anime-in-global-contexts
Izinselele Ezivelele Kwabathandi Be - Anime ENdiya NaseAfrika: Ukuthutha I - censitor, Ukuthola Izincwadi, Nezithiyo Zomphakathi
Table of Contents
I - anime Fandom E - India NaseAfrika Ibukeka Ngokuyingqayizivele
Intshiseko ye-anime e-Indiya ne-Afrika ayiyona nje indlela yokuzilibazisa kuphela, iyindlela yokuxoxa ngezindaba zembulunga yonke ezithinta intsha yendawo. Nokho, amaphini abhekana nezithiyo ezithikameza abangane bawo eJapane, e-United States, noma eYurophu. kuvela kuhulumeni owenziwe ukuba uhlole izifunda-zinkonzo ezisemthethweni, indlela yokujabulela i-ammee transport ihlanganisa ukunyakaza i-milline yempucuko, i-oral, i-alctive, ne-techology. Lezi zici ezici zimfafaniswa ngendlela eyodwa, zihlangane, futhi zigujwe kulemiphakathi. Lezizindawo, kanye nezinhlalo zazo ezinkulu nenani elikhulayo, zimelela umngcele ongancishisiwe wemboni. Nokho, imingcele engoko yezentengiselwa, intengo yezomnotho, intebe, inte eqinile, futhi inte engoko yezente, futhi inte ephakathi.
Okuhlangenwe nakho akukona ukumelana nomthetho wobukhoma. ENdiya, ukucindezela phakathi kokutholwa ngokushesha kwezimiso zobuchwepheshe nezimiso zezezindaba ezibambelele kakhulu kwenza isisekelo esintengantengayo. Ngaphesheya kwe-Afrika, amazwe ahlukahlukene njengeNigeria, iKenya, ne-South Africa alwa nezindawo zesisekelo kodwa alwa nemithetho yokuhlola izakhiwo zamakoloni. Nokho, ngaphansi kwalezi zinselele kukhona isisekelo esinamandla, esinamasu anamandla obuchwepheshe nokwazi ukwakha ukuxhumana. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlangene kuyisihluthulelo sokwazisa ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi ukumelana ne-ainderom demom kanye nesidingo sokulungisa.
Ukugcinwa Kwesango Elivamile Nokugcinwa Kwalo
Isimiso sokulawula eNdiya nase-Afrika ngokuvamile sibangelwa isifiso sokuvikela ukuziphatha komphakathi, kodwa ukufezeka kwaso kungakhungathekisa abalandeli abangenwayo. Ohulumeni nezinhlangano zamasiko banamandla amakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi ikuphi okwamukelekayo. Lengxenye ihlola izingqimba zokulawula ezithinta ukutholakala kwemisebe, kusukela ezimisweni ezingokomthetho kuya emathonyeni enkolo, nendlela ezihlanekezela ngayo ukusetshenziswa kokudala.
Imithetho Kahulumeni Nokuneliswa
ENdiya, i-Central Board of Filem Classing (CFC) igunyaza ukuba konke okuqukethwe ngocingo kunamathele eziqondisweni eziqinile. Izigcawu ze-Anime ezibonisa ubudlova obungathi sína, izihloko ezisikiselayo, noma ukungavumelani kwezombangazwe zivame ukuhlelwa noma ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-2020 codediadic eNdiya enqatshelwe "ukuhlukanisa noma okubizayo," okuholela ekunqumeni [i-FLT:0] ukuhlelwa [izinto ezibonisa] i-Dalemon Slayer[[ [indlela] ilwisana nezigcawu ezishintshayo [[indlela], i-Filim, i-Film, ne-bumbumbumbu yomphakathi, ingayiveza imingcele yenkathi yokubuka, iziteshi ezibonelelwayo.[4] Ezingeni ezisefweni ezihlukene, lapho ihluleka khona ukuphenyanisa i-Fil.[ev]
Amapulani angokomthetho ayahlukahluka kakhulu. I-National Filim ne-Vidiyo Censers Board (NFVCB) ihlola okuqukethwe imizwa emelene nohulumeni noma izikhombo zobulili, kuholela ekuvinjelweni okusobala kochungechunge olunjengo Isaziso sokufa [ kwezinye izikhangiso zokusakaza. Lokhu kusunduza-pull phakathi kwemithetho nenkululeko yobuciko kwakha isimo esingaguquki sokungaqiniseki kubalandeli nabaxoxisi. I-fristrice iyaguquguquka, ngezinye izikhathi izindawo zasemaphandleni zincike kwezinye izindinganiso zomphakathi ezincikeneko zokungasoleki.
