Indaba ngayinye engakhohlakali iqala endaweni enomuzwa wokuthi ingokoqobo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingumbuso omkhulu wezinkanyezi ezizungezayo, umbuso wenkathi ephakathi nenkungu, noma isakhiwo sezwe esihlelwe ngokunembe iVictorian London. Ukwakhiwa kwezwe kungaphezu kwesizinda (isigaba) esibhekene nendawo lapho umuntu ehlala khona futhi adansa, futhi ithinta ngokuqondile ukucwiliswa komfundi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemizwelo yakhe. Inselele yababhali ukudumisa imihlangano yabo ekhethwe ngesikhathi befaka imingcele ephelele ekwanele yokumangala neyokuthusabisa. Abafundi bemibono yamaphupho nensuntwe; abafundi besayensi eqanjiwelayo babheka ezobuchwepheshe nezokudayisa okuthengwayo; ukuqamba okungokomlando kudinga ukunemba nokuhluzeka. Ikhono elikhona emhlabeni wonke elizwa yilokho okubonakala ngokubona izinto ezisezingenile, futhi elibukhali elikhona ngokuhlola, elibukhali eliveza ngokuhloseleleyo, ngokunikeza izinqubo eziqinile zezo zonke zezo zezo zezo zezo zezo zezo zezo zezombili eziveza inqubo eziveza ibhubhulo.

Ukuchitha Imihlangano Yezizwe Ngaphandle Kokuba Iboshwe

Imihlangano emikhulu isebenza njengesivumelwano esithulile phakathi kombhali nomfundi. Babeka amathemba anikeza umuzwa wokujwayelana nokwaneliseka uma behlangana. Nokho, ukulandela uhlu lwezinketho ze-trope kungaholela ekubeni kube nenkungu, imfihlo. Isihluthulelo siwukuqonda kahle imihlangano ngokwanele ukuba ilawule izilaleli ngokuzenza zikwazi ukuzibona zizethemba, kuyilapho zizenza zimangale.

Imicabango: Umlingo, Inganekwane, Nomqondo Wokwazi Ukumangaza

Enhliziyweni yayo, amaphupho athembisa ukuba khona kwemisebe engavamile. Imihlangano yakudala ihlanganisa izimiso zomlingo ezihleliwe, izilo eziqanjiwe, ukufuna okukhulu, nokulwa okucacile phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Imisebenzi enjenge iNkosi yeRings imisa eziningi zalezi zimiso, kodwa iphupho lanamuhla liye landisa kanjani imfumbathiso. Namuhla abafundi bamukela izimpawu ezimpunga zokuziphatha, ezilinganiselwe noma ezingaqondakali kahle (izimiso zemilingo) nezinhlelo ezixubanisa impela nezwe. Lapho beqala iphupho, babuza ukuthi “Yini nje le milingo? kodwa“ injani imfucucu? kodwa ibuye kanjani imibala, isigaba, inkolo, nokuphila kwansuku zonke?” Iphupholozwe lapho abaphilisi bethathene yonke imili, imiklamo, futhi bayoba nemisebenzi emikhulu emikhulu, yemisebenzi, yemisebenzi, yemisebenzi.

Izindaba Eziqanjiwe Zesayensi: Ubuchwepheshe, Inhlangano, Nesimo Sesintu

Izindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi zixhomeke ekuncipheni kwezimiso zamanje zesayensi noma ezobuchwepheshe. Imihlangano isukela ekuhambeni ngokushesha okulula kanye nasekuthuthukiseni kwempucuko yangaphandle kuya ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa, ukuthuthukisa i-inthanethi, nohulumeni be-dystopian. Ivame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo ukuze ihlole izenhlalo yamanje, izimiso zezimiso zezemvelo, noma zezombangazwe. Impumelelo ye-SF igwema ubuchwepheshe obuzenzekelayo ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe; yonke into esungulwayo iyakuba nomphumela owenziweyo. Ezweni lapho ukucwenga kwemigqa kuvame khona, isebenza kanjani imingcele? Izomnotho zisebenza kanjani uma izinto ezingokoqobo zingathuthwa ngokushesha? Abafundi bayolingalinganisa izwe lakho ngokuvumelana kwangempela kwesayensi, ukuvumelana nokuqondana nokuhluzeka okukhulu. Nokho, ngisho nezinzuzo ezinkulu zesayensi ezingokwensu ezinsuselwa kakhulu ezinhlansini ezingokwenhlandlayo, noma izimiso zezenhlalo ezisezweni zabantu, noma ezihlukene ezisezindaweni eziseMhlabeni eziseMhlabeni?

