Inkathi yeMibuso emithathu, isiqephu esichaza umlando waseChina esihlanganisa u-184 kuya ku-800 AD, sabona ukuwa kohlanga lwamakhosi lukaHan olwake lwakhazimula nokwanda kwemibuso emithathu esabekayo: iWei, iShu, ne-Wu. Lenkathi yempi engenazimpi, iqala, imishado, namaqhawe adumile aveza uchungechunge lwezimpi ezinkulu ezingalungiseki nje kuphela ezingokopolitiki zaseChina lasendulo kodwa futhi yashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka empucukweni yalo, ezincwadini, nasemqondweni wezempi. Kusukela emanzini avuthayo eRed Cliffs kuya emathafeni aphambili eGuandu, lezimpi ezibonisa izifundo ezingaphelelwa isikhathi ezikhona eholweni, ubuciko, nezindleko zabantu. Lesi sihloko sihlola izibalo ezichaza ingxabano eHwesithathu, izibalo, nezikhulu ezihlala njalo.

Imbewu YaseChaos: Ukuncipha KweHan Nokuvela Kwezikhulu Zempi

Ukuze umuntu aqonde izimpi zamaBhongo amathathu, kumelwe aqale aqonde ukubola kohlanga lwamakhosi lwaseMpumalanga Han. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili AD, inkantolo yombuso yabhujiswa yi-corionalism, inkohlakalo, kanye nokugcwala komhlaba abantu abampofu. ISigebengu esiyinhlekelele iTurban sango-184 AD, nakuba ekugcineni sacinezelwa, sadalula ukuwohloka kombuso kahulumeni omkhulu futhi sanika abaphathi besifunda amandla okuqongelela amabutho azimele. Njengoba iziphathimandla zaseHan zabuna, inhloko - dolobha eDong Zhuoyam yathatha inhloko - dolobha yaseLuyoyang, yafaka indawo empini yombangono. Kwakuphakathi kwalo mbuso wemibuso emithathu eyalandela yaqala ukubuswa ngaphansi kobuholi bukaCao, uLiu, no-Sun.

Inkathi yangaphambi kokumiswa kwalemibuso emithathu kwachazwa ngochungechunge lwemikhankaso ehlangene nezimpi zezifunda. I-Dong Zhuo ye-190 AD, ngokwesibonelo, yahlukaniswa ngenxa yezifiso eziphikisanayo, ibonisa ukuvumelana okungavumelani. Lemibango yokuqala yabeka iqophelo yezimpi ezinkulu ezazizolandela, njengoba impi ngayinye ihlanganisa umbuso ngaphansi kwebhande layo. Ukucazululwa kwalenkathi yokuguqula, [[FLT:] iveza ukungena kwe-Eycclopaedia Britannica eMbusweni [FLT] Esithathu okungokomlando.

Impi yaseGuandu (200 AD): I - Clash of the North

IMpi yaseGuandu ingenye yezimpi eziwujuqu kakhulu emlandweni wemibuso emithathu, ilwa noCao Cao Cao onobuqili ngokulingana nobukhulu be-Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao, esehlanganise amasimu asenyakatho yoMfula iYellow, yayala ibutho lamabutho angaphezu kuka - 100 000, kuyilapho amabutho kaCao Cao Cao ayebalelwa cishe aba ngaphansi kuka-40 000. Impi, eyalwiwa eduze nosuku lwamanje lukaZhongmou eSifundazweni saseHenan, yayingewona nje umncintiswano wamanani kodwa yayiyisigaba esiphambili sobungcweti boMfula, ukuziphatha, nempi yokuhlakanipha.

