Izizwe ezimbalwa ezisemasikweni amaJapane ziyala ngokuhlaba umxhwele njengeYato Clan — igama elivusa imifanekiso yamabutho angenakwephulwa, izifungo ezingenakunqanyulwa, nokuphishekela inhlonipho okungapheli. Indaba yazo idlula nje engokomlando; yakha ukuzindla okujulile ngomholi ngaphansi komlilo, izibopho eziqinile zokwethembeka, nokulangazelela okukhulu komuntu ukukhulula. Linemizwa eguquguqukayo yempi yempi yempi yempi negazi elincishisiwe, ukudambaza kweYato eqanjwe ngomfazansi wempi yasikhathi sonke nomthetho wokuziphatha. Lokhu kuhlola kuveza izisekelo ezingokomlando, ukubusekela ukuphumelela kwayo ngamandla, futhi kulandela amalungu ayo ngokuhluleka kokukhanya okunzima, ukuveza ukuthi kungani iYato yaze yakha imfuculo yekhono elinamandla.

Isizinda Esingokomlando SeYato Clan

Ukuvela kweYato Clan kuhambisana nokudideka kwenkathi yenkathi yenkathi , inkathi yempi yombango ecishe iqhubeke njalo eyahlukanisa iJapane kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 kuya ekuqaleni kwele-17. Ngokwezinhlokwane zezenzakalo namasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo, isizwe saqala phakathi kwemifula emangelengelengele yezwe iCūgoku, lapho imikhaya emincane ehlala khona — ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi ijizamu [ — ihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze isivikelo sombili. Ezikhathini eziningi, le mikhosi yempi yaveza amakhono ayo okulwa nokuzimela futhi yakhanyanisa izimpawu eziphawulekayo, ekugcineni ibala eliveza iqoqo le-pine.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1500, i-Yato yayiqophe indawo eyayihlanganisa amadolobhana aqinile amaningana nenqaba encane esegqumeni, uYatojō. Indawo yayo ekhethekile endleleni yokuhweba yayenza ikwazi ukuthungatha izikhali nokwaziswa okuvela enhloko - dolobha, kodwa futhi yabenza baba izisulu zomakhelwane abakhulu, abathuthukisa ukwanda. Isizwe saziqondisa lezi zingozi ngokuxubana kwempi nobudlelwane obuhlakaniphile, ngokuvamile sihlangana namakhosi anamandla kuyilapho sigwema ukunqotshwa ngokuphelele. Lesi senzo sokulinganisela sasidinga abaholi ababengafunda izakhiwo zezombangazwe ezishintshashintshayo futhi benze isenzo esiqinile, imfanelo eyayingachaza ukuhola kweYato amakhulu eminyaka.

Izimpi ezibhalwe phansi namabutho anyukayo ama-Oda namaMōri phakathi kwekhulu lama-3516 zavivinya ukuma kwesizwe. Empini yaseTakasaka (circa 1562), iYato ihlalisa amabutho alwayo angaphansi kwamakhulu amathathu, ukuthenga isikhathi sokuqinisa izikhali. Ukuhlasela okunjalo, kwadlulela phansi umpunga - monamari [[[FTLT:1] [izindaba zempi], kwaqinisa idumela lesizwe njengempi eqinile nenodumo. Umlando, nakuba uqokoshela ngokungaguquki okungapheliyo ngisho nalapho unamathele komthetho onamandla — isimiso samuva esasizophakamisa isilinganiso esiwumbuso [[FTY:1] [ithrognogata] [irights cishe i-od syst.

Ubuholi EYato Clan

Ekupheleni komphakathi weYato kwakune-DAimyō, inkosi yesizwe eyayinegunya elikhulu kakhulu kodwa eliqiniswe kakhulu ngenxa yesiko kanye namathemba ahlangene. Ngokungafani namandla angalawulwayo amanye abaphathi bempi asetshenziswayo, iYato Daimyō kwakulindeleke ukuba ihlanganise izimfanelo ezimbaxambili ze ibun (ukulungisa okungokoqobo) kanye namandla angalawulwayo]. Lokhu kwafuna ukuba inkosi ibe yiqhawe elivinyiweyo futhi igcine izinkondlo, isigubhubezo, isigungu sokuqondisa ingqondo ekwazi ukuphatha njengenkemba. [[FLT:] [FLT:] [FLT] [5]