Inganekwane Engokomlando: Inembile Ngokushaya Izwi

Izindaba eziqanjiwe ezingokomlando zithola amandla azo ekuphileni. Abafundi balindele ukuhlangana nenkathi esobala: izikhungo zezenhlalo, izingubo zokugqoka, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nabantu bomdabu besikhathi esithile. Kodwa ugibe olukhulu kakhulu lomlando luthatha umlando njengongxenye ye-muziyamu ekhona. Izindaba ezingokomlando ezinamandla kakhulu eziphila ngephunga lezinto ezinukayo nendle, amandla akhuluma ngemithetho ehleliwe, abantu abakhuluma ngezindlela ezihlukene, abantu abazinkolelo zabo zansuku zonke zihluke kakhulu kwezethu. Ukucwaninga ngenkuthalo akuyona into engenakusetshenziswa, kodwa kungokokulandisa ngokwahlulela. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukunemba okukhulu kungase kudingeke ukuba kudide ukudida izilaleli zanamuhla (ngesibonelo, ukulandela iziqu zemali). Umgomo womhlaba uzizwa umehluko ocacile, intengowodwayo.

Ubuciko Basekuqaleni Phakathi Kwemisebenzi Yesakhelo Ejwayelekile

Uma usuyidwebe kahle indawo yakho, kuqala injabulo yangempela: ukusonta nokulungisa lelobalazwe. Umqondo wakuqala awuvamile ukuvela ekusunguleni imiqondo emisha ngokuphelele; uqhakaza ngokuhlanganisa imiqondo ekhona ngezimo ezimangalisayo, ukumba kakhulu, nokuchitha amathemba ngaphandle kokwephula isithembiso esiyinhloko.

Ukususa Intambo Ngenjongo, Hhayi Ukushaya Nje Izibazi

Ukuguqula i-trope edumile kungavusa indaba ekuphileni, kodwa kuphela uma ukushendeza kunesisindo esiqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, izwe lamaphupho lapho iqhawe eliprofethiwe lihluleka khona kusenesikhathi, liphoqelela abantu abavamile ukuba bathwale umthwalo, libekela inselele ukuthembela kwe-genre ekudalelweni. Enganekwaneni yesayensi, umphakathi ocabanga ukuthi unengqondo efiphele owenziwe ngezimiso ungancike ngokuyimfihlo ekuxhashazweni kwezwe eliphansi, ukubukisa izwe langempela elizimele. Ukuguqulwa kusebenza ngenxa yokuthi kuhlangene ne-trope engaphansi kwemibono eyisisekelo. Abafundi abaqaphela umhlangano bangena jule kakhulu endabeni, bebuza isisekelo somhlaba.

Ukuxuba Izimbali Ukuze Kudalwe Izindawo Ezintekenteke

Ukuxubana kwe-Genre kungenye yezindawo ezivundile kakhulu zokwakha umhlaba. Iphupho elingokomlando elibekwe eHeian Japan nesimiso somlingo esiqinile lingase lizizwe lisha. I-opera yasemkhathini eboleka izakhiwo zezindawo zaseNtshonalanga((""indawo yokugquma engaphambili, ukungabi namthetho kothuli, kanye nokuhlobisa izinkwenkwezi ezihamba phambili"ikhanga imishini eminingi yokufunda. Indlela engokomlando iyakumema ukuba uboleke ukuqina kwemihlangano eyodwa ye-genre noketshezi lwenye i-otherine, idala izwe lapho abantu abajwayelene nabo behlala bebongeniswa khona. Uma uhlanganisa, ulondoloza ukugqamisa okucacile: khetha ukulindele okuyinhloko, futhi uvumele ukuba inkathi yenkathi yesobhozo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umhlaba uzizwe uzwa udaka.

Ukuthuthukisa Amasiko Antsha Nokubusa

Izinhlangano zivame ukuba yizixhumaniso ezibuthakathaka kakhulu emhlabeni ekwakheni umhlaba. Kulula ukushaya i-monarchers, imibuso, noma imikhandlu ehlangene nentando yeningi. Kunalokho, zibeke inselele ukuklama izakhiwo zokubusa ezivela endaweni ezungezile, umlando, nemithombo yomhlaba. Isizwe sasogwadule singabuswa umkhandlu weminyango yamanzi; isiteshi somkhathi singasebenza njengenhlangano esekelayo lapho amavota asekelwe khona ezindlekweni zokuphila. Isakhiwo sezwe i-Sclackent iyingcebo yemigomo yobuchopho enje. Inkolo nezimiso zezinkolelo zinganikeza amathuba amakhulu. Izindawo zokusekela indawo enkulu kakhulu lapho inkolo ibukeka khona, futhi ibukeka kanjani kimi?