Ukumiswa Okuwusizo Nesiyalekiso SikaCao

U-Yuan Shao waqhubekela ngaseningizimu entwasahlobo ka-200 AD, ehlose ukugadla igalelo elilimazayo kumphikisi wakhe. UCao Cao, eqaphela ukuthi wayengenakho ukuvikela ensimini, waqinisa ukuma kwakhe eduze kwedolobha eliyinqaba laseGuandu emfuleni weBian. Izinyanga eziningi, la mabutho amabili abhekene nenqaba enjengovimbeka, noYuan Shao Shao namago ukuze aphule izinqaba lapho amadoda kaCao Cao Cao ebhekene ngokungakhathali. Umkhankaso wavivinya imithombo yakhe; imfuyo yajikijeleka, futhi wacabanga ngokuzimela. Nokho, isinqumo sakhe sasekelwa umzakhe uXorun, owakhuthaza futhi waveza ngokubekezela u-Yuan ubuthakathaka obunenseka: UKao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao nobu.

Inkathi Yokushintsha: UGuchao Raid

U-Xu Wembula indawo enkulu yokuthumela kuka-Yuan Shao u-Muao, eqashelwe umlawuli oyekelelayo uChunyu Quiong. Wasebenzisa ithuba lokuthola ukuhlakanipha ngokwembukwa kuka-Yuan Shao. Waveza indawo yokuhlasela kuka-Yuan Shao enkulu eWo, egadelwe umlawuli wempi kaChunyu Qion. Wasebenzisa ithuba lokuhlasela kukaKao Cao Cao Cao ngokwakhe ngokuphazima kwemi futhi wabulala ukuhlasela okungokonyazima kwempi kaYuan ububanzi, wabaleka ithala lika-Yuan Shao ukuze agweme ukubanjwa. Ukuhlasela okungalindelekile kwabangela ukuba iziboshwa ezinkulungwaneni zeziboshwa, okwathiwa i-Chun Quion kwabekwa umlilo, futhi kwabulawa. Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokudla nokudla kwawondla kwakwa kwebutho buka-Yuo, okwadidedela iziboshwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-800, kwashiya izisulu zeziboshwa zeziboshwa eziphilayo eziphilayo. UCayuyu u-mdulo eziduka.

Ukunqoba eGuandu kwashintsha ukulingana kombuso enyakatho yeChina. Kwavumela uCao Cao ukuba achithe amasimu ka-Yuan Shao eminyakeni elandelayo, ekugcineni ahlanganise inyakatho ngaphansi kokulawula kwakhe futhi abeke isisekelo salokho okuyoba uMbuso weWei. Impi ihlolwa kuze kube namuhla ngenxa yokuboniswa kwayo kokusondela ngendlela engaqondile nomsila wesitha. Izazi zesayensi zezwe i - World History i-Guandus ivame ukuqokomisa i-Guand njengencwadi yesibonelo sendlela yokubonisa ukuphakama kwe-fite engenakuqondiseka ngayo.

Impi yeRed Cliffs (208-209 AD): Umlilo kuyiYangtze

Uma uGuandu ahlanganisa ukubusa kukaCao Cao enyakatho, iMpi yaseRed Cliffs yaqinisekisa ukuthi umbuso wawuzohlala uhlukene. Ekwindla ka-208 AD, Cao Cao, esanda kuhlanganisa inyakatho, waphendulela ukunakekela kwakhe ngaseningizimu ngebutho elikhulu elalihlose ukumisa i-Yangtze River. Wavikela ukunikezela kweSifundazwe saseJing ngaphandle kokulwa futhi wacindezela ngaseLangani iQuan insimu eseningizimu. Wayebhekene nokubhujiswa, amakhosi aseningizimu uLiu Bei noSun abenza isivumelwano esingalindelekile, ehlanganisa imikhumbi yawo nempi yokuhlangana nesigodi sasenyakatho yejangerna.