Isimiso sokubusa sohlanga sasisekelwe emkhandlwini wabadala abagcina izintambo, i-Kashindan , eyasebenza njengezikhulu nabaphathi. Lomzimba wasebenza njengendlela yokuhlola izisusa zeDaimyō, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo ezinkulu — ezinjengezimemezelo zempi, indawo ephikwayo, noma izivumelwano — zazibonisa ukuvumelana kwamabutho anolwazi kakhulu. Isimiso sakhuthaza ukuhola lapho impikiswano nempikiswano zazibalulekile khona, futhi ngisho nonyawo oluphansi kakhulu amasosha ayengathinta umhlangano ngekeshende yenhlonipho.

Itshe eliqanjiwe laliyisibonakaliso samakhosi amakhulu kakhulu e-Yatogage. Baphumelela kakhulu isichisei-ga, ubuciko bokufunda indawo nesimo sezulu ukuze basebenzise ubuthakathaka besitha. Imibiko yangaphakathi ikhuluma ngomholi odumile uYato Nagakage, owaqala ubusuku obunonya phakathi nemvula enkulu, wafihla imikhosi yakhe ngesiphepho futhi waphonsa isitha esikhulu kakhulu ekuhlakaniseni imoto. Ngalé kwezindlela zempi, uYato Daimyō wathwala umthwalo wemfanelo onzima wokulondoloza inhlonipho yeqembu kuzo zonke izenzo. Isenzo esisodwa sobugwala noma sokukhohlisa singaphula ukwethemba okungaboshelwa kwenkosi yabo, ukwenza ubuqotho nobuqotho babo.

Ukuphefumulelwa, kunokuba kube ukuyalwa nje, kwakuyimali eyayigcina amasosha ehlangene. Abaholi abalwa namasosha abo, bahlanganyela ubunzima babo, futhi balahlekelwa obala okungasungulwanga umthetho. Lokhu kuhlangana okungokomzwelo kugcizelelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe emibhalweni esankondlo yesizwe, lapho iDaimyō ichazwa ngokuthi “inhliziyo empompa igazi kuzo zonke izitho,” igcizelela ukuthi ukuhola kwakuyisenzo sokukhonza iqembu.

Ukwethembeka Nobuzalwane

Ukwethembeka kuyiYato Clan kwakungeyona intengo nje; kwakuyi-all à gradencom edlula indawo yonke yokuziphatha esekelwe ngokombhalo ovame ukufaniswa no- u-cobinhidō kodwa kanye neyahlukene iYato distings. Yayaziwa ngokuthi Yato] no - Michi [ [indlela ka-Yato]] (Indlela ka-Yato]), le-bonode igcizelela izinkolelo ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ukuthembeka enkosini ngisho nangezindleko zokuphila komuntu, isivikelo esiqinile sezindawo zenkemba, nezibophophophozo zomphakathi phakathi kwabazalwane. Lezimiso zazingasekelwe emikhubeni ewulweni, ukuziphatha kwansuku zonke, futhi zingenayo ihlazo lomuntu.

Umqondo u-ohanashi-giri (isikweleti sengxoxo eyodwa) ubonisa ukujula kwalobu buzalwane. Ngaphambi komkhankaso, amaqhawe ayehlangana ngamaqembu amancane, ehlanganyela iwayini lelayisi nezindaba zomuntu siqu — esaba, edabuka. Lomkhuba wadala isivumelwano esingokwengqondo: umuntu ngamunye wayeyazi imininingwane ejulile yokuphila komngane wakhe, ekwenza ukukhaphela noma ubugwala obungacabangeli. Lapho iqhawe empini, abangane bakhe abaseduze kakhulu babelindeleke ukuba bathwale inkumbulo yakhe phambili, basekele umkhaya wakhe futhi baxoxe ngezenzo zakhe emibuthanweni yemibuthano, umsebenzi owaguqula usizi lwaba yithuluzi elibopha isibopho.