Izici Ezingokwenkolo Nezokuziphatha
Imfundiso yenkolo ithonya kakhulu izinguquko ezikhethwayo kuzo zombili izifunda. ENdiya, kuvela izingxabano lapho ama-ayini ehlanganisa imifanekiso yamaHindu noma izinganekwane ngezindlela ezingekho ngokwezimiso, njengoba kuboniswa ngenye yezihloko ezithi Fate/Fihla ebusuku[. Amaqembu amaHindu esizwe athathe izinguquko ngenxa yokususwa okugcwele, ukukhohlakala. Kuyi-Islamfansim aseAfrika anjenge-Egypt noma Sudan, izihloko ezithiwayo noma ukuhlambalaza okucatshangelwayo kungase kuvinjelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge olubonisa onkulunkulu noma imiqondo yangemva kokuphela kwezwe lungabangela izimpikiswano, nabefundisi bendawo bayiboshela ngokumelene nazo. nakuba ingekho mvume yokuzinzile, nakuba i-octivensten.[Fogn][5]
Umphumela Wokubonakaliswa Kwendalo
Ukuhlolwa kwemishini kuvimbela ukuvela kwemboni engokobumbo kodwa futhi nobuciko bendawo. ENdiya, abakhi abazimisele ukuveza ulwazi nabalobi abaqanjiwe kulezindawo ngokuvamile bagwema izihloko ezivuthiwe noma eziphikisanayo ukuze bagweme izihloko ezingase zivele. Lokhu kuhlola kuvimbela ukujula kokukhiqizwa kwe-pesenti futhi kuvimbela ukuvela kwemboni ephefumlelwe ngempela yendawo. ENdiya, abanye abadali baye baphendukela ekuboneni noma ekubhaleni izihloko ezimqoka, kuyilapho e-Afrika, abachazi bencikile ekuhloleni izinto eziyimfihlo ukuze bathinte izihloko eziyimfihlo. Ngokuvamile amaFan aphendukela emipayini engaphansi komhlaba ukuze bangene izinguqulo ezingakhomba izingozi ezingokomthetho nezingathembekile. Umjikelezo wemingcele yokuzinzisa nokuzimela: ukuthuthukisa imingcele yendalo ngesikhathi semiphakathi kwempucuko. Imfundo ingasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana ngezindlela zokuxhumana kweze-midiyamu ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa futhi njengethuluzi lokuxhumana.
Igebe Lokufinyelela: Ukugeleza, Ukuphehla Igebe, Nobuchwepheshe
Ukufinyelela ku-amime kuyinkundla yempi yezibalo. Ngisho noma ukucusumbula kungelona isici, izinto ezihambisanayo ezisendabeni ziletha ukukhungatheka eNdiya nase-Afrika. Lengxenye iphula izihloko eziyinhloko zokufinyelela, kusukela ku-platifomu kuya kumoshala wezezisekelo, okuchaza isimo sansuku zonke se-cilom.