Ukuhlelwa Kwamandla

Ibutho likaCao Cao, elashiwo encwadini engokomlando iRomance yamaBhomu amathathu ukuba abe ngu-830 000, ngokweqiniso ayephakathi kwebutho lamakhulu angu-80 000 ne-240 000, amaningi awo ayengajwayelene nempi yasolwandle nezwe laseningizimu. Amabutho ahlangene ngaphansi komyalo ohlangene weZhou Yu (Sun’s Narval) neLiu Bei uCheng Pu ayebalelwa cishe ku-50 000, kodwa ayenolwazi oluphakeme lwemikhumbi yempi nezwe. Isiteji sasibekwe e-Iconlunce ye-Ygtze ne-Handay, eduze kosuku lwe-Chibi (Refliff) ehlangene, nakuba kunezinsuwayayayayayayayayaya ekhona.

Ukuhlangana Kwamasosha Empi Nokuhlasela Komlilo

Impi yokuqala yempi yasolwandle eRed Cliffs eYangtze ayizange iphumelele kuma-Yangtze. Amabutho kaCao Cao Cao Caao ahlaselwa ukugula kolwandle nezifo, ngakho wayala ukuba imikhumbi yakhe iboshwe ngeketanga ukuze ibumbe amapulatifomu aqinile. Lokhu kunquma, ngesikhathi siqeda isifo sokuhamba, kwenza ukuba imikhumbi ibe sengozini yokudubula. UZhou Yu nomphathi wakhe uHuang Gai wasungula icebo: uHuang Gai wahehla usulukele udwe, wajikijela imikhumbi egcwele imikhumbi ehlotshiswe ngesivinini, uwoyela, namasimu, ibhekene enqabeni enqabeni e-Cao. Njengoba umoya u-Hundai wahamba imikhumbi yakhe futhi wayenza imikhumbi ewuthele imikhumbi esenyakatho. Imikhumbi egcwele ngokushesha, imikhumbi egcwele imikhumbini enkulu egcwele igcwele imikhumbini emikhulu.

Ukuhlasela ngomlilo kwasuswa kwaba yisiphithiphithi. Amabutho kaCao Cao, ayesekhathele futhi egula, anqotshwa njengoba uZhou Yu ehlasela izwe namanzi. Inkosi yempi ngokwayo yasinda ngokuphazima kweso, ihola izinsalela zebutho layo ezindaweni ezihambayo enyakatho ngaseHuarong Road, ehlala ihlushwa amandla kaLiu Bei axod. Ukunqoba kwalondoloza ukuzibusa kwaseningizimu futhi kwaholela ngokuqondile ekumisweni okungokomthetho kwemibuso emithathu: i-Quan yaqinisa isikhundla sayo eningizimu-mpumalanga (U), Liu Bei waqala ukwakha amandla akhe entshonalanga (Shu), kanye noCao Cao Caod enyakatho (Wei). Ukuhlola okunganisa amaqhinga empi kungatholakala [FFFF:] [0]

Impi ka Yiling (Isithothi) (221-222 AD): I-Shu-Urival Erupts

Ubudlelwane obanqoba eRed Cliffs babonakala buntekenteke. Ngemva kokufa kukajenene waseShu uGuan Yu ngo-219 AD ezandleni zamabutho kaWu, usizi lukaLiu Bei nolaka lwamshukumisela ukuba athathe uhambo olukhulu lokujezisa icebo lakhe lokuqala. Umphumela waba iMpi yaseYaling (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi iMpi yaseXiaoting), omunye umncintiswano lapho umlilo nokuzithemba ngokweqile kwabonakala kungujuqu.

Umkhankaso KaLiu Bei Wokuphindisela

Entwasahlobo ka-221 AD, ngemva nje kokuzibiza ngokuthi unguMbusi waseShu Han, uLiu Bei waqongelela ibutho lamasosha elibikwa ukuthi linamandla angaphezu kuka-40 000 futhi lahamba libhekisa empumalanga eWu ngakuMfula iYangtze. ISun Quan yamisa ujenene ohlakaniphile uLu Xun ukuba aqondise ulwelo lwempi. Waqaphela amandla ebutho laseShun ekuqaleni, wathatha icebo lokuyeka izikhali, wakhomba isitha esijule esizweni sase-Mude kwaze kwaba yilapho imigqa yabo incipha futhi ukushisa kwasehlobo kwaba okungabekezeleleki. ULiu Bei, edelela uLu Xun njengomfana nje, wenza iphutha elibucayi: wamisa uchungechunge lwamakamu ehlathini, efuna umthunzi kubantu bakhe.

