane ngokuphelele nombusi wabo, ukuze bamlandele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakuphi ukuphila kwabo. Wonke umkhankaso kaLiu Bei wawuwukuqeqeshelwa ukuqinisa ingqondo. Wayeyikhomba njengo "Mnankulu ongakhathali" owayenemali eqinile kunanoma iyiphi inkemba. Ngokuzibeka njengombusi olungile ongumConfucius othembekile kuHan owile, wamisa ukulandela okwakubhekwa njengokungabhekwa njengokungadinwa kodwa njengesibopho esingcwele. Ngokuphikisanayo, uCao Cao Cao’s fis wasondela ngensimbi ewusizo. futhi ngokuvamile waphumelela ekugcineni amabutho akhe egcwele ukugobeka inkohliso eqinile ekwakheni umbusi. Impi yasezulwini yayilwa iNdoda ezindaweni eziphansi."

Ubuciko Bokukhohlisa Nemisebenzi Engokwengqondo

"Yonke impi isekelwe ekukhohliseni," Sun Tzu, isaga esaba inkolelo yomuntu siqu ye uZhuge Liang, iSleating Dragon neshanse yaseShu Han. Nakuba izikhali zaziyimali yojenene abaningi basenyakatho, uZhuge Liang ukuphazamiseka okungalawuleki. Inqubo yakhe iguqula ukuqonda kwethu inzuzo yobuqili. Lapho itshelwa ukuba ibe nekhono kodwa ibe ngaphezulu, akazange athathe inselele ngendlela elulazayo; wakha indida ekhona ngenxa yokuphikisa kwakhe. Ngokuveza ubuthakathaka ngaphandle kobuthakathaka, wanxela umbuso wokuzingela kakhulu izitha zakhe.

  • Iqhinga lezemfucumfucu: Lapho ibutho elikhulu likaSima Yii lisondela edolobheni elicishe libe elingenakuzivikela, uZhuge Liang wayala ukuba amasango avuleke kakhulu. Wahlala ezindongeni, eshaya iphini lakhe. Ngokuphula umthetho olindelekile wolwelo lokuvikela, wabonakalisa ukuqiniseka okuphelele. USima Yi, esaba ibutho elifihlekile futhi wahlulela uZhuge Liang engakwazi ukukhubazeka lelophutha elingenangqondo, wahlehla.
  • Iqhinga le-Straw Boat: Ukuphela kwemicibisholo, u-Zhuge Liang wasebenzisa izindlela zesimo sezulu kanye nomqondo womphathi wesitha. Wahamba ngemikhumbi egcwele amadoda otshani egcwele enkungwini eya enqabeni yemikhumbi yeWei. Isitha, esingakwazi ukubona nokuthumba, sakhulula umfula wemicibisholo ezinsikeni zotshani, ngokuphumelelayo wanika iShumu ngezinhlamvu ezazizidinga.

Indawo Yesigodlo Eningi

Ilanga leNzu lihlukanisa indawo ngenkani egcwele amabalazwe abadwebi benkathi abavame ukunganakwa: ukufinyelelwa, ukudlula, ukuncishana, ukugxuma, ukuphakama, nokuma ngebanga elikhulu. Ukulawula indawo kwakuwumehluko phakathi kwendlala nokuchuma. Ubuciko obungenakuqhathaniswa bendlela yokuhlola indawo kuhlala ikhona buhlala ingu [[FLD: 0] Bhithle of Red Cliffs[[[FLY:1] [208] AD]. I-AD. I-Cao Cao Cao yasenyakatho ye-acondosss meo ikakhulukazi yamanzi ehlangene kakhulu ukuze ivimbele ukukhubazeka kolwandle okungaboniwe. Imikhumbi emikhulu ehambayo ipheke kakhulu i-Gan incike, kodwa iwuyinqaba ngokungabonakali kokubulala kwayo. Imikhumbi ephumayo yamanzi, kodwa i-Gangle yajika imikhumbi ephumayo. I-An, i-ultrase iqanday yayizi ye-ue, idla i-uang.

Ukuhlasela Nempi Yokwaziswa

"Uma wazi isitha futhi wazi wena, akudingeki wesabe imiphumela yezimpi eziyikhulu." Lenkulumo ithathwa ngekhanda, kodwa ukumiswa kwayo enkathini yamaBhongo amathathu kwakunonya, kubiza, futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lempi ayilwiwanga kuphela amaqhawe ahlomile kodwa yibutho elingabonakali lempi, izinhloli, iziphequzeli, nezici ezimbili. Cao mhlawumbe yayingumklami wezikhali zempi ohleliwe kakhulu. Wahlanganisa incwadi edumile ethi "Amange’s New Book," ayizange nje isungule kodwa yakhandatha yabaphathi bempi. Ikhono lakhe lokuvimbela isitha nokufumbathisa izigelekeqe. [FLTylo] mhlawumbe izikhulu zempi zaziyibonelele ukuhlasela izitha nemfucucucucu.[Fomsting]