Uvivinyo olukhulu lokwethembeka luvela kuyo yonke iYato lore. Enye i-astntlatold ithinta umgcini wenkosi yakhe uJirō, owazivumela ukuba athunjwe futhi ahlushwe ngaphandle kokwembula imininingwane, njengoba kungenzeka. Ukuthula kwakhe akubhekwanga njengokulalela nje kodwa njengokubonakaliswa okukhulu kokuzikhethela uqobo. Izenzo ezifana nalokhu zaqinisa inkolelo yokuthi ukwethembeka kwakungamandla aphilayo, uhlobo lwesisekelo esingokomoya esasigcina isigaba siqotho lapho amabutho angaphandle nokungabaza ngaphakathi kusongela ukusiqeda.

Lobu budlelwane badlulela ngalé kwempi. Ngezikhathi zendlala, amaqembu ayesakaza imithombo ukuze kungabikho mkhaya olambayo; ezingxabanweni, abadala babenozwela ekulondolozeni ukuzwana kunokufuna ukujeziswa. Umuntu wayebuthelwe kakhulu endwangwini eyayibhekwa njengenhlekelele enkulu kunokufa — ukususwa komuntu ngokwakhe. I-ethos yadala umphakathi oqinile, okwazi ukubhekana nenhlansi eyayingawaqeda amaqembu alwayo.

Ukulwela Ukukhululwa: Uhambo Lomuntu Siqu Nokwenza Iqembu

Uma ukwethembeka kwakuyisihlangu somkhaya, ukufuna ukukhululwa kwakuyindlela enziwa ngayo kaningi umphefumulo wawo uthonywe. Ukulandisa kweYato kuhambisana nezenzakalo zokwehluleka okukhulu — ukwethembana okungaqondile, ukukhohliswa kwesizwe empini, ukukhohliswa kwangaphakathi — okwabangela ihlazo. Okuhlukanisa indaba yabo indlela ehlelekile yokubhekana nale mithunzi, okuguqula ihlazo libe yisici esibangela ukuvuselelwa.

Iqhawe elibaleka ekulweni lingase lichithe iminyaka lizulazula , lisenza imisebenzi ephansi futhi lifuna isizathu esifanelekile sokuzinikela futhi ‘ lisuse ibala. Indaba yomcibisheli uKenta ibeka ibala kulempi: ngemva kokudubula ngephutha imboni ehlangene phakathi nobusuku, uKenta wadela izikhali zakhe futhi wakhonza njengesisebenzi esivamile ezitebeleni zesizwe. Eminyakeni eyishumi, waphinde waphinde wathembana ngenkonzo yokungangxegi, ekugcineni wafa esenzweni elingemva kokusindisa indodana yakhe esentsha eshumini eliphansi ehoxisiwe, waba yimpatho ehloniphekile, futhi ayizange ikwazi ukukhokhiswa ngokuzinikela okungenabugovu, futhi ayizange ikwazi ukukhohliselwa.

Lapho iqembu lesizwe libopha uzungu lokuzikhulula lihlanganisa neqembu futhi lisusa uzungu oluseduze kweMpi yaseFushin River (1612), lonke iqembu labhekana nakwalasha. Abasinda babalekela endaweni engcwele yentaba ekude, bekhutshulwa amazwe abo nesiqu. Izizukulwane ezimbili ezigcwele, iYato zahlala ekudingisweni, ukulima amapulani amancane nokugcina umlando wazo owesandla esiqinile emiquluni. Zakhiwa ngokuphinde zayiswa eYato Michi, zamisa imfundo eqinile yabantwana bazo bonke kanye nezokubusa okusobala lapho zonke izinqumo ezinkulu zazingaxoxwa khona obala. Lapho ekugcineni ziphinde ziphinde zivule futhi zikhiphe ingxenye yesifundazwe sazo kuya ekwakheni isikhulu, zazingasayinwanga ukunqoba kwezempi kodwa zazingabonisi ukuvuselelwa kwempi okuqinile kwezelelwe futhi zishintshele ekushintsheni kwesizukulwane esiphambili.