Ukugeleza Okungokomthetho: Ukuma Okulinganiselwe
Amapulatifomu embulunga yonke njenge Netflix, i-Amazon Prime Video, ne-Crunechroll asebenza kulezindawo, kodwa izivumelwano zabo ze-aine zivame ukuba yizinciphiso ezimbalwa. Izivumelwano zezindawo zokwakha zamazwe aseNtshonalanga namaJapani zinezimakethe eziphambili, ishiya abalandeli bamaNdiya nama-Afrika benezikhungo zezincwadi ezingaphelele noma eziphelelwe isikhathi. [[FLT:] 2023] umbiko we-Media Martenners Asia uqokomisa ukuthi i-a e-ain ekhuphonsie ekhutshwayo entsha ikhutshwe ngamaphepha ama-asensi. Izindlela zokukhokha izakhiwo zamaNdiya ziveza enye isithiyo; amapulati amaningi adinga amakhadi okuthenga ngaphandle kwemvume, akhona ngaphandle kokungena kwemali. Izimiso zendawo zokukhokha izakhiwo ezifana nezokuhlanganisa i-indexpressy. Ngokwebika i-20-itiki ye-eachtives, ama-easensitive, ama-ensi, ama-ense
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokukhokhela izikhokhelo ziyavimbela abaningi. Isikhokhelo seCruncollle sanyanga zonke singabiza ama-rupees aseNdiya angu-799, okuyizindleko ezinkulu ezihlobene neholo elivamile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kwezomnotho kuqhubela abalandeli ekuhoxeni, izitembu ezilondolozweyo ezivame ukukhipha izenzakalo zamuva, noma okubi nakakhulu, ekuthatheni iholo eliphansi. ENigeria, lapho iholo lingabalelwa kuma-naira angu-30 000, ukuchitha kwezokuzijabulisa kuyinkomjama, ngakho i-ayimine iyindawo yokubuka egcwele abantu ezimishininitshelekileyo.
Impahla Nezinsika Eziwubuciko
Imboni eyinkimbinkimbi yokulungisa i-intamime ithinta ukutholakala kwe-web esendaweni. Abaqondisi baseJapane bavame ukunqwabelana ngamalungelo, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme ezivimbela ukudilizwa kwabantu bendawo. E-Afrika, ukungabikho kwezindawo ezivamile zokusakaza i-ainethisho ukuncishiswa okusho ukuncika ngokuphelele kumapulatifomu asemhlabeni wonke. [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [ige] leligele alidala ithena imboni echumayo ngenxa yokugeleza okungekho emthethweni, okufinyelelwa yizisebenzi ezingaphezu kwezingu 70% zabathengi abakhona emazweni afana neKenya, ngokwezingango-20222. [inani elibonisa ukuncintiswa kwe-Gepoll.[FLT:] [ig.] Imboni yezentengomhlaba enkulu eshiya izimboni ezinkulu zezentengo yezentengo yeze.
Izinqubo Ze - Internet Nezimo Ezihambayo
I-Internet ephezulu iwubukhazikhazi ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Indiya ne-Afrika. I-Internet World Statits 2023] imniningo ibonisa ukuthi e-Afrika, isilinganiso sejubane elibanzi singaphansi kwe-10 Mbps, ukwenza i-HD noma 4K animediting arrowing. I-D, nakuba ivame kakhulu, intengo encithaneyo, ibiza futhi inciphisa ividiyo. E-Indiya, i-4Genethiss iyaguquguquka, iphoqa ugqoloza itshelo ukuba ithembele emfuleni ephansi noma edansiweni. Ngaphezu kwe-80% yezindleko zokubuka kulezindawo zihlelwa ngama-makhale, kodwa izinhlelo eziningi eziphumayo azikhonziwa kakhulu, ziholele ezigcineni ezingeni eliphansi, futhi zihoxake kakhulu. Izindleko eziphambili ze-misebe eliphuma njalo, izindleko eziphuma njalo, noma izindleko zemishini eziphuma njalo.
Imiphakathi Ehlukahlukene Emakethe Ehlukahlukene
Naphezu kwezithiyo, imiphakathi yezinambuzane eNdiya nase-Afrika iye yachuma ngobuhlakani. Lengxenye ihlola indlela abalandeli abakha ngayo izingosi futhi babangele ukwaneliswa kwendawo ezungezile enezinto ezishiywe yi-inthanethi, kusukela ezikhungweni ze-intanethi kuya ekutholeni imishini yokusungula izinto ngaphandle kolayini.