Nokho, i-Shu Kingdom yaguqula ukuhlakanipha kwaba uhlobo lwempi yokulandisa. Ngokusakaza amahlebezi okuthi uWeijenene uSima Yi wayeceba ukuvukela umkhaya wakwaCao, izinhloli zikaShu zakwazi ukuveza ihlazo elijulile phakathi kwenkantolo yaseWei. USima Yi waphucwa umthetho wakhe wesikhathi esithile, hhayi ngenkemba, kodwa ngokuqamba amahemuhemu. Lesi senzo sempi esingaqondile sokuhlasela icebo lesitha kanye nezibopho zakhe ngaphambi kokuhlasela amadolobha akhe. Ukufinyela kwempi ngehemu lokuphikisa iqiniso elingaphelelwa isikhathi: ukuphatha ulwazi kungaphazamisa ibutho ngaphandle kokukholisa isolisa iso nakahle nako nhlobo ohlangothini lomgebethi.

Imfundiso Yejubane Nenzuzo

USun Tzu wayenendele kakhulu ngenxa yempi ethatha isikhathi eside, edume ngokuthi, "Asikho isimo sezwe eliye lazuza empini ende. Lemfundiso yayiyindida engapheli kuma-Bongres amathathu. Izwe laseShuhu lazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuqeda ukumelana noWei ezindaweni eziyingozi zamaQisan. uZguge’s Northern Expedict [ wayeyimpi enzima, kodwa wayehluleka kaningi ngenxa yokunqotshwa kwempi kodwa ngenxa yokunqotshwa kwempi. Intaba yaguqula iqoqo lezinhlamvu zamanzi laba badla imfuyo, idinga ukudla, idla imali egcwele phambi kwempi. Imfuyo i-Sima, iqonda ukuthi yayingakuqondiswe i-Zuast. Imfutho yempi evimbela indlala, impondo ezindaweni zokulwa.

Ubuhlobo Nokwakheka Kokusinda

I-geometry engunxantathu yalenkathi yasho ukuthi ukusebenzelana kwezivumelwano kwakuyisikhali se-zero-sum. Isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi kuka-Wu no-Shu sasiyinkemba esiqondiswe ngqo emphinjeni kaWei, futhi ngokuphambene. Ukuhlelwa kwesivumelwano se-Shu-Wa, esibekwe eRed Cliffs, sasiwukuqaphela ukulahlwa kwembubhiso. Nokho, ukuwohloka kwalo budlelwane ngemva kokuhlasela kukaGuan Yu no-Shu kwakuwukulahla iSifundazwe sakwaJi ngokuqondiswe ngokuqondile ngasemphikweni we-Wei, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwesifundazwe kwalandelana kwalokho Sun Tuzu abiza ngokuthi "u ukulwa kwesitha somthane ngaphandle kokulwa nakulwa kwaso." Uwu ekwamukele ukuthi ukulawulwa kwesifunda isifundazwe sasezweni sase-Jing singu. Ngokusebenzisa i-Yuan kanye ne-Shuhver lapho ucingo ebona indlela engcono kakhulu yokuziswela i-Wu, uMeu eboshed ayese ephethe emfuleni emhlophe emhlophe ebhishini enci.

Ukunquma lokhu kwethembeka okushintshayo kwakudinga umbono ocacile we-Sun Tzu wesimiso se-"Fatal Terrain". Uma sibekwe endaweni engenathemba, izifundazwe zaseShu-U zalwa ngokuthukuthela. Kodwa lapho usongo olusheshayo lukaCao Cao Cao ludambile, umqondo wezivumelwano zokuxolisana wayala ukuba zijikele komunye nomunye ukuze zivimbele noma iliphi iqembu ekufinyeleleni ukubusa okuphelele. Lona umthetho okhona wesayensi yesayensi yezesayensi yezesayensi yemvelo esazisalokhu usebenza kakhulu ekuqondeni impi yanamuhla nezivumelwano zezentengiselwano zezizwe zonke.

Izindlela Zobuciko Zokuhola Nekhono Lokufundisa

Inkathi yoMbuso Ethathu inikeza izinhlobonhlobo ezishaqisayo zalokho okwenzeka lapho enye yalezinsika ziphahlazeka. Indaba ephakathi kwalaba baholi yadala indawo eyinkimbinkimbi lapho intuthuko yezindlela zokuxhumana, kunokuba ibe nobukhulu obuphelele, ngokuvamile yayihamba khona ngosuku.