Abenzi Befa LaseYato: Abaholi Abayinhloko Nethonya Labo

Ukuzivuselela kwesizwe nefilosofi kwalongwa ukulandelana kwabantu abangavamile abaphila ngokuzulazula iMiqondo yaseYato. Yato Masagata (1490-1552), eyaziwa ngokuthi “Quill noBlade,” yahlanganisa imikhaya esabaleleneyo yamaYato phakathi neziyaluyalu zenkathi yokuhwebelana. Imbongi yenye i-Repute, uMasagata yamisa ikhodi yokuqala ebhaliwe yesizwe, ihlanganisa izimiso zokuziphatha zobuConfucian nenhlonipho yemvelo yobuShinto. Ukubusa kwakhe kwaveza isibonelo sokuthi umsebenzi wokuqala wenkosi kwakusezweni nabantu bayo, hhayi inkazimulo yomuntu siqu.

Ekhulwini leminyaka kamuva, Yato Ryūma wabhekana nehora elimnyama kakhulu lesizwe. Ukuthatha ubuholi ngemva kwenhlekelele yoMfula iFushin, uRyūma wayengumntwana wesizukulwane esidingisiwe, okhuliswe ngokuqapha ngobuntwana bobukhona besizwe. Wakwenqaba ukulwa ngonya nokhokho bakhe, esikhundleni sokuphishekela inkambiso “yamandla anokuthula” — ukwakha ukwaneliseka ngokwezomnotho ngezimayini nangesitomu, futhi wasekela i-crinethi ye-crecorde ngomthenelo nokweshelwano. URyūma wabeka ikhono lokuhumusha ubuhle obungokwesiko ekuguquleni i-mongosizo, ebonakalisa ukuthi ukuhlonishwa kungatshalwa emasimini nasezindaweni zempi. [Foctive], njengoba kuqoqiwe [Foctive] [3]

Abesifazane beYato Clan ababengadunyiswa kakhulu kodwa futhi babebaluleke ngokufanayo, babengabesifazane beYato Clan abaklama amasu ezindaweni zasekhaya. Yato Shizue, inkosikazi ye-17th extentur Daimyō, bona ngokwabo babexoxa ngezindlela eziphephile zabantwana bakhe kanye nemali yesizwe phakathi nokuvinjezelwa kokuhamba bengena ngonobumba wesitha obhalwe ngokusekelwe ozalweni olulodwa. Isibindi sakhe nekhono lokuphendula igazi sasindisa igazi futhi sabonisa ukuthi amandla ohlobo ayengalibodwa kodwa ayesekelwe engxenyeni yesinye sesilisa kodwa ayeqinile esithombeni nasemfanelweni.

Impi Nezimpi Zezombangazwe Ezihlangene

Ukuboshelwa impi yamaYato kwakungavamile ukuba kunqotshwe ngenxa yayo; kwakuyinhlanganisela yezingxoxo kanye nesiko eliyinqaba. Amasu empi agcizelela ukunyakaza, ukuhlakanipha, nolwazi olujulile lwezindawo zawo ezinezintaba. Ama-scoups ayezifihla njengabahwebi noma izindela ayengena njalo ezinkantolo zezitha, futhi amaYato ayephakathi kwabantu bokuqala esifundeni sabo ukuba asebenzise [[FLT: 0]shinobi[ [nge] ngenxa yokuchitha kanye nolwazi lwempi — isiqalo semidalo ye-ninja kamuva esetshenziswa yizinkombazana.

Ngokwezombangazwe, iYato yathatha indawo eyingozi phakathi kwe-megáparia amandla afana ne-Oda ne-Mōri. Ithuluzi labo lokusinda lalihlanganisa kokyō-seisaku] (isimiso sokuzilawula), ebizwa ngesidalwa esizibandakanyayo enhlanzini enkulu ngaphandle kokudliwa. Bengathembisa ukwethembeka enkosini enkulu kuyilapho begcina imvume yangaphakathi kanye nesifiso sokushintsha izinhlangothi uma inkosi ikhaphela ithemba labo. Lokhu kuvumelana komthetho, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kwakubhalwe ngendlela eqinile: isizwe singenza ukuvumelana kuphela uma umngane wokuqala ephula izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zesivikelo nenhlonipho. Njengoba kubhalwe ngomuntu owekhulu elingu 1859 [12], [FLT], umqulu onamandla, nakuba u-YanFlctive, oyenziwa kakhulu, futhi ewugunyaza isilinganiso esiqinile somthetho wokulawula isimilo.