Uhlelo lwezwe njengesici esivamile

Izindawo zokubuka izakhiwo zimisa impucuko, umnotho, nengxabano. Udwendwe lwezintaba ezicula emoyeni lungaveza yonke impucuko yabaculi ne-mount-mouse. Idolobha elakhiwe ngemuva kwemithetho emikhulu, efudukayo ehamba kancane lilungisa imicabango yekhaya, ukuhamba, nensimu. Ngisho nezimiso eziqinile zizuza ngokuma kwezwe okungakholekiyo, ukuma kwempi, amasu okuvikela nokugcina ukudla. Ukucwaninga ngezwe langempela nesayensi yomoya, bese kwelula okunokwenzeka phakathi kwemithetho yomhlaba. Isihluthulelo sihlanganisa: indawo ezungezile kumelwe ihambisane njalo nezinqubwele. Umphakathi ohlala emaxhapholini uzoba nokwakhiwa okuhlukile, amasuntweza empi, nezindlela zokudla, kunezinqubo zokuzingagodli ezilandela impucuko zempucuko.

Amandla Okucabanga Nokungaguquguquki Kwangaphakathi

Akukho okuphazamisa ukuthemba komfundi ngokushesha kunezwe elinomuzwa wokuzinqumela. Uma uthola ukuthi kunemithetho ethile ekhona,(noma ibusa imilingo, ukuhamba ngejubane elilula, noma ukulandelana kwezombangazwe) kumelwe uhlale kuyo. Umqondo wangaphakathi yisikhova esingabonakali esiphakamisa ilente yenkolelo.

Ukuchaza Nokukhipha Imithetho

Bhala incwadi eyimfihlo yezwe lakho. Bhala imingcele: amandla angakanani adliwa yisithambiso? Ziyini izimpawu ezingokomzimba zokusebenzisa imilingo ngokweqile? Uma inkanyezi ishayela kuphela ngaphakathi kwemithombo yamandla adonsela phansi, impi yonke yasemkhathini kumelwe ihloniphe leyonto ecindezelayo. Umfundi angase angalokothi abone lencwadi, kodwa ukuba khona kwayo kuyokwenza ngisho nezinto ezingavamile zizizwe zilawulwa umthetho wemvelo. Uma uphula umthetho, yenza ngamabomu futhi ubonise imiphumela. Umkhuba okhohlisayo ufanele ukhokhe intengo yento elimaza umzimba, izinyembezi ezingokoqobo, noma ukudamba kwenhlansi ebhubhisayo. Lokhu akugcini nje kuphela ukuthembeka kodwa kuphakamisa izigxobo.

Ukungaguquguquki Esikhathini Namasiko

Izwe lakho laphila ngaphambi kokuba indaba iqale futhi liqhubeke ngemva kwayo. Izwe lakhona liyoqhubeka lijula ngalelo khulu. I-inconsistencies ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamasiko, ukuguquguquka kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kwencazelo, noma izilimi ezihlala zifana phakathi kwamabanga amade zingasusa ubuqiniso. Ukushintsha kolimi nokuqamba okungokomlando, kuyinto evame kakhulu. Uma izindaba zikhona amakhulu eminyaka, zibonisa ukushintshashintshana kwamagama, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, noma imfashini. Ngisho noma ungakhi izilimi eziphelele, izinkulumo ezimbalwa ezibhalwe ngokwezigodidi noma imixhakatho yezifunda zingasikisela umlando wolimi oluvamile. [[FLT:]] , i-pocracle, ivame ukuxoxa ngendlela yokuhlanganisa imininingwane enjalo ngaphandle komfundi odumile.

Ukuqinisa Izwe Ngezici Nezingxabano

Izwe eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu liba yize ngaphandle kwabantu abalawula ukucindezela kwalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo esilula singazizwa sinamandla uma sicwengwa ngelens ye-protagononist. Ubuhlobo buyi-symbiotic: izwe libumba izinhlamvu, futhi ukulwa kwabo kwembula isimo sezwe sangempela.

Ukulwa Kuvela Ezimweni Ezinhle Zomhlaba

Izimpi zohlobo phakathi kokuhle nokubi ngeke zibonise ukuthi uhlukile. Kunalokho, isimo sami sokulwa okungavele kwenzeke lapho. Ezweni lapho izinkumbulo ziwumali, isela eleba umuntu ocebile lingabangela impi yesigaba. Esizukulwaneni lapho amandla okwenziwa adonsela phansi ehluleka khona, ukubulala okusebenzisa inzuzo yezero-G physics izinselele. Uma impi enkulu ihlangene ngokushelela nemithetho yomhlaba nomlando, ukucwilisa kungenza kube yimpi yesigaba sesigaba. Abafundi ababukele nje isimo; bazizwa benobunzima obubo obusetshenziswayo ezinkonzweni ezikhethweni.