  • ICao Cao: I-Caculidial Tyrant. Wayehlanganisa "indawo" ne "isizwe" kodwa ngokuvamile walahla "ubuntu" ukubulala kwakhe eSifundazweni sase-Xu kwakuyicebo elithusayo eliklanyelwe ukuqeda ukumelana nempi ngokushesha, nokho ekugcineni laqinisa ukunquma kwezitha zakhe. I-Sun Tzu ixwayisa ukuthi i-gaster enkosini engaqondi izindaba zezempi idala ibutho elino" lokungazethembisi." UCao Cao Cao Cao’ssssssss eqolone indima yakhe embayo njengenkosi neningi, iqeda ukuxabana kwempi yesizwe.
  • Liu Bei: Hero we-Humanist. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe u"ukwethembeka" no"ubuntu" kwamvumela ukuba alondoloze italenta elinjengo Zhao Yun noHuang Zhong ngaphandle kwendlandla yezwe eliminyene noma igolide. Ukundiza kwakhe eChangban, lapho enqaba khona ukushiya ababaleki abangabuthiyo nakuba ayenciphisa ibutho lakhe ukuba likhase, kwakuyinhlekelele yezempi nokunqoba kokuziphatha okwakuhlanganisa ubuqotho besizukulwane.
  • [[FLT: 0] USun Quan: I-Institution Master. wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi esemncane ngemva kokufa okuzumayo komfowabo, Sun Ce, Sun Quan wakwazi ubuciko bezithunywa. Wayazi ukuthi wayengeyena uchwepheshe wezolimo wezobuchwepheshe, ngakho wanika uZhou Yu, Lu Su, noLu Meng amandla. Waqaphela ukuthi ukuze alandele "isilwi," umholi ngezinye izikhathi kumelwe acindezele isithunzi somyalo nokuzimisela kolwazi olukhethekile lwezikhonzi.

Izifundo Ezivela EMbusweni WesiQhingi Sanamuhla

Ukulandisa kwamaBhulumente amathathu, okulondolozwe phakade eLuo Guanzhong’s " iRomance ye-Bowns Ethiyath" futhi kubhalwe ngokungaguquki "Izihlolo-zimpoqo ezintathu," kungaphezu kwezokuzilibazisa; incwadi yemfundo yokuziphatha kokuncintisana. "Izihlobo zempi" zinikeza inkolelo-mbono, kodwa iMibuso Emithathu inikeza imfucucu, impane, futhi imiphumela engalindelekile. Isihluthulelo sokuthatha abaholi bebhizinisi nama-Propears inguat inkolelo yokuzimela. Isiqalo esincane (Shu) singabekela insela enkulu (Weat) ngokuguqula isakhiwo sayo, kodwa ngokuguqula isilinganiso sesivinini sokuncintisana kwe-(inting) noma ukuncintisana kwesivinini, ukusukela ekuncipheniselana.

Esinye isifundo esihlala njalo yingozi yogibe olungapheli [isicelo se-FLT:1]. I-Zhuge Liang's yamuva eNyakatho Expedition iyisixwayiso. Ingabe ukuhlasela okuqhubekayo eWei kumelela ubuchule bomsindo, noma ukukhomba okuqhubekayo komphathi omkhulu owayengenakukwazi ukubhekana nesicelo sombusi ofayo sokubuyisela iHan? Lomfanekiso ofanayo uyenzeka ezimakethekiswini namuhla lapho izinhlangano ziqhubeka zikhokha izikhalazo zesibopho sefa kunokuba zinqobe i-Sima sohlobo oluqinile. Ukunqoba kokugcina kwe-Sima . U-Shuegnowh kumele amandla eWei futhi alindele i-Shuu proce ukukhomba kwayo engeziwe ngenxa yokuzinyelela izikhali. [kulezi zihloko ezisezingeni ezisezingeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu]

Ngalé Kwenkundla Yempi: ISiko LePoptic Nokubuya Kwaphakade

Ukuzivumelanisa okungokomthetho kwalenkathi kuyaqhubeka kwenanela ngoba inhliziyo yomuntu, isifiso, nokwesaba kuhlala kungenashintsha kakhulu. Ifa elihlala njalo liyabonakala ekushintsheni kwemidlalo yamavidiyo okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba badlale izingqinamba zohlanga lwamakhosi aphumile. Impi engokomlando ivame ukuhlola imikhankaso yamaqhinga angokomkhosi wemikhumbi yeYangtze njengemiklamo yakuqala yokuhlola izibalo zanamuhla zamandla asemhlabeni nasemhlabeni. Ukuze baqhubeke behlola lezizibopho, izazi zesayensi zivame ukuhlola izincazelo ezicacile zezindlela ezitholakala ezindaweni ezinjenge . [FLT:]]

Ekugcineni, ukuhlola kwale nkathi ngelens yeSun Tzu kwembula iqiniso elinonya: akukho "nhlamvu" yenhlamvu. Ukulinganisela phakathi kwamandla kaWei, ukulunga kukaShu, noWo’sology kubonisa ukuthi icebo liyinzuzo yesikhashana. I-Cao Cao Cao ingashisa okusanhlamvu, iZhuge Liang ingabikezela inkungu, futhi i Sun Quan ayinakuvala umfula, kodwa akukho muntu ophoqa umoya ukuba uvuthele umoya ukuze uvuthe umoya ngokulunga phakade. Ngakho, "Impi" eMbusweni wezwe ingeyincwadi yokunqoba okuhlala njalo, kodwa umthetho wokusongela okuqhubekayo okuqinisekile ukuthi le zindlela zasendulo azisoze zilahlekelwe usongo lwazo.