Umlando Wesiko: IYato Clan Kubuciko NaseStotelling

Esikhathini eside ngemva kokuba amandla abo ezombangazwe enciphile, iYato Clan yaphila emasikweni acebile aseJapane. UKabuki nobukraku badlala izinganekwane zabo ezithinta inhliziyo kakhulu, njengokuhlengwa kukaKenta umcibisheli, ngokuvamile embozwe ngembukwane yebhomu eligcwele ibhomu kanye ne-paros. Ezithombeni zokhuni, amaqhawe eYato aboniswa ngetshebe elihlotshaniswa nohlengahlengi, izinkulumo zawo ezibanjwa phakathi kwempiko nokuzindla — ukukhetha kobuciko okubonisa imfanelo yesizwe esilinganayo [[[FLT:][FLT] [FLD:] [2] ne [FLT] [FLD:2]]. [FLD]

Amadrama ethelevishini anamuhla kanye ne-manga aphinde avuselela ukulandisa kweYato, ngezinye izikhathi aguqula isizwe njengabavikeli abamnyama bezimfihlo zasendulo noma njengabacuphi abalwa neziphathimandla zesizwe ezonakele. Lezi zikhululo, nakuba zikhululekile, zifakazela ukunxusa okuyisisekelo kwezihloko zeYato: abantu abavamile ababoshwe yimithetho engavamile, abalwela ukuthola indawo yabo engcono phakathi kobudlova nokuziphatha okungaqondakali. Izazi zempucuko edumile yamaJapan ziphawula ukuthi iYato exempl i-"[[FLT:] girinjō " ingxabano ephakathi kwemisebenzi kanye nemizwano yabantu — ukulwa kwezimoto ezifanele ukuhlola izimpi ngokomzwelo.

Izifundo Ezingapheli Ezivela EYato Clan

Nakuba umlando weYato ungasawabambi amazwe noma amabutho alawulayo, isibonelo sawo sobuholi nomphakathi sinikeza ukuqonda okuhlala njalo. Ukuphikelela kwesizwe ukuba igunya lithotyelwe ngeseluleko, ukuba ukwethembeka kutholwe ngokunakekela kweqiniso, futhi lokho kwehluleka kulandelwe ngokuvuselela okunentshiseko, okuhlangene kukhuluma ngokuqondile nezinhlangano zanamuhla. Amabhizinisi, izikhungo zemfundo, kanye namaqembu omphakathi kungathola yonke ipulani yeYato yezisebenzi, lapho inhlalakahle yabo bonke abantu ivame ukudlula khona ukuqhosha.

Inqubo yokuhlenga, ikakhulukazi, enkathini evame ukulahla labo abakhubekayo. Ngokuhlela izindlela zokubuyiselwa — hhayi ngokuxolisa ngaphandle kodwa ngomzamo oqhubekayo obonakalayo — isizwe sakha isiko lapho amaphutha ayengaba amatshe anyathelelwayo kunokuba abe izimpawu ezihlala njalo. Umqondo wokuhlengwa kwesizukulwane, lapho amahlazo abazali ehlanzwa khona ngokuziphatha okuhloniphekile kwabantwana, wagcizelela umbono omude wokulandisa umphakathi wanamuhla ovamile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kobuciko nemfundo yezimiso zokuziphatha entweni yokuphila kwansuku zonke kubonisa ukuqonda okungaqondakali kwentuthuko yomuntu. IYato yaqaphela ukuthi iqhawe elikwaziyo ukuqamba i-haku, liqaphela iphunga elintekenteke lezimbali eziphukayo, futhi licabanga ngokufa kwalo lalilihle kakhulu — futhi ekugcineni laliphumelela kakhulu — umvikeli kunendlela nje yokubulala. Lendlela yokuzicabangela yokukhula komuntu ihlala iyikhambi elinamandla lencazelo elinganiselwe yempumelelo.

Ngokuhlola uhambo lwabo olungokomlando, sithola umthombo ojulile wokuhlakanipha ngendlela imiphakathi engakhuthazela ngayo ngobuqotho nendlela abantu abangavuka ngayo ngemva kokuwa. Ifa labo alisho ukuthi baphelele ngendlela engafinyeleleki; limemeza ngokukhetha kwansuku zonke kokuvumelana nezindinganiso, nangentambo engenakunqanyulwa ehlanganisa isizukulwane esisodwa nenhlonipho yaso kwesinye.