I - Inferno Lapho Ihloba

Lu Xun, eqaphela ilungiselelo lekamu laseShu nepulangwe layo elihlanganisa ihlathi, wabona umlando uphinda futhi uphinda. Wayala ukuba kuhlaselwe umlilo ngokuphazima kweso ngobusuku obungabulanga obunomswakama. Amalangabi abhobozela enkanjini yaseShu, abangela ukudideka okukhulu futhi aguqula isigodi sibe ugibe lokufa. Ibutho likaLiu Bei lash lasuka; wabalekela kancane ngaphansi kwesifihlakalo sobusuku ephethe abalandeli abambalwa, ebalekela eBaidicache lapho umoya nempilo, wafa khona ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. Ukunqotshwa kukaShu kwaphula amathemba okunweba empumalanga nemingcele ephakathi kwezifunda ezimbili. Ukubekezela kwabonisa ukuthi ukubekezela kunganamandla njengobudlova nokuqina kokuzivumelanisa indawo. Izenzakalo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo zempi zikhona. [Frop]

Ukuwa KukaShu Nempi YaseChengdu (263 AD)

Maphakathi nekhulu lama-3 leminyaka, uMbuso waseWei wawusuthathe ingxenye enkulu yemithombo yengcebo yasenyakatho ne-Soni, manje olawulwa ngokuphumelelayo yi-Sima withs à profector Sima Yi. UMbuso waseShu, ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwe-Liu Shan ethanda ukunqikaza kanye kanye nesazi se-Jiang Wei, wakhathala yimikhankaso yasenyakatho ephindaphindiwe ngokumelene noWei. Ngo-263 AD, i-Weigente Sima Zhao yaqala ukuhlasela okungahambi kathathu ukuze iqede i-Shuwa kanye kanye.

ISige yaseChengdu NeyaseS Nikence

Ujenene waseWei Deng Ai wafeza elinye lamaqhinga anesibindi kakhulu emlandweni wezempi: wahola ibutho phakathi kwendlela yentaba ekhohlisayo i-Yin Ping, indlela ebhekwa njengengenakwenzeka kumabutho. U-Emerged engaphikiswanga eShuheland, uDeng Ai wanqoba ibutho lase-Shu yasensimini futhi waqhubekela enhloko - dolobha, uChengdu. Inkantolo yaseChengdu yaphonswa eSoweni i - juni. UZhuge Zhan, indodana yowengwe ehlonishwayo uZhuge Liang, wahola ukuhlasela okungalawuleki kodwa wabulawa empini. Ngezimpi futhi akukho kukhululeka embukweni, uLi Shan walalela iseluleko somfundisi wempi uQiahohohohoue futhi wanikezela, waqeda umbuso ngaphandle kokuvinjezelwa. Lokhu kugxeka ngokuthula kwezazi zezazi zezokubulalana, nakuba kamuva, zaze zaze zaze zabukwa zivumele ukuba zingenele emfuleni futhi zingene ezindaweni eziphambili zezokubusayo, ngaphansi kwe-Atsu ju.

Ezinye Izenzakalo Zomshado Nendima Yazo

Ngalé kwalezimpi eziyingqophamlando, inkathi yamaBhomu Amathathu igcwele izingxabano ezabumba i-calculus eqenjini elilwayo. iBattle of Hefei (ifuna emikhankasweni eminingi, ikakhulukazi i-215 ne-444 AD) yayiwuchungechunge lokugadla lapho i-Sun Quan’s Wuu's amabutho azama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuphula inqaba yase-Hefei, inqaba ebucayi yokuvikela indlela eMfuleni iHuai. I-Zgan-feo nezinkulungwane ezingu-80 zamahhashi amasosha alwa neWu uWau, ithole indawo ephezulu yempi. [FT] [5] Inqaba enzima evikela indlela yoMfulathi i-Hueung, lapho ibonelela khona izimpi ezimpini ezingaphezulu ze-Zhin.