Amandla E - Internet
Izinhlelo zezezokuxhumana nezokuthumelelana imiyalezo njenge-Aysapp, Disnord, ne-Reddit seziyizindawo ezibalulekile. ENdiya, amaqembu eFacebook anikezelwe ku-aine ayizingxenye ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili, akhuthaza izingxoxo nemibono evusa inkanuko. Kubalandeli base-Afrika, i-Tucktter ne-Tik Tok basebenza njengamapulatifomu okuthuthukisa inkathi ye-aimare, ngokuvamile ukusebenzisa ama-hashtags ukudlula izithiyo zolimi. Le zindawo ze-intanethi zikhokha izikhala ngenxa yokuntula ama-aramu asendaweni, zinikeza umuzwa wobuniwazo obalulekile ekusekeleni i-diloms. Nokho, isho ukuthi ukuxhumana kuhlanganisa kuphela, kuholela ekuhlukaniseni ngisho naphakathi kwemiphakathi kwemiphakathi.
Imibuthano Nemihlangano Yangaphandle
Izenzakalo ezingokomzimba, nakuba zingavamile, ziyakhula. Izenzakalo ezifana ne- Comic Conndian ngezinye izikhathi ziveza ukuhlolwa kwe-ayinime, ziheha izinkulungwane zezivakashi. E-Afrika, i-ICOCON Comics kanye ne-Gradition ye-Intats jome, nakuba imibuthano emincane eLagos noma eNairobi ithembele e-mouth. Lezi zenzakalo zinikeza iqokopo yezokukhangisa, ukuthengisa, kanye nezingosi zokuxhumana, kodwa izindleko zohambo nokwehlahlolelwa phambili kwezokuphepha, zisundu ngokuqhathaniswa nokwehlela izingozi zezokuhamba, zisunduza izakhi ezihambisana nezenzakalo ezingokomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, i-post-panetic, izinhlobonhlobo zezesayensi ezixubile, kodwa ezikhona ngaphansi kwe-cccccc.
Ikhono Lokusungula Izinto Ezingokwemvelo Njengethonya Elishukumisayo
Lapho okuqukethwe kungena ngokomthetho, abalandeli bathatha inyathelo. Amaqembu abahumushi akha amagama abhalwe ngesiHindi, isiSwahili, noma isiAmharic, enza ukuba i-ayini itholakale ku-opension ixhunyiwe, ngokuvamile yenzelwe ukukhulula, isekela isithakazelo ezintwini ebezingahlala zingaqondakali. E-South Africa, i-frine divolution eveziveziwe nezinombolo ezifana [[FLT: 0]] Afrika [[[FLT: 1] ithole i-trakitition, nakuba lemali ihlala ingenasicici. Ubuciko obubonakalayo nobe nendawo ezungezile buphinde bufake i-amome emosfeculture, njenge-partss, i-FFLT2] i-scerount.[FFTY]
Ithonya Lezenhlalo Nezezomnotho Nezemfundo
Le ngxenye ihlaziya izici ezibanzi zomphakathi ezisemdlalweni, kuhlanganise nokuhluka kwemali, izinhlelo zesikole nezinhlangano zentsha ezihlangene nempucuko ewuwangala.