Ukubhebhethekisa Izwe Ngempi Enzima

Ngisho nasezindabeni ezingavamile zendawo yonke, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu (noma komuntu) kumelwe kuthinteke. Umlindi wothuli osogwadule eplanethini ephupha ukuphila okungcono, i-AI ebuza injongo yayo, umbelethisi wenkathi ephakathi osengozini yokubulawa ukuze anikeze indlalifa ekhubazekile [1] lezi zinkinga ziguqula imingcele ye-gemire. Isihluthulelo sisho ukuthi: faka i-atmosecule yonke emininingwaneni ethile yomhlaba wakho. Esikhundleni “wayedabukile,” ubonise ukuvakashela kwakhe ithempeli lapho ukudabuka kuboniswa khona amanzi esihlabathini okuthiwa ngokushesha, umzwelo oxhutshene kuvela kunkulunkulu wendawo yonke. Umzwelo uyinto, kodwa inkulumo ingeyodwa.

Ukucwiliswa Okunengqondo: Ukubonisa Izwe Ngemininingwane

Abafundi baphila ngezinzwa zabo, izwe elisekelwe ezincazelweni ezifiphele liyohlala lihleliwe; izwe elishintshwa ngokwaziswa okucacile kwezinzwa liba okuhlangenwe nakho. Ukubhala okunengqondo akugcini nje ngokudweba isithombe, ukuveza indlela umuntu azizwa ngayo, ukubheka izimpawu zobuntu, nokugcizelela imithetho engokoqobo.

Ngalé Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: Umsindo, Ukushaya Indwangu, Nokubhala

Izindaba eziqanjiwe zivame ukufinyelelwa yizinto ezibonwayo. Zizwakala kanjani i-tech-bazaar ephezulu? Ukukhala kwezimo eziwukuguqula imibala ehlukahlukene, ukunyakaza kwezinambuzane ze-inthanethi. Ehlathini lephupho, iphunga lingaba ukuxubana kwemizwa, insimbi ephuma e-lapir eseduze ye-dragon, kanye nokubola okumnandi kwezithelo zomlingo. Ngisho nohlobo lwezinhlamvu zezinto ezigqokwayo zixekelwe yi-injini ezishelelayo. Imininingwane yemizwa kufanele iphinde iphinde iphindeke kabili, ithuthukise isimo sezwe sokwakha i-progagon ngokomzwelo. Ubuntu obugcwele usizi olubangelwa yi-acid ye-acid, kuyilapho imizuzwana i-acid ye-active. [Frans][0]

Ukuxosha Abangenawo Amasu Ngenxa Yethonya Elingokomzwelo

Enye indlela enamandla ukuchaza amagama ajwayelekile enzwa, kanye nawovamile kwengajwayelekile. Uma umuntu ovela ezweni lethu ethatha izinyathelo ukuya endaweni yomlingo, ukuhluka kwazo kungadluliselwa ngokuchaza izinto zezwe njengezingajwayelekile: isihlalo esilula singachazwa ngokuthi “isigxobo sethambo elibaziweyo elamukela isisindo sakhe ngencwili ephansi, ecishe iqhokozisayo.” Lokhu kushintsha kungagcina umfundi eqaphile futhi egxile ngokugcwele ekuzindleni kobuntu.

Iziphambeko Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzilandela

Ngisho nabakhi abanolwazi emhlabeni bangawela ezicuphweni ezilulaza le nkohliso. Ukuqaphela kuyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela.

  • Izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu: Gwema izigaba zomlando noma imithetho yomlingo enikezwa ngezwi elomile. Gwema ulwazi futhi wembule ngesenzo, ingxoxo, kanye nomniningwane wezinzwa. Thembela kumfundi ukuba ahlanganise izinto ndawonye. Uma ulwazi oluningi olune-dimumu lubonakala lungenakugwenywa, luyiphule ibe izicucu bese luzisakaza ezigcawini lapho umlobi we-proganonnon ethola khona ulwazi ngokomzwelo.
  • Ukwakhiwa ngokukhulu: Akuyona yonke imininingwane yezwe lakho edinga ukuvela ekhasini. Izinhlu eziningi zohlu lwezindlu ezincane ezihloniphekile noma amakhekheni enyanga aqondile angakuhlaba umxhwele, kodwa angaqamba ukulandisa. Yakha ngokwanele ukunikeza ithemba bese yenza indaba inqume okumelwe iboniswe. Izwe kufanele lizizwe lijule, hhayi lithathe iqoqo.
  • I-Cultlithis: Amaplanethi angawodwa, imibuso enolimi olulodwa, nenkolelo efanayo engokwenkolo kulo lonke izwekazi. Amasiko angempela ayahlukahluka, ayaphikisana, futhi ahlala njalo. Ukuhluka kwezifunda, ahlukene, futhi ahlukahluka phakathi. Umbuso wephupho ungathola unkulunkulu welanga owenziwe ngezindlela ezihlukene, kodwa imikhosi yabalimi edumisa umoya womhlaba ovinjelwe.
  • [[NTL:0] Ubuchwepheshe noma umlingo njengekhambi lekhambi: Uma inkinga ingaxazululwa nge-alitha noma nge-actal, ukuqina komzimba. Ukulinganisela amazinga amandla, ukubeka izindleko, nokuklama izinselele ezisebenzisa leyomingcele. Ukungalawuleki kanye ne-Fantasy Writers Association [ inikeza imithombo eminingi yokulondoloza ukuguquguquka kwangaphakathi okungasiza ekuqondiseni igeji.
  • Imibono engekho ngokwezwe: Amazwe lapho wonke umuntu eyiqhawe, i-mage, noma isazi sezombangazwe engazizwa ephutheni khona. Bonisa abalimi, abathengisi, nabashayeli bemigwaqo abamisebenzi yabo yenza kube nezenzakalo ezinzima. Imibono yabo iveza indaba futhi ifaka incazelo egqamile. Ukubulawa kwendlovukazi kusho lutho uma singaboni ukuthi ukutholakala kokusanhlamvu enhloko - dolobha kuthinteka kanjani.

Izihloko Ezingokomlando Nokucwaninga Okuphefumlelwe

Isilinganiso esimangalisayo sokwakha umhlaba sivela ekucwaningeni okujulile ngomlando wangempela, i-thropology, kanye ne-ecology. Izibonelo zezomlando zingasontwa zibe yinto entsha ngokuphelele: i-compative yasendulo yase-China ixhunyiwe esiteshini somkhathi, i-Incanquipu i-tocolu ihlelwe njengesimiso semininingwane ye-memory yezinhlobo ezingaziwa. Ngisho nezidalwa zephupho ziba nokukholeka okukhulu uma zisekelwe ekucabangeni okungokwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Ukufunda indlela izakhiwo zomphakathi ezingokwezenhlalakahle, indlela imizila yokudayisa ulimi oluklama, nendlela izakhiwo zezulu ezithinta ngayo izakhiwo zangempela. Ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezwe, okungawushintsha kalula. [[FLT:] iProrigiontel Society [[FLT] [FLD] inikeza izihloko ezinhle kakhulu ekusebenziseni imininingwane engoko ukuze kuceke, ngisho nalezo eziphambili.

Amathuluzi Nemikhuba Yomakhi Osebenzayo Wezwe

Ukwakha izwe elivumelanayo kudinga ukuhleleka. Abalobi abaningi basebenzisa iprojekthi eyimfihlo, i-Screvener, noma i-operactive ukuze balandele imininingwane. Cabangela ukugcina uchungechunge lwezincwadi: uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezinkulu, umdwebi onophawu olunezihloko ngendlela izwe elizilolonge ngayo, futhi “imithetho esebenzayo” ngomlingo wakho noma ngobuchwepheshe. Yakha umkhuba wokwakha umhlaba ungawufaki emgodini, kodwa nge-spectem ngezithombe. Uma udweba isiqephu, buza ukuthi yini ehlukile ngalendawo engadluliselwa ngomniningwane, ngengxenye yengxoxo, noma isithiyo esincane. Ngesikhathi esibili, izwe lakho liyohlanganisa izingqimbawe ezizizwa zingenazinto eziphilayo kunokuba zingene.

Ukwakha umhlaba kuyingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwemidaba nenqaba. Dumisa imihlangano eyakudonsela egunjini, kodwa ungalokothi uyivumele ukuba ikuvimbele. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zakho ngokuvumelana okunengqondo, ukugcwala kwenzwa, nokujula kwamasiko okuzalelwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zomhlaba zangempela. Uma zonke izintaba, imikhosi yezenhlalo, kanye nokungalawuleki kwezobuchwepheshe kungenisa isimilo nengxabano, awudali nje indawo ebanzi, kodwa indawo yonke ephilayo (izinto ezikhona) lapho abafundi bazobuyela khona, belangazelela ukuveza imfihlo yayo elandelayo.