Ifa Eliwusizo Nelingokwesiko

Ithonya Emfundisweni Yezempi

Izimpi zamaZwe Amathathu aziyona nje imibhalo yaphansi engokomlando; ziyingxenye eyinhloko yemfundo engokwezesayensi yaseMpumalanga Asia. Ukusetshenziswa kokukhohlisa, izinhlangano zokuhlakanipha, ukuhlaziya indawo, nempi engokwengqondo eboniswa yizibalo ezifana ne Zhuge Liang, i-Cao, ne Zhou Yu iye yafundwa empini yezempi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuya kuleyo yamanje. Umbhalo ongokomlando [[FLT: 0]] [Izihlolotho zaMabhomu AmaZwe amathathu [, kanye nencwadi yenucked yemicroat [[FLT:]] eyaziwa ngemicibisholo yemi emithathu [[FLT] [FLT] [FLT]] [FLT], uhlonishwa njengenye yezincwadi Ezine zamanje nezisasele.

Ukufa Esikweni Nasemadayisini

Ukulandiswa kwalezimpi kuye kwaveza imidlalo eqophanayo yedrama, i-opera, izinkondlo, nemithombo yezindaba yanamuhla. Kuchungechunge lwemidlalo yamavidiyo oluningi njenge-Koei’s “Dynastic Sorviers” nemidlalo yamaqhinga enjenge-“Impi Yombuso: amaBhulumends” okuvala amafilimu namadrama ethelevishini, izindaba zeGuan Yu’s, Cao Cao Cao’s Pragmatism, ne Zhuge’s Cay ing’s jastivate izilaleli zembulunga yonke. [[FLT:]] I-Asbonsociation for Sunian Studies [FLT] [FLT: 1]]

Izifundo Zezombangazwe Nezobufilosofi

Izingxabano zalenkathi zinikeza izifundo ezinzulu ekubuseni. Ukuwa kweHan kusebenza njengesixwayiso ngokumelene nokuwohloka kokulawula kanye nokungagwegwesi. Impumelelo yenhlangano yaseningizimu eRed Cliffs iqokomisa ukubaluleka kobunye phakathi kwamaqembu abuthakathaka nosongo oluvamile. Ngokuphambene, uLiu Bei umkhankaso kaYaling oyinhlekelele eveza indlela inkanuko yomuntu siqu enganqoba ngayo isimiso sokulawula, iholela ekulahlekelweni okuyinhlekelele. Abaqondisi abanjengo Zhuge Liang noLu baveza ukubaluleka kombono wesikhathi eside ongokwenzuzo emfushane, isimiso esasayinwaba emabhodini nasemikhankambisweni emhlabeni wonke. Ngisho nokuwa kwemizwelo ye-Shumi, nokulahlekelwa kwayo ngokushesha nokungancintisani, kuphakamisa imibuzo engapheli ngokuphathelenelo olumelene nokumelana nokumelana nokuziphatha.

Inkathi yeBhomus ethathu, eyabekwa uphawu yiJin volume ngo-800 AD, iyisalokhu iyisivumelwano sombuso wezwe nethonya elihlala njalo lobuholi babantu. Izimpi ezachaza lenkathi `````Guandu''', Red Cliffs, Yiling, juling', futhi ezinye ezisele) zazingashayisani nje amabutho kodwa zazingakhona nje ukungqubuzana kwemibono kodwa zaziyimigomo, nesiphetho. Izimpi zazo ziyaqhubeka zizwakala ezimfundisweni ezingokomthetho, ezemisebenzi, nenkumbulo engokwesiko ezazikhuthaza, okwenza ukuba kube nempi eyiqiniso yezindaba ezinkulu ezathonya umhlaba.