Izindleko Zokuba Iqanda
Ukwehla kwemali kuyisithiyo esingapheli. Ukuthengwa kwemithetho, njengezithombe noma isambatho, kuvame ukuthengwa futhi kushintshwa kungafinyeleleki. I-naruto oxie ingabiza 5000 000 ulwembu, okulingana nomholo wesonto kwabaningi. E-Afrika, lapho iholo elilahlwayo liphansi khona, i-Plugstion ikhetha izinto ezenziwe ekhaya noma eziboshiwe. [ukuncishiswa kwezomnotho] kuqinisa ukuthembela emahlombeni, ngokuvamile okufinyezwayo, okunezelwe, nokulinganiselwe kwezekwe ngokwezomnotho ezingokomthetho. I-Prompliding ngenxa yezemisebenzi yendawo, kanti ikhetha kakhulu izilinganiso eziphansi. [intengiselwano yemali engcono, kodwa intula ukulawulwa nokulawulwa kwezimiso ezingokomthetho, ngokuvamile, incikelele inqubo ehambisana nenqubo engokomthetho.
Imfundo Nokufunda
Isikole sesikole se-Indiya ne-Afrika akuvamile ukuhlola i-apime njengendlela yobuciko noma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izinhlelo zezokuxhumana zigxila e-Hollywood noma eBollywood, zibheke ithonya lezehlo lembulunga yonke eJapane. Leligebe lemfundo lisho ukuthi ukuhlaziya izihloko ze-amime kushiyelwa kuyi-international forums. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, amakilasi obuciko angase athinte amasu ezindlela zokulinganisa i-micimbics, kodwa ama-UNUNC [FLT:] aqala ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwezemfundo, kodwa andisa izinhlelo zezemfundo, kodwa izinhlelo zemfundo ezingokwesayensi ezingase-imease zingathuthukisa ukuqandabhliswa nokwazisa. Izinhlangano ihlazobuliso elivamile ngokwezincukusetshenziswa yi-ocense, futhi incice yabazali abaningi, njengoba kuqaliwe kakhulu emehlweni aqapheleka kakhulu.[FLC.]
Izinhlangano Zentsha Nokushintsha Kwempucuko
I-Animicom exhumanisa i-internetic nezinhlangano zezenhlalo ezixhunyiwe zentsha. ENdiya, abafundi basebenzisa i-amine i-ography ngo-2020 ukuze babonise ukungavumelani, babonise indima yabo njengolimi olubonakalayo. Ngokufanayo basebenzisa izikhombo ze-antimeticism, kusukela ekushintsheni isimo sezulu sibe ukulingana kwezingane. [ukuxubana okuguqula ukuzijabulisa kube yithuluzi lokwakheka nokumelana. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi abagcini bamasango beze babheke lokhu njengokuhlasela kwempucuko yaseNtshonalanga, kuholela ekutheni inguquko. [i-dynam] yalezi zinhlangano zisikisela ukuthi njengoba intsha ikhula, i-Afrika ihlanganisa nomphakathi omncane, ngeminyaka engu-19-1959 ye-Anim, iyozuza inzuzo kuphela yeqoqo lezincwadi ezisendabungane.
Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuvala Amagebe
Ukusingatha izinselele zabalandeli be-ayimime eNdiya nase-Afrika kudinga umzamo omkhulu. Amapulatifomu angena e-EU angandisa izimpawu ezikhokhiwe futhi afake imali ekhokhwayo ekufuneni ukukhokha, kunciphe ukukhanga kwemithombo ephefumlelwe. Njengoba i-internegamention ingasungula izimiso ezicaciswe ngokulinganayo nesivikelo nenkululeko yokudala izinto, mhlawumbe ngesilinganiso esigcwele njengalawo ase-EU. Izinhlangano zemfundo zingafaka ukuhlelwa kwe-asekufundeni ezingenisweni ze-injini, zifaka ukuqonda okujule kakhulu kwemiphakathi kwembulunga yonke. Njengoba i-interlinearbiodiation iqala ukufinyelela i-60% e-2025% nge-2025, futhi isakaza iso, kunezimo zethemba elihlakaniphile. I-Grasroot iyaqhubeka izinhlangano zezokuguqula izicelo ze-inthaneti ngokumelene ne-injini yokuhlola imithombo yembulunga yonke, njengoba kuvuma kulezizindawo zezindawo zembulunga zembulunga zembulunga yonke.[FFFoctal.]